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Dadashi M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Anjam-Najmedini A, Bashash D. Synergistic Effects of PI3K Inhibition on Arsenic Trioxide Cytotoxicity in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells: A New Portrait of Idelalisib as an Adjuvant Therapy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:208-219. [PMID: 37006983 PMCID: PMC10064366 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the components of oncogenic signaling pathways has revolutionized cancer treatment, where the pharmacological approaches have gone from an era of non-specific chemotherapeutic drugs to the golden age of targeted therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic value of an isoform-specific inhibitor of PI3K (Idelalisib) in potentiating the anti-leukemic effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO), an eminent drug used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We found that the abrogation of the PI3K axis profoundly reinforced the anti-leukemic effects of the lower concentrations of ATO, as revealed by the superior reduction in the viability, cell number, and metabolic activity of APL-derived NB4 cells as compared to either agent alone. The cytotoxic effect of Idelalisib in combination with ATO was probably mediated through suppression of c-Myc that was coupled with the elevation in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species and induction of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Notably, our results showed that the suppression of autophagy reinforced the ability of the drugs in eradicating the leukemic cells, suggesting that the compensatory activation of this system may probably overshadow the success of Idelalisib-plus-ATO in APL cells. All in all and given the significant efficacy of Idelalisib against NB4 cells, we proposed the application of this PI3K inhibitor as a foreseeable approach with a safe profile in the treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadashi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anjam-Najmedini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Wang R, Li Y, Gao J, Luan Y. WRQ-2, a gemcitabine prodrug, reverses gemcitabine resistance caused by hENT1 inhibition. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:286-292. [PMID: 36529509 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is widely used in the clinic as a first-line antitumor agent. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance hinders its wide clinical application. In this study, a gemcitabine prodrug nominated as WRQ-2 was designed and synthesized by conjugating gemcitabine with the indole-3-methanol analogue OSU-A9 through a carbamate linkage. WRQ-2 exhibited high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, MDA-MB-231, HuH-7, MGC-803, and HCT-116) with IC50 values in low micromolar range. WRQ-2 reversed the resistance of HeLa cells to gemcitabine caused by hENT1 inhibition. Compared to gemcitabine, WRQ-2 induced a higher degree of DNA damage and apoptosis in the presence of hENT1 inhibitor. Our study suggests that compound WRQ-2 is a potential gemcitabine prodrug and worth of further antitumor activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruquan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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3
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Lee JY, Lim HM, Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells through activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2099-2112. [PMID: 34085558 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical that exhibits growth-inhibitory activity against various cancer cells. However, there are limited studies on the effects of I3C on colon cancer cells. In this study, the growth-inhibitory activity of I3C against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (LoVo) was examined. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and cell counting assays revealed that I3C suppressed the proliferation of LoVo cells. Microscopy and wound-healing analyses revealed that I3C affected the morphology and inhibited the migration of LoVo cells, respectively. I3C induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation as evidenced by the results of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay, respectively. Additionally, I3C arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and enhanced the reactive oxygen species levels. Western blotting analysis revealed that treatment with I3C resulted in the activation of apoptotic proteins, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, Bax, Bim, and p53 in LoVo cells. These results indicate that I3C induces apoptosis in LoVo cells by upregulating p53, leading to the activation of Bax and caspases. Taken together, I3C exerts cytotoxic effects on LoVo cells by activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Lim
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Bio&Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Park
- Department of Bio&Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Nam
- Department of Biological Science, 65440Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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The Anti-Leukemic Activity of Natural Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092709. [PMID: 34063044 PMCID: PMC8124534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biologically active compounds has become a realistic option for the treatment of malignant tumors due to their cost-effectiveness and safety. In this review, we aimed to highlight the main natural biocompounds that target leukemic cells, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their therapeutic potential in the treatment of leukemia: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It provides a basis for researchers and hematologists in improving basic and clinical research on the development of new alternative therapies in the fight against leukemia, a harmful hematological cancer and the leading cause of death among patients.
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[1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals by suppressing the P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels and Ca 2+/calmodulin/protein kinase A pathway. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104845. [PMID: 32911011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been proposed to exhibit neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the I3C derivative [1(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol (CIM), which has superior pharmacokinetic properties to I3C, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). We observed that CIM dose-dependently inhibited glutamate release evoked by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was attributed to reduced exocytosis, as it correlated with the removal of extracellular calcium and blocking of the vesicular glutamate transporter but not the glutamate transporter. In addition, CIM decreased 4-AP-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ elevation; however, it did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibition of P/Q-typeCa2+ channels abolished the effect of CIM on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release, and the effect was not prevented by intracellular Ca2+ release inhibitors. Moreover, the molecular docking study showed that CIM exhibited the highest binding affinity with the P/Q-type Ca2+channels. Finally, the CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was sensitive to calmodulin, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Based on these results, we propose that CIM, through the direct suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreases Ca2+ influx and the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin/AC/PKA signaling, thereby inhibiting glutamate release. This finding is crucial for understanding the role of CIM in the central nervous system and for exploiting its potential in therapeutic interventions.
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Chiu CF, Weng JR, Lee SL, Wu CY, Chu PC, Shan YS, Yang HR, Bai LY. OSU-A9 induced-reactive oxygen species cause cytotoxicity in duodenal and gastric cancer cells by decreasing phosphorylated nuclear pyruvate kinase M2 protein levels. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Karimabad MN, Mahmoodi M, Jafarzadeh A, Darekordi A, Hajizadeh MR, Hassanshahi G. Molecular Targets, Anti-cancer Properties and Potency of Synthetic Indole-3-carbinol Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:540-554. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181116120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The indole-3-carbinol (I3C) displays anti-cancer/proliferative activities against human cancer cells. Cellular proliferation is an event associated with the progress and its continuation. This manifest is described by variation in expression and/or functions of genes that are related with cell cycle relevant proteins. The constitutive activation of several signal transduction pathways stimulates cells proliferation as well. The immediate stages in cancer development are accompanied by a fibrogenic response and the progression of the hypoxic environment is in favor of survival and proliferatory functions of cancer stem cells. A main part for prevention of in cancer cells death may manifest through altering cell metabolism. Cellular proliferation and metastasis are reported to be supported with increased generation of responsible hormones (in hormone dependent malignancies), and further promotion the angiogenesis, with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This may be facilitated by progression of autophagy phenomenon, as well as via taking cues from neighboring stromal cells. Several signaling pathways in association with various factors specific for cellular viability, including hypoxia inducible factor 1, NF-κB, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1), phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, Wnt, cell cycle related protein, with androgen and estrogen receptor signaling are reported to be inhibited by I3C. These evidences, in association with bioinformatics data represent very important information for describing signaling pathways in parallel with molecular targets that may serve as markers for early diagnosis and/or critical targets for designing and development of novel therapeutic regimes alone or combined with drugs, to prevent tumor formation and further progression. In particular, I3C and DIM have been extensively investigated for their importance against numbers human cancers both in vitro and in vivo. We aimed the present manuscript, current study, to review anticancer properties and the miscellaneous mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenicity in an in-depth study for broadening the I3C treating marvel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Darekordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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8
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1-Methyl-3-{4-[(4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)benzyl]}-2-phenylindole. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1-methyl-3-{4-[(4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)benzyl]}-2-phenylindole compound has been successfully synthesized via a multistep pathway starting from 2-phenylindole. Structure characterization of this new indole derivative was done by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectral analysis. The title compound showed high cytotoxic potential against five leukemia cell lines (K562, HL60, U937, U266, and Jurkat cell lines).
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9
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Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Anticarcinogenic effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU449 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:136-147. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118785235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, contain indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is a known anticarcinogen. However, the anticarcinogenic effects of I3C on liver cancer have not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effects of I3C in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SNU449 cells. The results of MTT and WST-1 assays indicated that treatment of SNU449 cells with I3C decreased viability in dose- and time-dependent manners, while colony formation assays indicated that I3C also inhibited proliferation of SNU449 cells. Moreover, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that I3C induced apoptosis in SNU449 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling revealed that I3C induced DNA fragmentation in SNU449 cells in a time-dependent manner, while Western blotting showed that apoptotic proteins such as p53, cleaved PARP, caspase-3, and caspase-7 were activated in SNU449 cells following treatment with I3C. Finally, reactive oxygen species-related protein peroxiredoxin-1 and thioredoxin-1 expression decreased in I3C-treated SNU449 cells. The aim of our study is to investigate the unknown mechanisms responsible for the apoptotic effects of I3C on human HCC SNU449 cells, and the results suggest that I3C may be useful for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MJ Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee CM, Choi YJ, Park SH, Nam MJ. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:119-130. [PMID: 29746934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Tsai WC, Bai LY, Chen YJ, Chu PC, Hsu YW, Sargeant AM, Weng JR. OSU-A9 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell lines by modulating p38-JAK-STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29233-29246. [PMID: 28418923 PMCID: PMC5438726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Since there is a dire need for novel and effective therapies to improve the poor survival rates of advanced pancreatic cancer patients, we analyzed the antitumor effects of OSU-A9, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, on pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. OSU-A9 exhibited a stronger antitumor effect than gemcitabine on two pancreatic cancer cell lines, including gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 cells. OSU-A9 treatment induced apoptosis, the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation and decreased phosphorylation of JAK and STAT3. Cell migration and invasiveness assays showed that OSU-A9 reduced cancer cell aggressiveness and inhibited BxPC-3 xenograft growth in nude mice. These results suggest that OSU-A9 modulates the p38-JAK-STAT3 signaling module, thereby inducing cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Continued evaluation of OSU-A9 as a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer thus appears warrented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71745, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Sargeant
- Charles River Laboratories, Safety Assessment, Spencerville, OH 45887, USA
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Kundu A, Khouri MG, Aryana S, Firestone GL. 1-Benzyl-indole-3-carbinol is a highly potent new small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma cells that coordinately inhibits cell proliferation and disrupts expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform-M. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1207-1217. [PMID: 29028954 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Benzyl-indole-3-carbinol (1-benzyl-I3C), a synthetic analogue of the crucifer-derived natural phytochemical I3C, displayed significantly wider sensitivity and anti-proliferative potency in melanoma cells than the natural compound. Unlike I3C, which targets mainly oncogenic BRAF-expressing cells, 1-benzyl-I3C effectively inhibited proliferation of melanoma cells with a more extensive range of mutational profiles, including those expressing wild-type BRAF. In both cultured melanoma cell lines and in vivo in melanoma cell-derived tumor xenografts, 1-benzyl-I3C disrupted canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling that resulted in the downregulation of β-catenin protein levels with a concomitant increase in levels of the β-catenin destruction complex components such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Axin. Concurrent with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, 1-benzyl-I3C strongly downregulated expression of the melanoma master regulator, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform-M (MITF-M) by inhibiting promoter activity through the consensus lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF-1)/T-cell transcription factor (TCF) DNA-binding site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 1-benzyl-I3C downregulated interactions of endogenous LEF-1 with the MITF-M promoter. 1-Benzyl-I3C ablated Wnt-activated LEF-1-dependent reporter gene activity in a TOP FLASH assay that was rescued by expression of a constitutively active form of the Wnt co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP6), indicating that 1-benzyl-I3C disrupts Wnt/β-catenin signaling at or upstream of LRP6. In oncogenic BRAF-expressing melanoma cells, combinations of 1-benzyl-I3C and Vemurafenib, a clinically employed BRAF inhibitor, showed strong anti-proliferative effects. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that 1-benzyl-I3C represents a new and highly potent indolecarbinol-based small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that has intriguing translational potential, alone or in combination with other anti-cancer agents, to treat human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Kundu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, USA
| | - Michelle G Khouri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, USA
| | - Sheila Aryana
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, USA
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Mohammadi S, Seyedhosseini FS, Behnampour N, Yazdani Y. Indole-3-carbinol induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in THP-1 monocytic cell line. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:506-514. [PMID: 28812970 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1360351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in carcinogenesis has been studied recently. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is an AhR agonist and a potential anticancer agent. Here, we investigated the effects of I3C on cell cycle progression and apoptosis through activation of AhR on THP-1 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line. METHODS MTT viability assay was used to measure the cytotoxic effects of I3C on THP-1 cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle assays were investigated using flow cytometry. Real time RT-PCR was conducted to measure the alterations in the expression of AhR gene, key genes associated with AhR activation (IL1β and CYP1A1) and major genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis including P27, P21, CDK2, P53, BCL2 and FasR. RESULTS Our findings revealed that I3C inhibits the proliferation of THP-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with minimal toxicity over normal monocytes. The AhR target genes (CYP1A1, IL1β) were overexpressed upon I3C treatment (p < .05 to p < .001). The antiproliferative effects of I3C were in association with programed cell death. I3C downregulated BCL2 and upregulated FasR in THP-1 cells (p < .05 to p < .001). G1 cell cycle arrest was also observed using flow cytometry. G1-acting cell cycle genes (P21, P27 and P53) were overexpressed (p < .05 to p < .001), while CDK2 was downregulated upon I3C treatment (p < .01 to p < .001). CONCLUSIONS I3C could exert its antileukemic effects through AhR activation which is associated with programed cell death and G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, AhR could be targeted as a novel treatment possibility in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- a Student Research Committee, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Fakhri Sadat Seyedhosseini
- b Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center , Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Nasser Behnampour
- c Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health , Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- b Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center , Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan , Iran
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14
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Karimabad MN, Falahati-Pour SK, Hassanshahi G, Koochakzadeh L. WITHDRAWN: The anti-cancer properties in parallel with toxic effects of indole-3-carbinol derivatives. Immunol Lett 2017:S0165-2478(17)30138-4. [PMID: 28851630 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Lili Koochakzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Safa M, Jafari L, Alikarami F, Manafi Shabestari R, Kazemi A. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through suppression of STAT5 and Akt signaling pathways. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631564 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and Akt pathways, implicated in signaling transduction downstream of BCR-ABL, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Therefore, idenication of novel compounds that modulate the activity of such pathways could be a new approach in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of various tumor cells. However, its anticancer activity against chronic myeloid leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Our data revealed that indole-3-carbinol promoted mitochondrial apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia-derived K562 cells, as evidenced by the activation of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Treatment with indole-3-carbinol was found to be associated with a decrease in the cellular levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the downregulation of genes is regulated by Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. We also found that treatment with indole-3-carbinol resulted in the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced expression of human telomerase and c-Myc. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 5/Akt pathway is a cellular target for indole-3-carbinol in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Thus, this clinically tested natural compound can be a potential candidate in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia following confirmation with clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Safa
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rima Manafi Shabestari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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FTY720 Induces Autophagy-Associated Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells, in Part, through a Reactive Oxygen Species/Mcl-1-Dependent Mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5600. [PMID: 28717222 PMCID: PMC5514089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we interrogated the mechanism by which the immunosuppressant FTY720 mediates anticancer effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. FTY720 differentially suppressed the viability of the OSCC cell lines SCC4, SCC25, and SCC2095 with IC50 values of 6.1, 6.3, and 4.5 μM, respectively. This antiproliferative effect was attributable to the ability of FTY720 to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistic evidence suggests that FTY720-induced apoptosis was associated with its ability to inhibit Akt-NF-κB signaling, to facilitate the proteasomal degradation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, and to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Both overexpression of Mcl-1 and inhibition of ROS partially protected cells from FTY720-induced caspase-9 activation, PARP cleavage and cytotoxicity. In addition, FTY720 induced autophagy in OSCC cells, as manifested by LC3B-II conversion, decreased p62 expression, and accumulation of autophagosomes. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 protected cells from FTY720-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest an intricate interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in mediating the tumor-suppressive effect in OSCC cells, which underlies the translational potential of FTY720 in fostering new therapeutic strategies for OSCC.
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17
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Siqueira RP, Barros MVDA, Barbosa ÉDAA, Onofre TS, Gonçalves VHS, Pereira HS, Silva Júnior A, de Oliveira LL, Almeida MR, Fietto JLR, Teixeira RR, Bressan GC. Trifluoromethyl arylamides with antileukemia effect and intracellular inhibitory activity over serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPKs). Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:97-109. [PMID: 28407594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPKs) have frequently been found with altered activity in a number of cancers, suggesting they could serve as potential therapeutic targets in oncology. Here we describe the synthesis of a series of twenty-two trifluoromethyl arylamides based on the known SRPKs inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide (SRPIN340) and the evaluation of their antileukemia effects. Some derivatives presented superior cytotoxic effects against myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines compared to SRPIN340. In particular, compounds 24, 30, and 36 presented IC50 values ranging between 6.0 and 35.7 μM. In addition, these three compounds were able to trigger apoptosis and autophagy, and to exhibit synergistic effects with the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine. Furthermore, compound 30 was more efficient than SRPIN340 in impairing the intracellular phosphorylation status of SR proteins as well as the expression of MAP2K1, MAP2K2, VEGF, and RON oncogenic isoforms. Therefore, novel compounds with increased intracellular effects against SRPK activity were obtained, contributing to medicinal chemistry efforts towards the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Souza Onofre
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Higor Sette Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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18
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TGFβ promotes mesenchymal phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells, in part, through epigenetic activation of VAV1. Oncogene 2016; 36:2202-2214. [PMID: 27893715 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly homeostasis-resistant nature of cancer cells leads to their escape from treatment and to liver metastasis, which in turn makes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) difficult to treat, especially the squamous/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like subtype. As the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour heterogeneity remain elusive, we investigated whether epigenetic regulation might explain inter-individual differences in the progression of specific subtypes. DNA methylation profiling performed on cancer tissues prior to chemo/radiotherapy identified one hypermethylated CpG site (CpG6882469) in the VAV1 gene body that was correlated with demethylation of two promoter CpGs (CpG6772370/CpG6772811) in both PDAC and peripheral blood. Transforming growth factor β treatment induced gene-body hypermethylation, dissociation of DNMT1 from the promoter, and VAV1 expression via SMAD4 and mutant KrasG12D. Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ-VAV1 signalling decreased the squamous/EMT-like cancer cells, promoted nuclear VAV1 localization, and enhanced the efficacy of gemcitabine in prolonging the survival of KPfl/flC mice. Together, the three VAV1 CpGs serve as biomarkers for prognosis and early detection, and the TGFβ-VAV1 axis represents a therapeutic target.
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19
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Chiu CF, Weng JR, Jadhav A, Wu CY, Sargeant AM, Bai LY. T315 Decreases Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Viability through a Combination of Apoptosis Induction and Autophagic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081337. [PMID: 27537872 PMCID: PMC5000734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T315, an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, has been shown to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer, stomach cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here we demonstrate that T315 decreases cell viability of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (HL-60 and THP-1) and primary leukemia cells from AML patients in a dose-responsive manner. Normal human bone marrow cells are less sensitive than leukemia cells to T315. T315 down regulates protein kinase B (Akt) and p-Akt and induces caspase activation, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, apoptosis and autophagy through an ILK-independent manner. Interestingly, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors rescues cells from apoptosis and concomitant PARP cleavage, which implicates a key role of autophagic cell death in T315-mediated cytotoxicity. T315 also demonstrates efficacy in vivo, suppressing the growth of THP-1 xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice when administered intraperitoneally. This study shows that autophagic cell death and apoptosis cooperatively contribute to the anticancer activity of T315 in AML cells. In conclusion, the complementary roles of apoptotic and autophagic cell death should be considered in the future assessment of the translational value of T315 in AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fang Chiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Appaso Jadhav
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Chia-Yung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Aaron M Sargeant
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Spencerville, OH 45887, USA.
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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20
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Wu CH, Bai LY, Tsai MH, Chu PC, Chiu CF, Chen MY, Chiu SJ, Chiang JH, Weng JR. Pharmacological exploitation of the phenothiazine antipsychotics to develop novel antitumor agents-A drug repurposing strategy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27540. [PMID: 27277973 PMCID: PMC4899727 DOI: 10.1038/srep27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) have been used for the antipsychotic drugs for centuries. However, some of these PTZs have been reported to exhibit antitumor effects by targeting various signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study was aimed at exploiting trifluoperazine, one of PTZs, to develop potent antitumor agents. This effort culminated in A4 [10-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazine] which exhibited multi-fold higher apoptosis-inducing activity than the parent compound in oral cancer cells. Compared to trifluoperazine, A4 demonstrated similar regulation on the phosphorylation or expression of multiple molecular targets including Akt, p38, and ERK. In addition, A4 induced autophagy, as evidenced by increased expression of the autophagy biomarkers LC3B-II and Atg5, and autophagosomes formation. The antitumor activity of A4 also related to production of reactive oxygen species and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Importantly, the antitumor utility of A4 was extended in vivo as it, administrated at 10 and 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, suppressed the growth of Ca922 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, the ability of A4 to target diverse aspects of cancer cell growth suggests its value in oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fang Chiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yuanchien Chen
- Department of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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21
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A triterpenoid from wild bitter gourd inhibits breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22419. [PMID: 26926586 PMCID: PMC4772478 DOI: 10.1038/srep22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (TCD), a triterpenoid isolated from wild bitter gourd, in breast cancer cells was investigated. TCD suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 values at 72 h of 19 and 23 μM, respectively, via a PPARγ−independent manner. TCD induced cell apoptosis accompanied with pleiotrophic biological modulations including down-regulation of Akt-NF-κB signaling, up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53, increased reactive oxygen species generation, inhibition of histone deacetylases protein expression, and cytoprotective autophagy. Together, these findings provided the translational value of TCD and wild bitter gourd as an antitumor agent for patients with breast cancer.
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22
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Bai LY, Chiu CF, Kapuriya NP, Shieh TM, Tsai YC, Wu CY, Sargeant AM, Weng JR. BX795, a TBK1 inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma through apoptosis induction and mitotic phase arrest. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Electrosprayed poly(butylene succinate) microspheres loaded with indole derivatives: A system with anticancer activity. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Harrison ME, Power Coombs MR, Delaney LM, Hoskin DW. Exposure of breast cancer cells to a subcytotoxic dose of apigenin causes growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and hypophosphorylation of Akt. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Aronchik I, Kundu A, Quirit JG, Firestone GL. The antiproliferative response of indole-3-carbinol in human melanoma cells is triggered by an interaction with NEDD4-1 and disruption of wild-type PTEN degradation. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1621-1634. [PMID: 25009292 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human melanoma cells displaying distinct PTEN genotypes were used to assess the cellular role of this important tumor-suppressor protein in the antiproliferative response induced by the chemopreventative agent indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural indolecarbinol compound derived from the breakdown of glucobrassicin produced in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and Brussels sprouts. I3C induced a G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by stabilization of PTEN in human melanoma cells that express wild-type PTEN, but not in cells with mutant or null PTEN genotypes. Importantly, normal human epidermal melanocytes were unaffected by I3C treatment. In wild-type PTEN-expressing melanoma xenografts, formed in athymic mice, I3C inhibited the in vivo tumor growth rate and increased PTEN protein levels in the residual tumors. Mechanistically, I3C disrupted the ubiquitination of PTEN by NEDD4-1 (NEDD4), which prevented the proteasome-mediated degradation of PTEN without altering its transcript levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PTEN prevented the I3C-induced apoptotic response, whereas knockdown of NEDD4-1 mimicked the I3C apoptotic response, stabilized PTEN protein levels, and downregulated phosphorylated AKT-1 levels. Co-knockdown of PTEN and NEDD4-1 revealed that I3C-regulated apoptotic signaling through NEDD4-1 requires the presence of the wild-type PTEN protein. Finally, in silico structural modeling, in combination with isothermal titration calorimetry analysis, demonstrated that I3C directly interacts with purified NEDD4-1 protein. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies NEDD4-1 as a new I3C target protein, and that the I3C disruption of NEDD4-1 ubiquitination activity triggers the stabilization of the wild-type PTEN tumor suppressor to induce an antiproliferative response in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1621-34. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Aronchik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and The Cancer Research Laboratory, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200
| | - Aishwarya Kundu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and The Cancer Research Laboratory, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200
| | - Jeanne G Quirit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and The Cancer Research Laboratory, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200
| | - Gary L Firestone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and The Cancer Research Laboratory, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200
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