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Hutka B, Várallyay A, László SB, Tóth AS, Scheich B, Paku S, Vörös I, Pós Z, Varga ZV, Norman DD, Balogh A, Benyó Z, Tigyi G, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. A dual role of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2) in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mouse enteropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:339-353. [PMID: 37816857 PMCID: PMC10789874 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid mediator that has been found to ameliorate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric injury by acting on lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2). In this study, we investigated whether LPAR2 signaling was implicated in the development of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (enteropathy), another major complication of NSAID use. Wild-type (WT) and Lpar2 deficient (Lpar2-/-) mice were treated with a single, large dose (20 or 30 mg/kg, i.g.) of indomethacin (IND). The mice were euthanized at 6 or 24 h after IND treatment. We showed that IND-induced mucosal enteropathy and neutrophil recruitment occurred much earlier (at 6 h after IND treatment) in Lpar2-/- mice compared to WT mice, but the tissue levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible COX-2, CAMP) remained at much lower levels. Administration of a selective LPAR2 agonist DBIBB (1, 10 mg/kg, i.g., twice at 24 h and 30 min before IND treatment) dose-dependently reduced mucosal injury and neutrophil activation in enteropathy, but it also enhanced IND-induced elevation of several proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. By assessing caspase-3 activation, we found significantly increased intestinal apoptosis in IND-treated Lpar2-/- mice, but it was attenuated after DBIBB administration, especially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Finally, we showed that IND treatment reduced the plasma activity and expression of autotaxin (ATX), the main LPA-producing enzyme, and also reduced the intestinal expression of Lpar2 mRNA, which preceded the development of mucosal damage. We conclude that LPAR2 has a dual role in NSAID enteropathy, as it contributes to the maintenance of mucosal integrity after NSAID exposure, but also orchestrates the inflammatory responses associated with ulceration. Our study suggests that IND-induced inhibition of the ATX-LPAR2 axis is an early event in the pathogenesis of enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Várallyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Luan F, Rao Z, Peng L, Lei Z, Zeng J, Peng X, Yang R, Liu R, Zeng N. Cinnamic acid preserves against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154047. [PMID: 35320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamic acid (CA) is an active organic acid compound extracted from Cinnamomi ramulus that has various biological activities. There is growing studies have shown that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome significantly contributes to sterile inflammatory response and pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). However, whether CA has any influence on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis during MI/RI are not fully elucidated. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis were involved in the cardioprotective effect of CA against MI/RI. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administered either with CA (75 and 150 mg/kg, daily) or vehicle for 7 successive days prior to ligation of coronary artery, and then rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min to evoke MI/RI. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that CA could significantly improve cardiac diastolic function, decrease cardiac infarct size and myocardial injury enzymes, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, attenuate cardiac structure abnormality, and mitigate oxidative stress and inflammatory response. We also found that MI/RI activate NLRP3 inflammasome as evidenced by the upregulation levels of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, and ASC proteins and mRNA. More importantly, MI/RI trigger pyroptosis as indicated by increased DNA fragmentation, membrane pore formation, and mitochondrial swelling as well as increased levels of pyroptosis-related proteins and mRNA, including GSDMD, N-GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β. As expected, all these deleterious alterations were prominently reversed by CA pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CA effectively protected cardiomyocytes against MI/RI by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway, and it is worthy of more investigations for its therapeutic potential for extenuating ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Zhili Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ziqin Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals the Biomarker Genes in the Progression of Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2045619. [PMID: 35463659 PMCID: PMC9020924 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2045619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cardiac injury induced by myocardial ischemic reperfusion (MI/R) is still an intractable question in clinical, and it has been confirmed as a major reason for the development of cardiovascular disease. Bioinformatics analysis has been widely used for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of diseases. This study attempted to identify the biomarkers and reveal the regulation mechanism of MI/R injury via bioinformatics analysis. Methods The GSE67308 and GSE74951 were obtained from the GEO database. The datasets were analyzed with GEO2R tool, and the genes with |logFC| > 2 and p value <0.05 were identified as the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed with the DAVID database and R language. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was performed with the STRING database and then visualized with Cytoscape. Result The results showed that 195 downregulated mRNAs and 240 downregulated mRNAs were found in GSE67308, and 11 miRNAs were found in GSE7495. 152 common genes were screened in DEGs of GSE67308 and the targets of 11 miRNAs in GSE7495. Moreover, the enrichment analysis showed that the common genes were related with inflammatory response, immune response, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and TNF pathways. Besides, mmu-miR-92a-3p and mmu-miR-27b-3p were identified as the hubs miRNAs, and TNF, IL1B, and IFG1 were screened as the key nodes. Conclusion This study established a miRNA-mRNA network for cardiac injury induced by MI/R and provided the evidence concerning the molecular mechanism of MI/R injury, which provided some reference for MI/R treatment.
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Hutka B, Lázár B, Tóth AS, Ágg B, László SB, Makra N, Ligeti B, Scheich B, Király K, Al-Khrasani M, Szabó D, Ferdinandy P, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. The Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Ketorolac Alters the Small Intestinal Microbiota and Bile Acids Without Inducing Intestinal Damage or Delaying Peristalsis in the Rat. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664177. [PMID: 34149417 PMCID: PMC8213092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce significant damage to the small intestine, which is accompanied by changes in intestinal bacteria (dysbiosis) and bile acids. However, it is still a question of debate whether besides mucosal inflammation also other factors, such as direct antibacterial effects or delayed peristalsis, contribute to NSAID-induced dysbiosis. Here we aimed to assess whether ketorolac, an NSAID lacking direct effects on gut bacteria, has any significant impact on intestinal microbiota and bile acids in the absence of mucosal inflammation. We also addressed the possibility that ketorolac-induced bacterial and bile acid alterations are due to a delay in gastrointestinal (GI) transit. Methods: Vehicle or ketorolac (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) were given to rats by oral gavage once daily for four weeks, and the severity of mucosal inflammation was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and by measuring the levels of inflammatory proteins and claudin-1 in the distal jejunal tissue. The luminal amount of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, whereas the composition of microbiota by sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. GI transit was assessed by the charcoal meal method. Results: Ketorolac up to 3 mg/kg did not cause any signs of mucosal damage to the small intestine. However, 3 mg/kg of ketorolac induced dysbiosis, which was characterized by a loss of families belonging to Firmicutes (Paenibacillaceae, Clostridiales Family XIII, Christensenellaceae) and bloom of Enterobacteriaceae. Ketorolac also changed the composition of small intestinal bile by decreasing the concentration of conjugated bile acids and by increasing the amount of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). The level of conjugated bile acids correlated negatively with the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae 1, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Burkholderiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. Ketorolac, under the present experimental conditions, did not change the GI transit. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that low-dose ketorolac disturbed the delicate balance between small intestinal bacteria and bile acids, despite having no significant effect on intestinal mucosal integrity and peristalsis. Other, yet unidentified, factors may contribute to ketorolac-induced dysbiosis and bile dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Lázár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Makra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ligeti
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lázár B, László SB, Hutka B, Tóth AS, Mohammadzadeh A, Berekméri E, Ágg B, Balogh M, Sajtos V, Király K, Al-Khrasani M, Földes A, Varga G, Makra N, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Ligeti B, Kemény Á, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. A comprehensive time course and correlation analysis of indomethacin-induced inflammation, bile acid alterations and dysbiosis in the rat small intestine. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114590. [PMID: 33940029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that changes in microbiota due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alter the composition of bile, and elevation of hydrophobic secondary bile acids contributes to small intestinal damage. However, little is known about the effect of NSAIDs on small intestinal bile acids, and whether bile alterations correlate with mucosal injury and dysbiosis. Here we determined the ileal bile acid metabolome and microbiota 24, 48 and 72 h after indomethacin treatment, and their correlation with each other and with tissue damage in rats. In parallel with the development of inflammation, indomethacin increased the ileal proportion of glycine and taurine conjugated bile acids, but not bile hydrophobicity. Firmicutes decreased with time, whereas Gammaproteobacteria increased first, but declined later and were partially replaced by Bilophila, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. Mucosal injury correlated negatively with unconjugated bile acids and Gram-positive bacteria, and positively with taurine conjugates and some Gram-negative taxa. Strong positive correlation was found between Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae and unconjugated bile acids. Indomethacin-induced dysbiosis was not likely due to direct antibacterial effects or alterations in luminal pH. Here we provide the first detailed characterization of indomethacin-induced time-dependent alterations in small intestinal bile acid composition, and their associations with mucosal injury and dysbiosis. Our results suggest that increased bile hydrophobicity is not likely to contribute to indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Lázár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Berekméri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Balogh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Sajtos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Makra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ligeti
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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Chen R, Li W, Qiu Z, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Li WY, Ding K, Meng QT, Xia ZY. Ischemic Postconditioning-Mediated DJ-1 Activation Mitigate Intestinal Mucosa Injury Induced by Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats Through Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655619. [PMID: 33996908 PMCID: PMC8119885 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury often leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. Early detection and prevention of remote intestinal injury following myocardial IR may help to estimate and improve prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study investigated the protective effect of myocardial ischemic postconditioning (IPo) on intestinal barrier injury induced by myocardial IR and the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms with a focus on the DJ-1. Adult SD rats were subjected to unilateral myocardial IR with or without ischemic postconditioning. After 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion, heart tissue, intestine, and blood were collected for subsequent examination. The outcome measures were (i) intestinal histopathology, (ii) intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses, (iii) apoptosis and oxidative stress, and (iv) cellular signaling changes. IPo significantly attenuated intestinal injury induced by myocardial IR. Furthermore, IPo significantly increased DJ-1, nuclear Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 expression in the intestine and inhibited IR-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. The protective effect of IPo was abolished by the knockdown of DJ-1. Conversely, the overexpression of DJ-1 provided a protective effect similar to that of IPo. Our data indicate that IPo protects the intestine against myocardial IR, which is likely mediated by the upregulation of DJ-1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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