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Fernández-Varas B, Manguan-García C, Rodriguez-Centeno J, Mendoza-Lupiáñez L, Calatayud J, Perona R, Martín-Martínez M, Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Benítez-Buelga C, Sastre L. Clinical mutations in the TERT and TERC genes coding for telomerase components induced oxidative stress, DNA damage at telomeres and cell apoptosis besides decreased telomerase activity. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:818-834. [PMID: 38641551 PMCID: PMC11031360 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes that maintain their integrity. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in telomere protection and elongation produce diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis known as telomeropathies. These diseases are characterized by premature telomere shortening, increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. Genetic diagnosis of telomeropathy patients has identified mutations in the genes TERT and TERC coding for telomerase components but the functional consequences of many of these mutations still have to be experimentally demonstrated. The activity of twelve TERT and five TERC mutants, five of them identified in Spanish patients, has been analyzed. TERT and TERC mutants were expressed in VA-13 human cells that express low telomerase levels and the activity induced was analyzed. The production of reactive oxygen species, DNA oxidation and TRF2 association at telomeres, DNA damage response and cell apoptosis were determined. Most mutations presented decreased telomerase activity, as compared to wild-type TERT and TERC. In addition, the expression of several TERT and TERC mutants induced oxidative stress, DNA oxidation, DNA damage, decreased recruitment of the shelterin component TRF2 to telomeres and increased apoptosis. These observations might indicate that the increase in DNA damage and oxidative stress observed in cells from telomeropathy patients is dependent on their TERT or TERC mutations. Therefore, analysis of the effect of TERT and TERC mutations of unknown function on DNA damage and oxidative stress could be of great utility to determine the possible pathogenicity of these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Varas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Manguan-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. C. Melchor Fernandez de Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez-Centeno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Mendoza-Lupiáñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Calatayud
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, C.P. 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. C. Melchor Fernandez de Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Calle Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Benítez-Buelga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Sols/Morreale CSIC/UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. C. Melchor Fernandez de Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ghanim GE, Sekne Z, Balch S, van Roon AMM, Nguyen THD. 2.7 Å cryo-EM structure of human telomerase H/ACA ribonucleoprotein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:746. [PMID: 38272871 PMCID: PMC10811338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzyme that extends telomeric repeats at eukaryotic chromosome ends to counterbalance telomere loss caused by incomplete genome replication. Human telomerase is comprised of two distinct functional lobes tethered by telomerase RNA (hTR): a catalytic core, responsible for DNA extension; and a Hinge and ACA (H/ACA) box RNP, responsible for telomerase biogenesis. H/ACA RNPs also have a general role in pseudouridylation of spliceosomal and ribosomal RNAs, which is critical for the biogenesis of the spliceosome and ribosome. Much of our structural understanding of eukaryotic H/ACA RNPs comes from structures of the human telomerase H/ACA RNP. Here we report a 2.7 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the telomerase H/ACA RNP. The significant improvement in resolution over previous 3.3 Å to 8.2 Å structures allows us to uncover new molecular interactions within the H/ACA RNP. Many disease mutations are mapped to these interaction sites. The structure also reveals unprecedented insights into a region critical for pseudouridylation in canonical H/ACA RNPs. Together, our work advances understanding of telomerase-related disease mutations and the mechanism of pseudouridylation by eukaryotic H/ACA RNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zala Sekne
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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3
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Rodríguez-Montes L, Ovchinnikova S, Yuan X, Studer T, Sarropoulos I, Anders S, Kaessmann H, Cardoso-Moreira M. Sex-biased gene expression across mammalian organ development and evolution. Science 2023; 382:eadf1046. [PMID: 37917687 PMCID: PMC7615307 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic traits are common among mammals and are specified during development through the deployment of sex-specific genetic programs. Because little is known about these programs, we investigated them using a resource of gene expression profiles in males and females throughout the development of five organs in five mammals (human, mouse, rat, rabbit, and opossum) and a bird (chicken). We found that sex-biased gene expression varied considerably across organs and species and was often cell-type specific. Sex differences increased abruptly around sexual maturity instead of increasing gradually during organ development. Finally, sex-biased gene expression evolved rapidly at the gene level, with differences between organs in the evolutionary mechanisms used, but more slowly at the cellular level, with the same cell types being sexually dimorphic across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodríguez-Montes
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Xuefei Yuan
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Studer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Sarropoulos
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Suleman MT, Khan YD. PseU-pred: An ensemble model for accurate identification of pseudouridine sites. Anal Biochem 2023:115247. [PMID: 37437648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudouridine (ψ) is reported to occur frequently in all types of RNA. This uridine modification has been shown to be essential for processes such as RNA stability and stress response. Also, it is linked to a few human diseases, such as prostate cancer, anemia, etc. A few laboratory techniques, such as Pseudo-seq and N3-CMC-enriched Pseudouridine sequencing (CeU-Seq) are used for detecting ψ sites. However, these are laborious and drawn-out methods. The convenience of sequencing data has enabled the development of computationally intelligent models for improving ψ site identification methods. The proposed work provides a prediction model for the identification of ψ sites through popular ensemble methods such as stacking, bagging, and boosting. Features were obtained through a novel feature extraction mechanism with the assimilation of statistical moments, which were used to train ensemble models. The cross-validation test and independent set test were used to evaluate the precision of the trained models. The proposed model outperformed the preexisting predictors and revealed 87% accuracy, 0.90 specificity, 0.85 sensitivity, and a 0.75 Matthews correlation coefficient. A web server has been built and is available publicly for the researchers at https://taseersuleman-y-test-pseu-pred-c2wmtj.streamlit.app/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taseer Suleman
- Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Yaser Daanial Khan
- Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
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5
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Wang L, Li J, Xiong Q, Zhou YA, Li P, Wu C. Case Report: A Missense Mutation in Dyskeratosis Congenita 1 Leads to a Benign Form of Dyskeratosis Congenita Syndrome With the Mucocutaneous Triad. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:834268. [PMID: 35463902 PMCID: PMC9019361 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.834268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inheritable disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and mucocutaneous triad (reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and oral leukoplakia). Dyskeratosis congenita 1 (DKC1) is responsible for 4.6% of the DC with an X-linked inheritance pattern. Almost 70 DKC1 variations causing DC have been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. RESULTS Here we described a 14-year-old boy in a Chinese family with a phenotype of abnormal skin pigmentation on the neck, oral leukoplakia, and nail dysplasia in his hands and feet. Genetic analysis and sequencing revealed hemizygosity for a recurrent missense mutation c.1156G > A (p.Ala386Thr) in DKC1 gene. The heterozygous mutation (c.1156G > A) from his mother and wild-type sequence from his father were obtained in the same site of DKC1. This mutation was determined as disease causing based on silico software, but the pathological phenotypes of the proband were milder than previously reported at this position (HGMDCM060959). Homology modeling revealed that the altered amino acid was located near the PUA domain, which might affect the affinity for RNA binding. CONCLUSION This DKC1 mutation (c.1156G > A, p.Ala386Thr) was first reported in a Chinese family with mucocutaneous triad phenotype. Our study reveals the pathogenesis of DKC1 c.1156G > A mutation to DC with a benign phenotype, which expands the disease variation database, the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations, and facilitates the clinical diagnosis of DC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Bluttransfusion, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiuhong Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhou
- Bluttransfusion, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Planas-Cerezales L, Arias-Salgado EG, Berastegui C, Montes-Worboys A, González-Montelongo R, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Vicens-Zygmunt V, Garcia-Moyano M, Dorca J, Flores C, Perona R, Román A, Molina-Molina M. Lung Transplant Improves Survival and Quality of Life Regardless of Telomere Dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695919. [PMID: 34395476 PMCID: PMC8362799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are the first indication for lung transplantation (LT). Telomere dysfunction has been associated with poor post-transplant outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morbi-mortality and quality of life in fibrotic ILDs after lung transplant depending on telomere biology. Methods: Fibrotic ILD patients that underwent lung transplant were allocated to two arms; with or without telomere dysfunction at diagnosis based on the telomere length and telomerase related gene mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing. Post-transplant evaluation included: (1) short and long-term mortality and complications and (2) quality of life. Results: Fifty-five percent of patients that underwent LT carried rare coding mutations in telomerase-related genes. Patients with telomere shortening more frequently needed extracorporeal circulation and presented a higher rate of early post-transplant hematological complications, longer stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), and a higher number of long-term hospital admissions. However, post-transplant 1-year survival was higher than 80% regardless of telomere dysfunction, with improvement in the quality of life and oxygen therapy withdrawal. Conclusions: Post-transplant morbidity is higher in patients with telomere dysfunction and differs according to elapsed time from transplantation. However, lung transplant improves survival and quality of life and the associated complications are manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Planas-Cerezales
- ILD Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Biomedical Research Institute CSIC/UAM, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Berastegui
- Respiratory Department, Institute of Research, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- ILD Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - José M Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vanesa Vicens-Zygmunt
- ILD Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Dorca
- ILD Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Biomedical Research Institute CSIC/UAM, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Román
- Respiratory Department, Institute of Research, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- ILD Multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Merino A, Hoogduijn MJ, Molina-Molina M, Arias-Salgado EG, Korevaar SS, Baan CC, Montes-Worboys A. Membrane particles from mesenchymal stromal cells reduce the expression of fibrotic markers on pulmonary cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248415. [PMID: 33730089 PMCID: PMC7968667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options in which the telomere shortening is a strong predictive factor of poor prognosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) administration is probed in several experimental induced lung pathologies; however, MSC might stimulate fibrotic processes. A therapy that avoids MSC side effects of transformation would be an alternative to the use of living cells. Membranes particles (MP) are nanovesicles artificially generated from the membranes of MSC containing active enzymes involved in ECM regeneration. We aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic role of MP derived from MSC in an in vitro model of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Epithelial cells (A549) and lung fibroblasts, from IPF patients with different telomere length, were co-cultured with MP and TGF-β for 48h and gene expression of major pro-fibrotic markers were analyzed. RESULTS About 90% of both types of cells effectively took up MP without cytotoxic effects. MP decreased the expression of profibrotic proteins such as Col1A1, Fibronectin and PAI-1, in A549 cells. In fibroblasts culture, there was a different response in the inhibitory effect of MP on some pro-fibrotic markers when comparing fibroblast from normal telomere length patients (FN) versus short telomere length (FS), but both types showed an inhibition of Col1A1, Tenascin-c, PAI-1 and MMP-1 gene expression after MP treatment. CONCLUSIONS MP conserve some of the properties attributed to the living MSC. This study shows that MP target lung cells, via which they may have a broad anti-fibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Unit of Interstitial Lung Diseases, Pulmonary Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sander S. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- Unit of Interstitial Lung Diseases, Pulmonary Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Arias-Salgado EG, Galvez E, Planas-Cerezales L, Pintado-Berninches L, Vallespin E, Martinez P, Carrillo J, Iarriccio L, Ruiz-Llobet A, Catalá A, Badell-Serra I, Gonzalez-Granado LI, Martín-Nalda A, Martínez-Gallo M, Galera-Miñarro A, Rodríguez-Vigil C, Bastos-Oreiro M, Perez de Nanclares G, Leiro-Fernández V, Uria ML, Diaz-Heredia C, Valenzuela C, Martín S, López-Muñiz B, Lapunzina P, Sevilla J, Molina-Molina M, Perona R, Sastre L. Genetic analyses of aplastic anemia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with short telomeres, possible implication of DNA-repair genes. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:82. [PMID: 30995915 PMCID: PMC6471801 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures present at the terminal region of the chromosomes. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in telomere maintenance are causative of a number of disorders known as telomeropathies. The genetic origin of these diseases is heterogeneous and has not been determined for a significant proportion of patients. Methods This article describes the genetic characterization of a cohort of patients. Telomere length was determined by Southern blot and quantitative PCR. Nucleotide variants were analyzed either by high-resolution melting analysis and Sanger sequencing of selected exons or by massive sequencing of a panel of genes. Results Forty-seven patients with telomere length below the 10% of normal population, affected with three telomeropathies: dyskeratosis congenita (4), aplastic anemia (22) or pulmonary fibrosis (21) were analyzed. Eighteen of these patients presented known pathogenic or novel possibly pathogenic variants in the telomere-related genes TERT, TERC, RTEL1, CTC1 and ACD. In addition, the analyses of a panel of 188 genes related to haematological disorders indicated that a relevant proportion of the patients (up to 35%) presented rare variants in genes related to DNA repair or in genes coding for proteins involved in the resolution of complex DNA structures, that participate in telomere replication. Mutations in some of these genes are causative of several syndromes previously associated to telomere shortening. Conclusion Novel variants in telomere, DNA repair and replication genes are described that might indicate the contribution of variants in these genes to the development of telomeropathies. Patients carrying variants in telomere-related genes presented worse evolution after diagnosis than the rest of patients analyzed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1046-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Galvez
- Hospital Niño Jesús, Hematología y Hemoterapia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lurdes Planas-Cerezales
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespin
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martinez
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Iarriccio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Llobet
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Catalá
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Martín-Nalda
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Virginia Leiro-Fernández
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, NeumoVigoI+i Research Group, Vigo Biomedical Research Institute (IBIV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Luz Uria
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Diaz-Heredia
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Martín
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Sevilla
- Hospital Niño Jesús, Hematología y Hemoterapia, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Pintado-Berninches L, Fernandez-Varas B, Benitez-Buelga C, Manguan-Garcia C, Serrano-Benitez A, Iarriccio L, Carrillo J, Guenechea G, Egusquiaguirre SP, Pedraz JL, Hernández RM, Igartua M, Arias-Salgado EG, Cortés-Ledesma F, Sastre L, Perona R. GSE4 peptide suppresses oxidative and telomere deficiencies in ataxia telangiectasia patient cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1998-2014. [PMID: 30670828 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene but the mechanisms underlying AT are not completely understood. Key functions of the ATM protein are to sense and regulate cellular redox status and to transduce DNA double-strand break signals to downstream effectors. ATM-deficient cells show increased ROS accumulation, activation of p38 protein kinase, and increased levels of DNA damage. GSE24.2 peptide and a short derivative GSE4 peptide corresponding to an internal domain of Dyskerin have proved to induce telomerase activity, decrease oxidative stress, and protect from DNA damage in dyskeratosis congenita (DC) cells. We have found that expression of GSE24.2 and GSE4 in human AT fibroblast is able to decrease DNA damage, detected by γ-H2A.X and 53BP1 foci. However, GSE24.2/GSE4 expression does not improve double-strand break signaling and repair caused by the lack of ATM activity. In contrast, they cause a decrease in 8-oxoguanine and OGG1-derived lesions, particularly at telomeres and mitochondrial DNA, as well as in reactive oxygen species, in parallel with increased expression of SOD1. These cells also showed lower levels of IL6 and decreased p38 phosphorylation, decreased senescence and increased ability to divide for longer times. Additionally, these cells are more resistant to treatment with H202 and the radiomimetic-drug bleomycin. Finally, we found shorter telomere length (TL) in AT cells, lower levels of TERT expression, and telomerase activity that were also partially reverted by GSE4. These observations suggest that GSE4 may be considered as a new therapy for the treatment of AT that counteracts the cellular effects of high ROS levels generated in AT cells and in addition increases telomerase activity contributing to increased cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Varas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Manguan-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Serrano-Benitez
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia Molecular y Medicina regenerativa (CABIMER) - CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Iarriccio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Guenechea
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana P Egusquiaguirre
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country, School of Pharmacy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country, School of Pharmacy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa M Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country, School of Pharmacy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, University of the Basque Country, School of Pharmacy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia Molecular y Medicina regenerativa (CABIMER) - CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, IDiPaz, C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Vives Corrons JL, Mañú Pereira MDM, Trujillo JP, Surrallés J, Sevilla J. Anemias raras y fallos medulares hereditarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3989/arbor.2018.789n3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Las anemias raras y los fallos medulares hereditarios son enfermedades hematológicas caracterizadas, respectivamente, por una disminución de la concentración de hemoglobina o por diversos grados de defectos en la producción de células hematopoyéticas que conducen desde una citopenia de un solo linaje hasta una de múltiples linajes. Son enfermedades raras y difíciles de diagnosticar debido a la heterogeneidad clínica, citológica y genética. En este artículo abordaremos en primer lugar el diagnóstico de las anemias raras y sus causas principales: fallos medulares, defectos del hematíe y trastornos del metabolismo de los factores de maduración eritrocitario. Seguidamente introduciremos los fallos medulares hereditarios y su patología asociada, como son las malformaciones congénitas y la predisposición tumoral, haciendo especial hincapié en los más frecuentes: la anemia de Fanconi, la disqueratosis congénitca, la anemia de Diamond-Blackfan y el síndrome de Shwachman-Diamond.
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11
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Planas-Cerezales L, Arias-Salgado EG, Buendia-Roldán I, Montes-Worboys A, López CE, Vicens-Zygmunt V, Hernaiz PL, Sanuy RL, Leiro-Fernandez V, Vilarnau EB, Llinás ES, Sargatal JD, Abellón RP, Selman M, Molina-Molina M. Predictive factors and prognostic effect of telomere shortening in pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2018; 24:146-153. [PMID: 30320420 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The abnormal shortening of telomeres is a mechanism linking ageing to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) that could be useful in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to identify the IPF patients with higher risk for telomere shortening and to investigate the outcome implications. METHODS Consecutive Spanish patients were included at diagnosis and followed up for 3 years. DNA blood samples from a Mexican cohort were used to validate the results found in Spanish sporadic IPF. Prior to treatment, telomere length was measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Southern blot. Outcome was assessed according to mortality or need for lung transplantation. A multivariate regression logistic model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Family aggregation, age of <60 years and the presence of non-specific immunological or haematological abnormalities were associated with a higher probability of telomere shortening. Overall, 66.6% of patients younger than 60 years with telomere shortening died or required lung transplantation, independent of functional impairment at diagnosis. By contrast, in patients older than 60 years with telomere shortening, the negative impact of telomere shortening in outcome was not significant. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that young sporadic IPF patients (<60 years) with some non-specific immunological or haematological abnormalities had higher risk of telomere shortening, and furthermore, they presented a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Planas-Cerezales
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivette Buendia-Roldán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", México City, Mexico
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas López
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Vicens-Zygmunt
- Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricio Luburich Hernaiz
- Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar. Servicio Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Llatjós Sanuy
- Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Leiro-Fernandez
- Servicio de Neumología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), Vigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Respiratorio, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Balcells Vilarnau
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Sala Llinás
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jordi Dorca Sargatal
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona Abellón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", México City, Mexico
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Funcional de Intersticio Pulmonar, Servicio Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Novel variants in Nordic patients referred for genetic testing of telomere-related disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:858-867. [PMID: 29483670 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere-related disorders are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by premature telomere shortening and proliferative failure of a variety of tissues. This study reports the spectrum of telomere-related gene variants and telomere length in Nordic patients referred for genetic testing due to suspected telomere-related disorder. We performed Sanger sequencing of the genes TERT, TERC, DKC1, and TINF2 on 135 unrelated index patients and measured telomere length by qPCR on DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 10 index patients, all of which had short telomeres compared to age-matched healthy controls. Six of the 10 variants were novel; three in TERC (n.69_74dupAGGCGC, n.122_125delGCGG, and n.407_408delinsAA) and three in TERT (p.(D684G), p.(R774*), and p.(*1133Wext*39)). The high proportion of novel variants identified in our study highlights the need for solid interpretation of new variants that may be detected. Measurement of telomere length is a useful approach for evaluating pathogenicity of genetic variants associated with telomere-related disorders.
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13
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Carrillo J, Calvete O, Pintado-Berninches L, Manguan-García C, Sevilla Navarro J, Arias-Salgado EG, Sastre L, Guenechea G, López Granados E, de Villartay JP, Revy P, Benitez J, Perona R. Mutations in XLF/NHEJ1/Cernunnos gene results in downregulation of telomerase genes expression and telomere shortening. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1900-1914. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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14
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GSE4, a Small Dyskerin- and GSE24.2-Related Peptide, Induces Telomerase Activity, Cell Proliferation and Reduces DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Cell Senescence in Dyskerin Mutant Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142980. [PMID: 26571381 PMCID: PMC4646510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita is an inherited disease caused by mutations in genes coding for telomeric components. It was previously reported that expression of a dyskerin-derived peptide, GSE24.2, increases telomerase activity, regulates gene expression and decreases DNA damage and oxidative stress in dyskeratosis congenita patient cells. The biological activity of short peptides derived from GSE24.2 was tested and one of them, GSE4, that probed to be active, was further characterized in this article. Expression of this eleven amino acids long peptide increased telomerase activity and reduced DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell senescence in dyskerin-mutated cells. GSE4 expression also activated c-myc and TERT promoters and increase of c-myc, TERT and TERC expression. The level of biological activity of GSE4 was similar to that obtained by GSE24.2 expression. Incorporation of a dyskerin nuclear localization signal to GSE24.2 did not change its activity on promoter regulation and DNA damage protection. However, incorporation of a signal that increases the rate of nucleolar localization impaired GSE24.2 activity. Incorporation of the dyskerin nuclear localization signal to GSE4 did not alter its biological activity. Mutation of the Aspartic Acid residue that is conserved in the pseudouridine synthase domain present in GSE4 did not impair its activity, except for the repression of c-myc promoter activity and the decrease of c-myc, TERT and TERC gene expression in dyskerin-mutated cells. These results indicated that GSE4 could be of great therapeutic interest for treatment of dyskeratosis congenita patients.
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15
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Knocking Down Snrnp200 Initiates Demorphogenesis of Rod Photoreceptors in Zebrafish. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:816329. [PMID: 26137319 PMCID: PMC4469172 DOI: 10.1155/2015/816329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa (SNRNP200) gene is a fundamental component for precursor message RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing and has been implicated in the etiology of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). This study aims to determine the consequences of knocking down Snrnp200 in zebrafish. Methods. Expression of the Snrnp200 transcript in zebrafish was determined via whole mount in situ hybridization. Morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) aiming to knock down the expression of Snrnp200 was injected into zebrafish embryos, followed by analyses of aberrant splicing and expression of the U4/U6-U5 tri-small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) components and retina-specific transcripts. Systemic changes and retinal phenotypes were further characterized by histological study and immunofluorescence staining. Results. Snrnp200 was ubiquitously expressed in zebrafish. Knocking down Snrnp200 in zebrafish triggered aberrant splicing of the cbln1 gene, upregulation of other U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP components, and downregulation of a panel of retina-specific transcripts. Systemic defects were found correlated with knockdown of Snrnp200 in zebrafish. Only demorphogenesis of rod photoreceptors was detected in the initial stage, mimicking the disease characteristics of RP. Conclusions. We conclude that knocking down Snrnp200 in zebrafish could alter regular splicing and expression of a panel of genes, which may eventually trigger rod defects.
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16
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Xing L, Quist TS, Stevenson TJ, Dahlem TJ, Bonkowsky JL. Rapid and efficient zebrafish genotyping using PCR with high-resolution melt analysis. J Vis Exp 2014:e51138. [PMID: 24561516 DOI: 10.3791/51138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for studying development, modeling disease, and performing drug screening. Recently a variety of genetic tools have been introduced, including multiple strategies for inducing mutations and generating transgenic lines. However, large-scale screening is limited by traditional genotyping methods, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here we describe a technique to analyze zebrafish genotypes by PCR combined with high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). This approach is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive, with lower risk of contamination artifacts. Genotyping by PCR with HRMA can be used for embryos or adult fish, including in high-throughput screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Xing
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine; Interdepartmental Program in Neurosciences, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Tyler S Quist
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Tamara J Stevenson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Timothy J Dahlem
- Mutation Generation and Detection Core, HSC Core Research Facility, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine; Interdepartmental Program in Neurosciences, University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine; ;
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17
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Chen X, Liu Y, Sheng X, Tam POS, Zhao K, Chen X, Rong W, Liu Y, Liu X, Pan X, Chen LJ, Zhao Q, Vollrath D, Pang CP, Zhao C. PRPF4 mutations cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2926-39. [PMID: 24419317 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors, exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity. Several genes associated with U4/U6-U5 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-snRNP) complex of the spliceosome have been implicated in autosomal dominant RP (adRP). HPrp4, encoded by PRPF4, regulates the stability of U4/U6 di-snRNP, which is essential for continuous splicing. Here, we identified two heterozygous variants in PRPF4, including c.-114_-97del in a simplex RP patient and c.C944T (p.Pro315Leu), which co-segregates with disease phenotype in a family with adRP. Both variants were absent in 400 unrelated controls. The c.-114_-97del, predicted to affect two transcription factor binding sites, was shown to down-regulate the promoter activity of PRPF4 by a luciferase assay, and was associated with a significant reduction of PRPF4 expression in the blood cells of the patient. In fibroblasts from an affected individual with the p.Pro315Leu variant, the expression levels of several tri-snRNP components, including PRPF4 itself, were up-regulated, with altered expression pattern of SC35, a spliceosome marker. The same alterations were also observed in cells over expressing hPrp4(Pro315Leu), suggesting that they arose as a compensatory response to a compromised splicing mechanism caused by hPrp4 dysfunction. Further, over expression of hPrp4(Pro315Leu), but not hPrp4(WT), triggered systemic deformities in wild-type zebrafish embryos with the retina primarily affected, and dramatically augmented death rates in morphant embryos, in which orthologous zebrafish prpf4 gene was silenced. We conclude that mutations of PRPF4 cause RP via haploinsufficiency and dominant-negative effects, and establish PRPF4 as a new U4/U6-U5 snRNP component associated with adRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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18
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Carrillo J, González A, Manguán-García C, Pintado-Berninches L, Perona R. p53 pathway activation by telomere attrition in X-DC primary fibroblasts occurs in the absence of ribosome biogenesis failure and as a consequence of DNA damage. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:529-38. [PMID: 24065372 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with high clinical heterogeneity. Various mutations have been reported in DC patients, affecting genes that code for components of H/ACA ribonucleoproteins, proteins of the telomerase complex and components of the shelterin complex. OBJECTIVES We aim to clarify the role of ribosome biogenesis failure in senescence induction in X-DC since some studies in animal models have reported a decrease in ribosome biogenesis as a major role in the disease. METHODS Dyskerin was depleted in normal human fibroblasts by expressing two DKC1 shRNAs. Common changes in gene expression profile between these dyskerin-depleted cells and X-DC fibroblasts were analyzed. RESULTS Dyskerin depletion induced early activation of the p53 pathway probably secondary to ribosome biogenesis failure. However, the p53 pathway in the fibroblasts from X-DC patients was activated only after an equivalent number of passes to AD-DC fibroblasts, in which telomere attrition in each division rendered shorter telomeres than control fibroblasts. Indeed, no induction of DNA damage was observed in dyskerin-depleted fibroblasts in contrast to X-DC or AD-DC fibroblasts suggesting that DNA damage induced by telomere attrition is responsible for p53 activation in X-DC and AD-DC fibroblasts. Moreover, p53 depletion in senescent DC fibroblasts rescued their proliferative capacity and reverted the morphological changes produced after prolonged culture. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ribosome biogenesis do not seem to play an important role in dyskeratosis congenita, conversely increasing DNA damage and activation of p53 pathway triggered by telomere shortening is the main activator of cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz (Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics Group), C/Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Anasagasti A, Irigoyen C, Barandika O, López de Munain A, Ruiz-Ederra J. Current mutation discovery approaches in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Vision Res 2012; 75:117-29. [PMID: 23022136 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With a worldwide prevalence of about 1 in 3500-5000 individuals, Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of hereditary retinal degeneration. It is an extremely heterogeneous group of genetically determined retinal diseases leading to progressive loss of vision due to impairment of rod and cone photoreceptors. RP can be inherited as an autosomal-recessive, autosomal-dominant, or X-linked trait. Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as digenic, maternal (mitochondrial) or compound heterozygosity have also been reported. To date, more than 65 genes have been implicated in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of RP, which account for only about 60% of all RP cases. Due to this high heterogeneity and diversity of inheritance patterns, the molecular diagnosis of syndromic and non-syndromic RP is very challenging, and the heritability of 40% of total RP cases worldwide remains unknown. However new sequencing methodologies, boosted by the human genome project, have contributed to exponential plummeting in sequencing costs, thereby making it feasible to include molecular testing for RP patients in routine clinical practice within the coming years. Here, we summarize the most widely used state-of-the-art technologies currently applied for the molecular diagnosis of RP, and address their strengths and weaknesses for the molecular diagnosis of such a complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Anasagasti
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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