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Carpéné C, Viana P, Fontaine J, Laurell H, Grolleau JL. Multiple Direct Effects of the Dietary Protoalkaloid N-Methyltyramine in Human Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153118. [PMID: 35956295 PMCID: PMC9370673 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary amines have been the subject of a novel interest in nutrition since the discovery of trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), especially TAAR-1, which recognizes tyramine, phenethylamine, tryptamine, octopamine, N-methyltyramine (NMT), synephrine, amphetamine and related derivatives. Alongside the psychostimulant properties of TAAR-1 ligands, it is their ephedrine-like action on weight loss that drives their current consumption via dietary supplements advertised for ‘fat-burning’ properties. Among these trace amines, tyramine has recently been described, at high doses, to exhibit an antilipolytic action and activation of glucose transport in human adipocytes, i.e., effects that are facilitating lipid storage rather than mobilization. Because of its close structural similarity to tyramine, NMT actions on human adipocytes therefore must to be reevaluated. To this aim, we studied the lipolytic and antilipolytic properties of NMT together with its interplay with insulin stimulation of glucose transport along with amine oxidase activities in adipose cells obtained from women undergoing abdominal surgery. NMT activated 2-deoxyglucose uptake when incubated with freshly isolated adipocytes at 0.01–1 mM, reaching one-third of the maximal stimulation by insulin. However, when combined with insulin, NMT limited by half the action of the lipogenic hormone on glucose transport. The NMT-induced stimulation of hexose uptake was sensitive to inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), as was the case for tyramine and benzylamine. All three amines inhibited isoprenaline-induced lipolysis to a greater extent than insulin, while they were poorly lipolytic on their own. All three amines—but not isoprenaline—interacted with MAO or SSAO. Due to these multiple effects on human adipocytes, NMT cannot be considered as a direct lipolytic agent, potentially able to improve lipid mobilization and fat oxidation in consumers of NMT-containing dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1297), I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (P.V.); (J.F.); (H.L.)
- CHU Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Pénélope Viana
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1297), I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (P.V.); (J.F.); (H.L.)
- CHU Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1297), I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (P.V.); (J.F.); (H.L.)
- CHU Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1297), I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (P.V.); (J.F.); (H.L.)
- CHU Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
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Mechanisms of the antilipolytic response of human adipocytes to tyramine, a trace amine present in food. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:623-633. [PMID: 30039351 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tyramine is found in foodstuffs, the richest being cheeses, sausages, and wines. Tyramine has been recognized to release catecholamines from nerve endings and to trigger hypertensive reaction. Thereby, tyramine-free diet is recommended for depressed patients treated with irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) to limit the risk of hypertension. Tyramine is a substrate of amine oxidases and also an agonist at trace amine-associated receptors. Our aim was to characterize the dose-dependent effects of tyramine on human adipocyte metabolic functions. Lipolytic activity was determined in adipocytes from human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Glycerol release was increased by a fourfold factor with classical lipolytic agents (1 μM isoprenaline, 1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine) while the amine was ineffective from 0.01 to 100 μM and hardly stimulatory at 1 mM. Tyramine exhibited a partial antilipolytic effect at 100 μM and 1 mM, which was similar to that of insulin but weaker than that obtained with agonists at purinergic A1 receptors, α2-adrenoceptors, or nicotinic acid receptors. Gi-protein blockade by Pertussis toxin abolished all these antilipolytic responses save that of tyramine. Indeed, tyramine antilipolytic effect was impaired by MAO-A inhibition. Tyramine inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase activities in a manner sensitive to ascorbic acid and amine oxidase inhibitors. Thus, millimolar tyramine restrained lipolysis via the hydrogen peroxide it generates when oxidized by MAO. Since tyramine plasma levels have been reported to reach 0.2 μM after ingestion of 200 mg tyramine in healthy individuals, the direct effects we observed in vitro on adipocytes could be nutritionally relevant only when the MAO-dependent hepato-intestinal detoxifying system is overpassed.
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Les F, Iffiú-Soltész Z, Mercarder J, Carpéné C. Tyramine activates lipid accumulation in rat adipocytes: influences of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> administration. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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High intake of dietary tyramine does not deteriorate glucose handling and does not cause adverse cardiovascular effects in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 72:539-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Adams F, Boschmann M, Lobsien E, Kupsch A, Lipp A, Franke G, Leisse MC, Janke J, Gottschalk S, Spranger J, Jordan J. Influences of levodopa on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:863-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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