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Mostafa T, Albeir M, Wober J, Abadi A, Salama I, Ahmed NS. Design, synthesis, and in-silico study of novel triarylethylene analogs with dual anti-estrogenic and serotonergic activity. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22127. [PMID: 37877739 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor is an important target in breast cancer. Serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C , in particular) were investigated for a potential role in development and progression of breast cancer. Ligands that interact with estrogenic receptors influence the emotional state of females. Thus, designing selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) analogs with potential serotonergic activity is a plausible approach. The dual ligands can augment cytotoxic effect of SERMs, help in both physical and emotional menopausal symptom relief, enhance cognitive function and support bone health. Herein, we report triarylethylene analogs as potential candidates for treatment of breast cancer. Compound 2e showed (ERα relative β- galactosidase activity = 0.70), 5-HT2A (Ki = 0.97 µM), and 5-HT2C (Ki = 3.86 µM). It was more potent on both MCF-7 (GI50 = 0.27 µM) and on MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 1.86 µM) compared to tamoxifen (TAM). Compound 4e showed 40 times higher antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and 15 times on MDA-MBA compared to TAM. Compound 4e had higher average potency than TAM on all nine tested cell line panels. Our in-silico model revealed the binding interactions of compounds 2 and 2e in the three receptors; further structural modifications are suggested to optimize binding to the ERα, 5-HT2A , and 5-HT2C .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam Albeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nermin S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Stossi F, Rivera Tostado A, Johnson HL, Mistry RM, Mancini MG, Mancini MA. Gene transcription regulation by ER at the single cell and allele level. Steroids 2023; 200:109313. [PMID: 37758052 PMCID: PMC10842394 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this short review we discuss the current view of how the estrogen receptor (ER), a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates gene transcription at the single cell and allele level, focusing on in vitro cell line models. We discuss central topics and new trends in molecular biology including phenotypic heterogeneity, single cell sequencing, nuclear phase separated condensates, single cell imaging, and image analysis methods, with particular focus on the methodologies and results that have been reported in the last few years using microscopy-based techniques. These observations augment the results from biochemical assays that lead to a much more complex and dynamic view of how ER, and arguably most transcription factors, act to regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - Hannah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ragini M Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maureen G Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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3
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Alva-Gallegos R, Carazo A, Mladěnka P. Toxicity overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals interacting in vitro with the oestrogen receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104089. [PMID: 36841273 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oestrogen receptor (ER) from the nuclear receptor family is involved in different physiological processes, which can be affected by multiple xenobiotics. Some of these compounds, such as bisphenols, pesticides, and phthalates, are widespread as consequence of human activities and are commonly present also in human organism. Xenobiotics able to interact with ER and trigger a hormone-like response, are known as endocrine disruptors. In this review, we aim to summarize the available knowledge on products derived from human industrial activity and other xenobiotics reported to interact with ER. ER-disrupting chemicals behave differently towards oestrogen-dependent cell lines than endogenous oestradiol. In low concentrations, they stimulate proliferation, whereas at higher concentrations, are toxic to cells. In addition, most of the knowledge on the topic is based on individual compound testing, and only a few studies assess xenobiotic combinations, which better resemble real circumstances. Confirmation from in vivo models is lacking also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Alva-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Patel JM, Jeselsohn RM. Estrogen Receptor Alpha and ESR1 Mutations in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:171-194. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Tian J, Locker J. Gadd45 in the Liver: Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:87-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Elucidation of Agonist and Antagonist Dynamic Binding Patterns in ER-α by Integration of Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Quantum Mechanical Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179371. [PMID: 34502280 PMCID: PMC8431471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Many structures of ERα bound with agonists and antagonists have been determined. However, the dynamic binding patterns of agonists and antagonists in the binding site of ERα remains unclear. Therefore, we performed molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations to elucidate agonist and antagonist dynamic binding patterns in ERα. 17β-estradiol (E2) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) were docked in the ligand binding pockets of the agonist and antagonist bound ERα. The best complex conformations from molecular docking were subjected to 100 nanosecond MD simulations. Hierarchical clustering was conducted to group the structures in the trajectory from MD simulations. The representative structure from each cluster was selected to calculate the binding interaction energy value for elucidation of the dynamic binding patterns of agonists and antagonists in the binding site of ERα. The binding interaction energy analysis revealed that OHT binds ERα more tightly in the antagonist conformer, while E2 prefers the agonist conformer. The results may help identify ERα antagonists as drug candidates and facilitate risk assessment of chemicals through ER-mediated responses.
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Chhabra A, Shukla J, Sharma U, Vatsa R, Bhatia A, Upadhyay D, Mittal BR. Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical for estrogen receptor expressing breast cancers: radiolabeling, characterization and in-vitro cytotoxic assessment. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:738-746. [PMID: 33741857 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of a novel theranostic radiopharmaceutical for estrogen receptor, expressing unresectable primary and metastatic breast cancers. METHODS Tamoxifen was radiolabeled with Rhenium-188 (Re-188) through tricarbonyl core. Radiolabeled complex was characterized by 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Various quality control tests such as sterility, apyrogenicity, and radiochemical purity (RCP) were performed to assess the suitability of the radiopharmaceutical for intravenous administration. In-vitro cell culture studies were performed for cytotoxic assessment. In addition to this, exposure due to different doses of Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen was also calculated. RESULTS Re-188-tricarbonyl and Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen showed more than 99% RCP. Sample was found to be sterile and pyrogens levels were within the permissible limit. Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen was successfully characterized by MALDI-TOF and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Re-188 (1.480 MBq) and tamoxifen (0.027 or 0.054 µM) individually showed 36 and 70% cell death, respectively. However, radiolabeled complex (Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen) with the same amount of radioactivity (1.480 MBq) increased the cell death to more than 90% with one-fifth to one-tenth molar concentration of tamoxifen (0.0054 μM). CONCLUSION Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen can be synthesized in-house in radiopharmacy lab. Radionuclide therapy with Re-188-tricarbonyl tamoxifen can be given using 10 times less amount of tamoxifen as compared to cold tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Chhabra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi
| | - Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of NMR and MRI, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
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Dash R, Mitra S, Ali MC, Oktaviani DF, Hannan MA, Choi SM, Moon IS. Phytosterols: Targeting Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:383-401. [PMID: 32600224 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200628022812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived sterols, phytosterols, are well known for their cholesterol-lowering activity in serum and their anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, phytosterols have received considerable attention due to their beneficial effects on various non-communicable diseases, and recommended use as daily dietary components. The signaling pathways mediated in the brain by phytosterols have been evaluated, but little is known about their effects on neuroinflammation, and no clinical studies have been undertaken on phytosterols of interest. In this review, we discuss the beneficial roles of phytosterols, including their attenuating effects on inflammation, blood cholesterol levels, and hallmarks of the disease, and their regulatory effects on neuroinflammatory disease pathways. Despite recent advancements made in phytosterol pharmacology, some critical questions remain unanswered. Therefore, we have tried to highlight the potential of phytosterols as viable therapeutics against neuroinflammation and to direct future research with respect to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Plasma Bio-display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul-01897, Korea
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-38066, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
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Determination and analysis of agonist and antagonist potential of naturally occurring flavonoids for estrogen receptor (ERα) by various parameters and molecular modelling approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7450. [PMID: 31092862 PMCID: PMC6520524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligands target the ligand binding domain (LBD). Agonist 17β-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TM, known SERM), bind to the same site within the LBD. However, structures of ligand-bound complexes show that E2 and TM induce different conformations of helix 12 (H12). During the molecular modelling studies of some naturally occurring flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, kaempferol, naringin, hesperidin, galangin, baicalein and epicatechin with human ERα (3ERT and 1GWR), we observed that most of the ligands bound to the active site pocket of both 3ERT and 1GWR. The docking scores, interaction analyses, and conformation of H12 provided the data to support for the estrogenic or antiestrogenic potential of these flavonoids to a limited degree. Explicit molecular dynamics for 50 ns was performed to identify the stability and compatibility pattern of protein-ligand complex and RMSD were obtained. Baicalein, epicatechin, and kaempferol with 1GWR complex showed similar RMSD trend with minor deviations in the protein backbone RMSD against 1GWR-E2 complex that provided clear indications that ligands were stable throughout the explicit molecular simulations in the protein and outcome of naringin-3ERT complex had an upward trend but stable throughout the simulations and all molecular dynamics showed stability with less than overall 1 Å deviation throughout the simulations. To examine their estrogenic or antiestrogenic potential, we studied the effect of the flavonoids on viability, progesterone receptor expression and 3xERE/3XERRE-driven reporter gene expression in ERα positive and estrogen responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Epicatechin, myricetin, and kaempferol showed estrogenic potential at 5 µM concentration.
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10
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Carmona-Negrón JA, Santana A, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. Synthesis, structure, docking and cytotoxic studies of ferrocene–hormone conjugates for hormone-dependent breast cancer application. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5952-5964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene–estrogen conjugates can be recognized by ERα, suggesting that estrogens could serve as vectors to target specifically breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Santana
- University of Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry
- Mayagüez
- Puerto Rico
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- University of California–San Diego
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry
- Mayagüez
- Puerto Rico
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11
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Eid EEM, Azam F, Hassan M, Taban IM, Halim MA. Zerumbone binding to estrogen receptors: an in-silico investigation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:342-351. [PMID: 30396310 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1531886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among females worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER) mediate important pathophysiological signaling pathways induced by estrogens, and is regarded as a promising target for the treatment of breast cancer. Zerumbone (2,6,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one; ZER), a chemical constituent present in the Zingiber zerumbet is known to exhibit anti-breast cancer activity by modulating several proteins to induce apoptosis. Medicinal chemists usually exploit lead compounds of natural origin to develop molecules with improved pharmacological properties. Current study is intended to utilize molecular modeling techniques to investigate the interaction of ZER with estrogen receptors. AutoDock was used to predict the binding modes of ZER and target receptors. Stability of the ZER-ER complex was verified by molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond software. Docked ZER was further optimized by density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian09 program. Analysis of docked conformations in terms of binding energy disclosed estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) as more promising than estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Evaluation of MD trajectories of ZER bound to both ERα and ERβ showed appreciable stability with minimum Cα-atom root mean square deviation shifts. DFT based global reactivity descriptors such as electron affinity, hardness, chemical potential, electronegativity and electrophilicity index, calculated from the energies of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals underscored the electronic features governing viability of the ZER for interaction with the target receptors. In conclusion, these findings can be exploited to design and develop novel anticancer agents based on the lead compound, ZER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltayeb E M Eid
- a Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Unaizah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizul Azam
- a Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Unaizah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Hassan
- b Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, University of Basel , Switzerland
| | - Ismail M Taban
- c School of Biosciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad A Halim
- d Division of Computer-aided Drug Design , The Red-Green Research Center , BICCB , Dhaka , Bangladesh.,e Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
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12
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Szostakowska M, Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Grzybowska EA, Fabisiewicz A. Resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer: molecular mechanisms and future goals. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:489-497. [PMID: 30382472 PMCID: PMC6394602 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The majority of breast cancers (BCs) are characterized by the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα+). ERα acts as ligand-dependent transcription factor for genes associated with cell survival, proliferation, and tumor growth. Thus, blocking the estrogen agonist effect on ERα is the main strategy in the treatment of ERα+ BCs. However, despite the development of targeted anti-estrogen therapies for ER+ BC, around 30–50% of early breast cancer patients will relapse. Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy is a great challenge in ER+ BC patient treatment. Discussion Anti-estrogen resistance is a consequence of molecular changes, which allow for tumor growth irrespective of estrogen presence. Those changes may be associated with ERα modifications either at the genetic, regulatory or protein level. Additionally, the activation of alternate growth pathways and/or cell survival mechanisms can lead to estrogen-independence and endocrine resistance. Conclusion This comprehensive review summarizes molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to anti-estrogen therapy, focusing on genetic alterations, stress responses, cell survival mechanisms, and cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szostakowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Trębińska-Stryjewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anna Grzybowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fabisiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland.
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de Guzzi Cassago CA, Dias MM, Pinheiro MP, Pasquali CC, Bastos ACS, Islam Z, Consonni SR, de Oliveira JF, Gomes EM, Ascenção CFR, Honorato R, Pauletti BA, Indolfo NDC, Filho HVR, de Oliveira PSL, Figueira ACM, Paes Leme AF, Ambrosio ALB, Dias SMG. Glutaminase Affects the Transcriptional Activity of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) via Direct Interaction. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6293-6307. [PMID: 30295466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate-activated glutaminases catalyze the deamidation of glutamine to glutamate and play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. In humans, GLS encodes two multidomain splicing isoforms: KGA and GAC. In both isoforms, the canonical glutaminase domain is flanked by an N-terminal region that is folded into an EF-hand-like four-helix bundle. However, the splicing event replaces a well-structured three-repeat ankyrin domain in KGA with a shorter, unordered C-terminal stretch in GAC. The multidomain architecture, which contains putative protein-protein binding motifs, has led to speculation that glutaminases are involved in cellular processes other than glutamine metabolism; in fact, some proteins have been identified as binding partners of KGA and the isoforms of its paralogue gene, GLS2. Here, a yeast two-hybrid assay identified nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new binding partner of the glutaminase. We show that KGA and GAC directly bind PPARγ with a low-micromolar dissociation constant; the interaction involves the N-terminal and catalytic domains of glutaminases as well as the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear receptor. The interaction occurs within the nucleus, and by sequestering PPARγ from its responsive element DR1, the glutaminases decreased nuclear receptor activity as assessed by a luciferase reporter assay. Altogether, our findings reveal an unexpected glutaminase-binding partner and, for the first time, directly link mitochondrial glutaminases to an unanticipated role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aparecida de Guzzi Cassago
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Marília Meira Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Matheus Pinto Pinheiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Pasquali
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Alliny Cristiny Silva Bastos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology , University of Campinas , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-872 , Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Emerson Machi Gomes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Carolline Fernanda Rodrigues Ascenção
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Carvalho Indolfo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Berteli Ambrosio
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
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Riad MA, Abd-Rabo MM, Abd El Aziz SA, El Behairy AM, Badawy MM. Reproductive toxic impact of subchronic treatment with combined butylparaben and triclosan in weanling male rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22037. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeha A. Riad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry Nutrition Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University; Egypt
- Hormone evaluation department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research; Giza Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abd-Rabo
- Hormone evaluation department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research; Giza Egypt
| | - Samy A. Abd El Aziz
- Biochemistry and Chemistry Nutrition Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University; Egypt
| | - Adel M. El Behairy
- Biochemistry and Chemistry Nutrition Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University; Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Badawy
- Hormone evaluation department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research; Giza Egypt
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15
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Zhang J, Li T, Wang T, Yuan C, Zhong S, Guan T, Li Z, Wang Y, Yu H, Luo Q, Wang Y, Zhang T. Estrogenicity of halogenated bisphenol A: in vitro and in silico investigations. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:1215-1223. [PMID: 29152682 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The binding interactions of bisphenol A (BPA) and its halogenated derivatives (halogenated BPAs) to human estrogen receptor α ligand binding domain (hERα-LBD) was investigated using a combined in vitro and in silico approach. First, the recombinant hERα-LBD was prepared as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. A native fluorescent phytoestrogen, coumestrol, was employed as tracer for the fluorescence polarization assay. The results of the in vitro binding assay showed that bisphenol compounds could bind to hERα-LBD as the affinity ligands. All the tested halogenated BPAs exhibited weaker receptor binding than BPA, which might be explained by the steric effect of substituents. Molecular docking studies elucidated that the halogenated BPAs adopted different conformations in the flexible hydrophobic ligand binding pocket (LBP), which is mainly dependent on their distinct halogenation patterns. The compounds with halogen substituents on the phenolic rings and on the bridging alkyl moiety acted as agonists and antagonists for hERα, respectively. Interestingly, all the compounds in the agonist conformation of hERα formed a hydrogen bond with His524, while the compounds in the antagonist conformation formed a hydrogen bond with Thr347. These docking results suggested a pivotal role of His524/Thr347 in maintaining the hERα structure in the biologically active agonist/antagonist conformation. Comparison of the calculated binding energies vs. experimental binding affinities yielded a good correlation, which might be applicable for the structure-based design of novel bisphenol compounds with reduced toxicities and for environmental risk assessment. In addition, based on hERα-LBD as a recognition element, the proposed fluorescence polarization assay may offer an alternative to chromatographic techniques for the multi-residue determination of bisphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tuoyi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shuning Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tianzhu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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16
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Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating Endoxifen-Combretastatin and Cyclofenil-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffolds: Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091440. [PMID: 28858267 PMCID: PMC6151695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors such as the estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) modulate the effects of the estrogen hormones and are important targets for design of innovative chemotherapeutic agents for diseases such as breast cancer and osteoporosis. Conjugate and bifunctional compounds which incorporate an ER ligand offer a useful method of delivering cytotoxic drugs to tissue sites such as breast cancers which express ERs. A series of novel conjugate molecules incorporating both the ER ligands endoxifen and cyclofenil-endoxifen hybrids covalently linked to the antimitotic and tubulin targeting agent combretastatin A-4 were synthesised and evaluated as ER ligands. A number of these compounds demonstrated pro-apoptotic effects, with potent antiproliferative activity in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and low cytotoxicity. These conjugates displayed binding affinity towards ERα and ERβ isoforms at nanomolar concentrations e.g., the cyclofenil-amide compound 13e is a promising lead compound of a clinically relevant ER conjugate with IC50 in MCF-7 cells of 187 nM, and binding affinity to ERα (IC50 = 19 nM) and ERβ (IC50 = 229 nM) while the endoxifen conjugate 16b demonstrates antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 5.7 nM) and binding affinity to ERα (IC50 = 15 nM) and ERβ (IC50 = 115 nM). The ER binding effects are rationalised in a molecular modelling study in which the disruption of the ER helix-12 in the presence of compounds 11e, 13e and 16b is presented These conjugate compounds have potential application for further development as antineoplastic agents in the treatment of ER positive breast cancers.
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17
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Souza PCT, Textor LC, Melo DC, Nascimento AS, Skaf MS, Polikarpov I. An alternative conformation of ERβ bound to estradiol reveals H12 in a stable antagonist position. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3509. [PMID: 28615710 PMCID: PMC5471280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural ligand 17β-estradiol (E2) is so far believed to induce a unique agonist-bound active conformation in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the estrogen receptors (ERs). Both subtypes, ERα and ERβ, are transcriptionally activated in the presence of E2 with ERβ being somewhat less active than ERα under similar conditions. The molecular bases for this intriguing behavior are mainly attributed to subtype differences in the amino-terminal domain of these receptors. However, structural details that confer differences in the molecular response of ER LBDs to E2 still remain elusive. In this study, we present a new crystallographic structure of the ERβ LBD bound to E2 in which H12 assumes an alternative conformation that resembles antagonist ERs structures. Structural observations and molecular dynamics simulations jointly provide evidence that alternative ERβ H12 position could correspond to a stable conformation of the receptor under physiological pH conditions. Our findings shed light on the unexpected role of LBD in the lower functional response of ERβ subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C T Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa C Textor
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Melo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Nascimento
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box, 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo - USP, P.O. Box 396, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Xue Z, Li D, Yu W, Zhang Q, Hou X, He Y, Kou X. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of polyphenols as modulators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Food Funct 2017; 8:1414-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic AhR modulators displayed concentration-, XRE-, gene-, species- and cell-specific agonistic/antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medical Plant Laboratory
- Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology
- Tianjin 3000381
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yulong He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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19
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Synthesis, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of 2-phenylindoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4075-4099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Carr M, Knox AJS, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Development of the β-lactam type molecular scaffold for selective estrogen receptor α modulator action: synthesis and cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:117-130. [PMID: 27476825 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) which are ligand inducible nuclear receptors are recognized as pharmaceutical targets for diseases such as osteoporosis and breast cancer. There is an increasing interest in the discovery of subtype Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). A series of novel β-lactam compounds with estrogen receptor modulator properties have been synthesized. The antiproliferative effects of these compounds on human MCF-7 breast tumor cells are reported, together with binding affinity for the ERα and ERβ receptors. The most potent compound 15g demonstrated antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 breast tumor cells (IC50 = 186 nM) and ERα binding (IC50 = 4.3 nM) with 75-fold ERα/β receptor binding selectivity. The effect of positioning of the characteristic amine containing substituted aryl ring (on C-4 or N-1 of the β-lactam scaffold) on the antiproliferative activity and ER-binding properties of the β-lactam compounds is rationalized in a molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carr
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and.,b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - David G Lloyd
- b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- b School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland and
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21
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Keely NO, Carr M, Yassin B, Ana G, Lloyd DG, Zisterer D, Meegan MJ. Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating an Endoxifen-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffold. Biomedicines 2016; 4:biomedicines4030015. [PMID: 28536383 PMCID: PMC5344255 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-receptors are often overexpressed in tumours and can thereby be used as targets when designing novel selective chemotherapeutic agents. To date, many conjugates incorporating an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand have been synthesised in order to direct chemical agents to tissue sites containing ERs. A series of ER ligand conjugates were synthesised incorporating an antagonistic ER ligand scaffold based on endoxifen, covalently-bound via an amide linkage to a variety of combretastatin-based analogues, which may act as antimitotic agents. These novel endoxifen-combretastatin hybrid scaffold analogues were biochemically evaluated in order to determine their antiproliferative and cytotoxicity effects in both the ER-positive MCF-7 and the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. ER competitive binding assays were carried out to assess the binding affinity of the lead conjugate 28 towards both the ERα and ERβ isoforms. In results from the NCI 60-cell line screen, the lead conjugate 28 displayed potent and highly selective antiproliferative activity towards the MCF-7 human cancer cell line (IC50 = 5 nM). In the ER-binding assays, the lead conjugate 28 demonstrated potent ER competitive binding in ERα (IC50 value: 0.9 nM) and ERβ (IC50 value: 4.7 nM). Preliminary biochemical results also demonstrate that the lead conjugate 28 may exhibit pure antagonism. This series makes an important addition to the class of ER antagonists and may have potential applications in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall O Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Miriam Carr
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Bassem Yassin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Gloria Ana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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22
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Börjesson AE, Farman HH, Movérare-Skrtic S, Engdahl C, Antal MC, Koskela A, Tuukkanen J, Carlsten H, Krust A, Chambon P, Sjögren K, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Ohlsson C. SERMs have substance-specific effects on bone, and these effects are mediated via ERαAF-1 in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E912-8. [PMID: 27048997 PMCID: PMC4935145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bone-sparing effect of estrogens is mediated primarily via estrogen receptor (ER)α, which stimulates gene transcription through activation function (AF)-1 and AF-2. The role of ERαAF-1 for the estradiol (E2) effects is tissue specific. The selective ER modulators (SERMs) raloxifene (Ral), lasofoxifene (Las), and bazedoxifene (Bza) can be used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. They all reduce the risk for vertebral fractures, whereas Las and partly Bza, but not Ral, reduce the risk for nonvertebral fractures. Here, we have compared the tissue specificity of Ral, Las, and Bza and evaluated the role of ERαAF-1 for the effects of these SERMs, with an emphasis on bone parameters. We treated ovariectomized (OVX) wild-type (WT) mice and OVX mice lacking ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1(0)) with E2, Ral, Las, or Bza. All three SERMs increased trabecular bone mass in the axial skeleton. In the appendicular skeleton, only Las increased the trabecular bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular number, whereas both Ral and Las increased the cortical bone thickness and strength. However, Ral also increased cortical porosity. The three SERMs had only a minor effect on uterine weight. Notably, all evaluated effects of these SERMs were absent in ovx ERαAF-1(0) mice. In conclusion, all SERMs had similar effects on axial bone mass. However, the SERMs had slightly different effects on the appendicular skeleton since only Las increased the trabecular bone mass and only Ral increased the cortical porosity. Importantly, all SERM effects require a functional ERαAF-1 in female mice. These results could lead to development of more specific treatments for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Börjesson
- Rheumatology and Bone Diseases Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Cristina Antal
- Strasbourg University, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrée Krust
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104; National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U596; ULP, Collège de France), Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104; National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U596; ULP, Collège de France), Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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23
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Sakkiah S, Ng HW, Tong W, Hong H. Structures of androgen receptor bound with ligands: advancing understanding of biological functions and drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1267-82. [PMID: 27195510 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1192131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It plays a vital role in male sexual development and regulates gene expression in various tissues, including prostate. Androgens are compounds that exert their biological effects via interaction with AR. Binding of androgens to AR initiates conformational changes in AR that affect binding of co-regulator proteins and DNA. AR agonists and antagonists are widely used in a variety of clinical applications (i.e. hypogonadism and prostate cancer therapy). AREAS COVERED This review provides a close look at structures of AR-ligand complexes and mutations in the receptor that have been revealed, discusses current challenges in the field, and sheds light on future directions. EXPERT OPINION AR is one of the primary targets for the treatment of prostate cancer, as AR antagonists inhibit prostate cancer growth. However, these drugs are not effective for long-term treatment and lead to castration-resistant prostate cancer. The structures of AR-ligand complexes are an invaluable scientific asset that enhances our understanding of biological functions and mechanisms of androgenic and anti-androgenic chemicals as well as promotes the discovery of superior drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- a Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Hui Wen Ng
- a Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Weida Tong
- a Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Huixiao Hong
- a Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
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24
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Kaur G, Mahajan MP, Pandey MK, Singh P, Ramisetti SR, Sharma AK. Design, synthesis, and anti-breast cancer evaluation of new triarylethylene analogs bearing short alkyl- and polar amino-/amido-ethyl chains. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1963-9. [PMID: 26972118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel triarylethylene analogs, designed based on well-known Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), i.e., ospemifene and tamoxifen, as potential anti-breast cancer agents is described. The cytotoxic potential of these analogs against ER-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cell lines was determined and compared with the standards, ospemifene and tamoxifen. In initial screening, analogs 5, 14 and 15 were found to be much more effective than the standards against both the cell lines. The results showed that these novel analogs inhibit the expression of proteins involved in the migration and metastasis, compound 5 being most effective. Compound 5 inhibited the expression of MMP-9, c-Myc and Caveolin in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and suppressed the invasion of ER-negative cells in a dose dependent manner. Finally, in silico docking simulations of the representative compounds in the binding sites of the estrogen receptors (ERs) indicated a good binding affinity of the compounds with the ERs, and supported their experimental toxicity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Plot No. 23, Institutional Area, Sector-32, Gurgaon 122001, India
| | - Mohinder P Mahajan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Plot No. 23, Institutional Area, Sector-32, Gurgaon 122001, India.
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Srinivasa R Ramisetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
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25
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Chouchene L, Pellegrini E, Gueguen MM, Hinfray N, Brion F, Piccini B, Kah O, Saïd K, Messaoudi I, Pakdel F. Inhibitory effect of cadmium on estrogen signaling in zebrafish brain and protection by zinc. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:863-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chouchene
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Elisabeth Pellegrini
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - François Brion
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Khaled Saïd
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Transcription, Environnement et Cancer; Institut de Recherche en Santé-Environnement-Travail (Irset), Inserm UMR 1085, Université de Rennes 1; France
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26
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van de Schans MGM, Vincken JP, de Waard P, Hamers ARM, Bovee TFH, Gruppen H. Glyceollins and dehydroglyceollins isolated from soybean act as SERMs and ER subtype-selective phytoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:53-63. [PMID: 26655113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven prenylated 6a-hydroxy-pterocapans and five prenylated 6a,11a-pterocarpenes with different kinds of prenylation were purified from an ethanolic extract of fungus-treated soybean sprouts. The activity of these compounds toward both human estrogen receptors (hERα and hERβ) was determined in a yeast bioassay and the activity toward hERα was additionally tested in an U2-OS based hERα CALUX bioassay. In the yeast bioassay, compounds with chain prenylation showed in general an agonistic mode of action toward hERα, whereas furan and pyran prenylation led to an antagonistic mode of action. Five of these antagonistic compounds had an agonistic mode of action in the U2-OS based hERα CALUX bioassay, implying that these compounds can act as SERMs. The yeast bioassay also identified 8 ER subtype-selective compounds, with either an antagonistic mode of action or no response toward hERα and an agonistic mode of action toward hERβ. The ER subtype-selective compounds were characterized by 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpan or 6a,11a-pterocarpene backbone structure. It is suggested that either the extra D-ring or the increase in length to 12-13.5Å of these compounds is responsible for an agonistic mode of action toward hERβ and, thereby, inducing ER subtype-selective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid R M Hamers
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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van de Schans MGM, Ritschel T, Bovee TFH, Sanders MG, de Waard P, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Involvement of a Hydrophobic Pocket and Helix 11 in Determining the Modes of Action of Prenylated Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids in the Human Estrogen Receptor. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2668-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milou G. M. van de Schans
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Tina Ritschel
- Computational Discovery and Design Group; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics; Radboudumc; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Toine F. H. Bovee
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays; RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety; P. O. Box 230 6700 AE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Sanders
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 8128 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Engström W, Darbre P, Eriksson S, Gulliver L, Hultman T, Karamouzis MV, Klaunig JE, Mehta R, Moorwood K, Sanderson T, Sone H, Vadgama P, Wagemaker G, Ward A, Singh N, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J, Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson WH. The potential for chemical mixtures from the environment to enable the cancer hallmark of sustained proliferative signalling. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S38-60. [PMID: 26106143 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review current knowledge relating the established cancer hallmark, sustained cell proliferation to the existence of chemicals present as low dose mixtures in the environment. Normal cell proliferation is under tight control, i.e. cells respond to a signal to proliferate, and although most cells continue to proliferate into adult life, the multiplication ceases once the stimulatory signal disappears or if the cells are exposed to growth inhibitory signals. Under such circumstances, normal cells remain quiescent until they are stimulated to resume further proliferation. In contrast, tumour cells are unable to halt proliferation, either when subjected to growth inhibitory signals or in the absence of growth stimulatory signals. Environmental chemicals with carcinogenic potential may cause sustained cell proliferation by interfering with some cell proliferation control mechanisms committing cells to an indefinite proliferative span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Engström
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 575, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Gulliver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9050, New Zealand
| | - Tove Hultman
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research, University of Athens, Marasli 3, Kolonaki, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington , 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Rekha Mehta
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, 251 Sir F.G. Banting Driveway, AL # 2202C, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kim Moorwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hideko Sone
- Environmental Exposure Research Section, Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibraki 3058506, Japan
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- IRC in Biomedical Materials, School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatoty Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Dept. kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University//Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins CO 80523-1680, USA and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Delfosse V, Thouennon E, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. Reporter cell lines to evaluate the selectivity of chemicals for human and zebrafish estrogen and peroxysome proliferator activated γ receptors. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:212. [PMID: 26106289 PMCID: PMC4460427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of environmental nuclear receptors (NRs) ligands. As most of these compounds have only been tested on human NRs, it is necessary to measure their effects on zebrafish NRs. Estrogen receptors (ER) α and β and peroxysome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ are main targets of environmental disrupting compounds (EDCs). In humans there are two distinct nuclear ERs (hERα and hERβ), whereas the zebrafish genome encodes three ERs, zfERα, zfERβ1, and zfERβ2. Only one isoform of PPARγ is expressed in both humans and zebrafish. In this review, we described reporter cell lines that we established to study the interaction of EDCs with human and zebrafish ERs and PPARγ. Using these cell lines, we observed that zfERs are thermo-sensitive while zfPPARγ is not. We also showed significant differences in the ability of environmental and synthetic ligands to modulate activation of zfERs and zfPPARγ in comparison to hERs and hPPARγ. Some environmental estrogens (bisphenol A, mycoestrogens) which are hER panagonists displayed greater potency for zfERα as compared to zfERβs. hERβ selective agonists (8βVE2, DPN, phytoestrogens) also displayed zfERα selectivity. Among hERα selective synthetic agonists, 16α-LE2 was the most zfERα selective compound. Almost all zfPPARγ environmental ligands (halogenated bisphenol A derivatives, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds) displayed similar affinity for human and zebrafish PPARγ while pharmaceutical hPPARγ agonists like thiazolidones are not recognized by zfPPARγ. Altogether, our studies show that all hERs and hPPARγ ligands do not control in a similar manner the transcriptional activity of zfERs and zfPPARγ and point out that care has to be taken in transposing the results obtained using the zebrafish as a model for human physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Erwan Thouennon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1194Montpellier, France
- Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
- Institut Reìgional du Cancer de MontpellierMontpellier, France
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Delfosse V, Thouennon E, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. Reporter Cell Lines for the Characterization of the Interactions between Human Nuclear Receptors and Endocrine Disruptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:62. [PMID: 26029163 PMCID: PMC4426785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances interfering with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action, and consequently causing disturbances in the endocrine system. Various pathways are activated by EDCs, including interactions with nuclear receptors (NRs), which are primary targets of numerous environmental contaminants. The main NRs targeted by environmental contaminants are the estrogen (ER α, β) and the androgen (AR) receptors. ERs and AR have pleiotropic regulatory roles in a diverse range of tissues, notably in the mammary gland, the uterus, and the prostate. Thus, dysfunctional ERs and AR signaling due to inappropriate exposure to environmental pollutants may lead to hormonal cancers and infertility. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is also recognized by many environmental molecules. PXR has a protective role of the body through its ability to regulate proteins involved in the metabolism, the conjugation, and the transport of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. However, the permanent activation of this receptor by xenobiotics may lead to premature drug metabolism, the formation, and accumulation of toxic metabolites and defects in hormones homeostasis. The activity of other NRs can also be affected by environmental molecules. Compounds capable of inhibiting or activating the estrogen related (ERRγ), the thyroid hormone (TRα, β), the retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, γ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR α, γ) receptors have been identified and are highly suspected to promote developmental, reproductive, neurological, or metabolic diseases in humans and wildlife. In this review, we provide an overview of reporter cell lines established to characterize the human NR activities of a large panel of EDCs including natural as well as industrial compounds such as pesticides, plasticizers, surfactants, flame retardants, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1054, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwan Thouennon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1054, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Patrick Balaguer, U1194, IRCM, INSERM, ICM, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier 34090, France,
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O'Boyle NM, Pollock JK, Carr M, Knox AJS, Nathwani SM, Wang S, Caboni L, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. β-Lactam estrogen receptor antagonists and a dual-targeting estrogen receptor/tubulin ligand. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9370-82. [PMID: 25369367 DOI: 10.1021/jm500670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel β-lactams were synthesized and their antiproliferative effects and binding affinity for the predominant isoforms of the estrogen receptor (ER), ERα and ERβ, were determined. β-Lactams 23 and 26 had the strongest binding affinities for ERα (IC50 values: 40 and 8 nM, respectively) and ERβ (IC50 values: 19 and 15 nM). β-Lactam 26 was the most potent in antiproliferative assays using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and further biochemical analysis showed that it caused accumulation of cells in G2/M phase (mitotic blockade) and depolymerization of tubulin in MCF-7 cells. Compound 26 also induced apoptosis and downregulation of the expression of pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Computational modeling predicted binding preferences for the dual ER/tubulin ligand 26. This series is an important addition to the known pool of ER antagonists and β-lactam 26 is the first reported compound that has dual-targeting properties for both the ER and tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology and ‡School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College , 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Ng HW, Zhang W, Shu M, Luo H, Ge W, Perkins R, Tong W, Hong H. Competitive molecular docking approach for predicting estrogen receptor subtype α agonists and antagonists. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 11:S4. [PMID: 25349983 PMCID: PMC4251048 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s11-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that interfere with the endocrine system of vertebrates, often through direct or indirect interactions with nuclear receptor proteins. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are particularly important protein targets and many EDCs are ER binders, capable of altering normal homeostatic transcription and signaling pathways. An estrogenic xenobiotic can bind ER as either an agonist or antagonist to increase or inhibit transcription, respectively. The receptor conformations in the complexes of ER bound with agonists and antagonists are different and dependent on interactions with co-regulator proteins that vary across tissue type. Assessment of chemical endocrine disruption potential depends not only on binding affinity to ERs, but also on changes that may alter the receptor conformation and its ability to subsequently bind DNA response elements and initiate transcription. Using both agonist and antagonist conformations of the ERα, we developed an in silico approach that can be used to differentiate agonist versus antagonist status of potential binders. Methods The approach combined separate molecular docking models for ER agonist and antagonist conformations. The ability of this approach to differentiate agonists and antagonists was first evaluated using true agonists and antagonists extracted from the crystal structures available in the protein data bank (PDB), and then further validated using a larger set of ligands from the literature. The usefulness of the approach was demonstrated with enrichment analysis in data sets with a large number of decoy ligands. Results The performance of individual agonist and antagonist docking models was found comparable to similar models in the literature. When combined in a competitive docking approach, they provided the ability to discriminate agonists from antagonists with good accuracy, as well as the ability to efficiently select true agonists and antagonists from decoys during enrichment analysis. Conclusion This approach enables evaluation of potential ER biological function changes caused by chemicals bound to the receptor which, in turn, allows the assessment of a chemical's endocrine disrupting potential. The approach can be used not only by regulatory authorities to perform risk assessments on potential EDCs but also by the industry in drug discovery projects to screen for potential agonists and antagonists.
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Yiu KW, Lee CK, Kwok KC, Cheung NH. Measuring the kinetics of the binding of xenoestrogens and estrogen receptor alpha by fluorescence polarization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11591-11599. [PMID: 25180905 DOI: 10.1021/es503801c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of endocrine disruption by environmental xenoestrogens is unclear. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an example. Its concentration in human serum is low, and its binding with estrogen receptor (ER) is weak. Yet its effect on prostate and mammary gland development was observed. We investigated whether this effect could be explained in terms of binding kinetics. We used the method of fluorescence polarization anisotropy to measure the kinetic rate constants of the binding of ERα with 19 xenoestrogens. Relative binding affinities (RBA) were also deduced from the kinetics. We drew three observations. First, our RBAs were consistent with published values, thus establishing the validity of our results. Second, our method allowed the determination of low RBAs (∼ 10(-4)) of lipophilic ligands, such as dibutyl phthalate. They could not be measured by steady-state IC50 assays because of their low solubility. Third, we found that BPA had a surprisingly high kon > 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). While its RBA was 1500 times lower than that of 17β estradiol (E2), its kon was >1/90 that of E2. As a result, a 10 min surge of BPA from pM to nM could drive the fraction of BPA-activated ERα to a potent 0.1%. This might help to explain the observable estrogenic impacts of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Wing Yiu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Ng HW, Perkins R, Tong W, Hong H. Versatility or promiscuity: the estrogen receptors, control of ligand selectivity and an update on subtype selective ligands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8709-42. [PMID: 25162709 PMCID: PMC4198987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of versatile receptors. They regulate an enormity of processes starting in early life and continuing through sexual reproduction, development, and end of life. This review provides a background and structural perspective for the ERs as part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and discusses the ER versatility and promiscuity. The wide repertoire of ER actions is mediated mostly through ligand-activated transcription factors and many DNA response elements in most tissues and organs. Their versatility, however, comes with the drawback of promiscuous interactions with structurally diverse exogenous chemicals with potential for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Even when interacting with endogenous hormones, ER actions can have adverse effects in disease progression. Finally, how nature controls ER specificity and how the subtle differences in receptor subtypes are exploited in pharmaceutical design to achieve binding specificity and subtype selectivity for desired biological response are discussed. The intent of this review is to complement the large body of literature with emphasis on most recent developments in selective ER ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Ng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Roger Perkins
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Delfosse V, Grimaldi M, le Maire A, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. Nuclear Receptor Profiling of Bisphenol-A and Its Halogenated Analogues. VITAMINS & HORMONES 2014; 94:229-51. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800095-3.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Börjesson AE, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Ohlsson C. The role of estrogen receptor α in the regulation of bone and growth plate cartilage. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4023-37. [PMID: 23516016 PMCID: PMC11114058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are important endocrine regulators of skeletal growth and maintenance in both females and males. Studies have demonstrated that the estrogen receptor (ER)-α is the main mediator of these estrogenic effects in bone. Therefore, estrogen signaling via ERα is a target both for affecting longitudinal bone growth and bone remodeling. However, treatment with estradiol (E2) leads to an increased risk of side effects such as venous thromboembolism and breast cancer. Thus, an improved understanding of the signaling pathways of ERα will be essential in order to find better bone specific treatments with minimal adverse effects for different estrogen-related bone disorders. This review summarizes the recent data regarding the intracellular signaling mechanisms, in vivo, mediated by the ERα activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2, and the effect on bone, growth plate and other estrogen responsive tissues. In addition, we review the recent cell-specific ERα-deleted mouse models lacking ERα specifically in neuronal cells or growth plate cartilage. The newly characterized signaling pathways of estrogen, described in this review, provide a better understanding of the ERα signaling pathways, which may facilitate the design of new, bone-specific treatment strategies with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Börjesson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. K. Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. H. Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kerdivel G, Habauzit D, Pakdel F. Assessment and molecular actions of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with estrogen receptor pathways. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:501851. [PMID: 23737774 PMCID: PMC3659515 DOI: 10.1155/2013/501851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In all vertebrate species, estrogens play a crucial role in the development, growth, and function of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. A large number of natural or synthetic chemicals present in the environment and diet can interfere with estrogen signaling; these chemicals are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or xenoestrogens. Some of these compounds have been shown to induce adverse effects on human and animal health, and some compounds are suspected to contribute to diverse disease development. Because xenoestrogens have varying sources and structures and could act in additive or synergistic effects when combined, they have multiple mechanisms of action. Consequently, an important panel of in vivo and in vitro bioassays and chemical analytical tools was used to screen, evaluate, and characterize the potential impacts of these compounds on humans and animals. In this paper, we discuss different molecular actions of some of the major xenoestrogens found in food or the environment, and we summarize the current models used to evaluate environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenneg Kerdivel
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail (IRSET), INSERM U1085, TREC Team, SFR Biosit, University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail (IRSET), INSERM U1085, TREC Team, SFR Biosit, University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail (IRSET), INSERM U1085, TREC Team, SFR Biosit, University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Börjesson AE, Farman HH, Engdahl C, Koskela A, Sjögren K, Kindblom JM, Stubelius A, Islander U, Carlsten H, Antal MC, Krust A, Chambon P, Tuukkanen J, Lagerquist MK, Windahl SH, Ohlsson C. The role of activation functions 1 and 2 of estrogen receptor-α for the effects of estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators in male mice. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1117-26. [PMID: 23225083 PMCID: PMC3631300 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is important for male skeletal health and the effect of E2 is mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)-α. This was demonstrated by the findings that men with an inactivating mutation in aromatase or a nonfunctional ERα had osteopenia and continued longitudinal growth after sexual maturation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of different domains of ERα for the effects of E2 and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on bone mass in males. Three mouse models lacking either ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1(0)), ERαAF-2 (ERαAF-2(0)), or the total ERα (ERα(-/-)) were orchidectomized (orx) and treated with E2 or placebo. E2 treatment increased the trabecular and cortical bone mass and bone strength, whereas it reduced the thymus weight and bone marrow cellularity in orx wild type (WT) mice. These parameters did not respond to E2 treatment in orx ERα(-/-) or ERαAF-2(0). However, the effects of E2 in orx ERαAF-1(0) [corrected] were tissue-dependent, with a clear response in cortical bone parameters and bone marrow cellularity, but no response in trabecular bone. To determine the role of ERαAF-1 for the effects of SERMs, we treated orx WT and ERαAF-1(0) mice with raloxifene (Ral), lasofoxifene (Las), bazedoxifene (Bza), or vehicle. These SERMs increased total body areal bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular volumetric BMD to a similar extent in orx WT mice. Furthermore, only Las increased cortical thickness significantly and only Bza increased bone strength significantly. However, all SERMs showed a tendency toward increased cortical bone parameters. Importantly, all SERM effects were absent in the orx ERαAF-1(0) mice. In conclusion, ERαAF-2 is required for the estrogenic effects on all evaluated parameters, whereas the role of ERαAF-1 is tissue-specific. All evaluated effects of Ral, Las and Bza are dependent on a functional ERαAF-1. Our findings might contribute to the development of bone-specific SERMs in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Börjesson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is the principal physiological estrogen in mammals. E2 and its active metabolites, estrone and estriol have a characteristic phenolic A ring, unlike progesterone, testosterone, cortisol and aldosterone, which have an A ring containing a C3-ketone, a Δ(4) bond and a C19 methyl group. Crystal structures of E2 in the estrogen receptor (ER) confirm the importance of the A ring in stabilizing E2 in the ER. However, other steroids, including Δ(5)-androstenediol, 5α-androstanediol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, which have a saturated A ring containing a 3β-hydroxyl and a C19 methyl group, also mediate physiological responses through binding to estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ. Moreover, selective estrogen response modulators (SERMs) with diverse structures also regulate transcription of ERα and ERβ. Our understanding of the physiological responses mediated by these "alternative" estrogens is in its infancy. Further studies of the role of these steroids and SERMs in regulating responses mediated by ERα and ERβ a variety of tissues, during different stages of development, are likely to uncover additional estrogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA.
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Bolt MJ, Stossi F, Newberg JY, Orjalo A, Johansson HE, Mancini MA. Coactivators enable glucocorticoid receptor recruitment to fine-tune estrogen receptor transcriptional responses. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:4036-48. [PMID: 23444138 PMCID: PMC3627592 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are central regulators of pathophysiological processes; however, how their responses intertwine is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how steroid NRs can influence each other’s activity under co-agonist treatment. We used a unique system consisting of a multicopy integration of an estrogen receptor responsive unit that allows direct visualization and quantification of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) DNA binding, co-regulator recruitment and transcriptional readout. We find that ERα DNA loading is required for other type I nuclear receptors to be co-recruited after dual agonist treatment. We focused on ERα/glucocorticoid receptor interplay and demonstrated that it requires steroid receptor coactivators (SRC-2, SRC-3) and the mediator component MED14. We then validated this cooperative interplay on endogenous target genes in breast cancer cells. Taken together, this work highlights another layer of mechanistic complexity through which NRs cross-talk with each other on chromatin under multiple hormonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Martín-Millán M, Castañeda S. Estrogens, osteoarthritis and inflammation. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:368-73. [PMID: 23352515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens participate in several biological processes through different molecular mechanisms. Their final actions consist of a combination of both direct and indirect effects on different organ and tissues. Estrogen may have pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the situation and the involved tissue. In general, acute loss of estrogens increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and activates nuclear factor-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, indicating their predominant anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression has been shown to be attenuated by estrogen replacement. Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease are two of the more prevalent diseases once menopause is established, which has suggested the link between estrogens and both processes. In addition, deletion of estrogen receptors in female mice results in cartilage damage, osteophytosis and changes in the subchondral bone of the joints suggesting that estrogens have a protective role on the maintenance of joint homeostasis. Furthermore, in spite of the negative effect of estrogen replacement reported in 2002 by the Women's Health Initiative study, several works published afterwards have explored the potential protective effect of estrogen supplementation in animal models and have postulated that these actions may justify a beneficial role of estrogens in different diseases where inflammation is the major feature. In this review, we will analyze the effects of estrogens on certain pathological situations such as osteoarthritis, some autoimmune diseases and coronary heart disease, especially in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martín-Millán
- Department of Internal Medicine, IFIMAV, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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Gadd45 in the Liver: Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 793:69-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Lee HR, Jeung EB, Cho MH, Kim TH, Leung PCK, Choi KC. Molecular mechanism(s) of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their potent oestrogenicity in diverse cells and tissues that express oestrogen receptors. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 17:1-11. [PMID: 23279634 PMCID: PMC3823132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds present in the environment which can interfere with hormone synthesis and normal physiological functions of male and female reproductive organs. Most EDCs tend to bind to steroid hormone receptors including the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR). As EDCs disrupt the actions of endogenous hormones, they may induce abnormal reproduction, stimulation of cancer growth, dysfunction of neuronal and immune system. Although EDCs represent a significant public health concern, there are no standard methods to determine effect of EDCs on human beings. The mechanisms underlying adverse actions of EDC exposure are not clearly understood. In this review, we highlighted the toxicology of EDCs and its effect on human health, including reproductive development in males and females as shown in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, this review brings attention to the toxicity of EDCs via interaction of genomic and non-genomic signalling pathways through hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Baker ME, Uh KY, Chandsawangbhuwana C. 3D models of human ERα and ERβ complexed with 5-androsten-3β,17β-diol. Steroids 2012; 77:1192-7. [PMID: 22921477 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, binding of 5-androsten-3β,17β-diol (Δ(5)-androstenediol) to human estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) was found to repress microglia-mediated inflammation, which is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. In contrast, binding of estradiol to ERβ resulted in little or no repression of microglia-mediated inflammation. Binding of Δ(5)-androstenediol to ERβ, as well as to ERα, is unexpected because unlike estradiol, Δ(5)-androstenediol has a saturated A ring and a C19 methyl group. To begin to elucidate the interaction of Δ(5)-androstenediol with both ERs, we constructed 3D models of Δ(5)-androstenediol with human ERα and ERβ for comparison with the crystal structures of estradiol in ERα and ERβ. Conformational flexibility in human ERα and ERβ accommodates the C19 methyl on Δ(5)-androstenediol. This conformational flexibility may be relevant for binding of other Δ(5)-steroids with C19 methyl substituents, such as 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, to ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baker
- Department of Medicine, 0693 University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA.
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Messina M, Messina V, Jenkins DJA. Can breast cancer patients use soyafoods to help reduce risk of CHD? Br J Nutr 2012; 108:810-9. [PMID: 22874526 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the popularity of soyafoods has increased in part because of research suggesting that these foods convey health benefits independent of their nutrient content. For example, in 1999, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a health-claim for soyafoods and CHD based on the hypocholesterolaemic effects of soya protein. However, soyafoods have become controversial in recent years because of concerns that their uniquely rich phyto-oestrogen (isoflavone) content may cause untoward effects in some individuals. Most notable in this regard is the concern that soyafoods are contraindicated for breast cancer patients and women at high risk of developing this disease. Furthermore, the hypocholesterolaemic effects of soya protein have been challenged. However, the results of recently published meta-analyses indicate that soya protein directly lowers circulating LDL-cholesterol levels by approximately 4 %. There is also intriguing evidence that soyafoods reduce CHD risk independent of their effects on lipid levels. In regard to the breast cancer controversy, recently published clinical and epidemiological data do not support observations in rodents that soyabean isoflavones increase breast cancer risk. In postmenopausal women, isoflavone exposure does not adversely affect breast tissue density or breast cell proliferation. Furthermore, both US and Chinese prospective epidemiological studies show that post-diagnosis soya consumption is associated with an improved prognosis. Therefore, soyafoods should be considered by women as healthy foods to include in diets aimed at reducing the risk of CHD regardless of their breast cancer status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Structural and mechanistic insights into bisphenols action provide guidelines for risk assessment and discovery of bisphenol A substitutes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:14930-5. [PMID: 22927406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203574109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial compound and a well known endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogenic activity. The widespread exposure of individuals to BPA is suspected to affect a variety of physiological functions, including reproduction, development, and metabolism. Here we report that the mechanisms by which BPA and two congeners, bisphenol AF and bisphenol C (BPC), bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ER) α and β differ from that used by 17β-estradiol. We show that bisphenols act as partial agonists of ERs by activating the N-terminal activation function 1 regardless of their effect on the C-terminal activation function 2, which ranges from weak agonism (with BPA) to antagonism (with BPC). Crystallographic analysis of the interaction between bisphenols and ERs reveals two discrete binding modes, reflecting the different activities of compounds on ERs. BPA and 17β-estradiol bind to ERs in a similar fashion, whereas, with a phenol ring pointing toward the activation helix H12, the orientation of BPC accounts for the marked antagonist character of this compound. Based on structural data, we developed a protocol for in silico evaluation of the interaction between bisphenols and ERs or other members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, such as estrogen-related receptor γ and androgen receptor, which are two known main targets of bisphenols. Overall, this study provides a wealth of tools and information that could be used for the development of BPA substitutes devoid of nuclear hormone receptor-mediated activity and more generally for environmental risk assessment.
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Kojetin DJ, Burris TP. Small molecule modulation of nuclear receptor conformational dynamics: implications for function and drug discovery. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:1-8. [PMID: 22869589 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are targets for a wide range of ligands, both natural and synthetic, that regulate their activity and provide a means to pharmacologically modulate the receptor. Recent emphasis in the nuclear receptor field has focused on selective nuclear receptor modulators, which can display graded transcriptional responses and tissue selective pharmacological responses that deviate from the prototypical agonist or antagonist. Understanding the molecular mechanism of action of these selective modulators will provide significant insight toward the development of the next generation of modulators. Although most nuclear receptor structural studies have primarily focused on obtaining ligand-receptor cocrystal structures, recent studies implicate an important role for protein dynamics in the mechanism of action of nuclear receptor ligands. Here we review nuclear receptor studies reporting how ligands modulate the conformational dynamics of the nuclear receptor ligand-binding domain (LBD). A particular emphasis is placed on protein NMR and hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) techniques and how they provide complementary information that, when combined with crystallography, provide detailed insight into the function of nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
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48
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Simons R, Gruppen H, Bovee TFH, Verbruggen MA, Vincken JP. Prenylated isoflavonoids from plants as selective estrogen receptor modulators (phytoSERMs). Food Funct 2012; 3:810-27. [PMID: 22684228 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites, which comprise amongst others the subclasses of isoflavones, isoflavans, pterocarpans and coumestans. Isoflavonoids are abundant in Leguminosae, and many of them can bind to the human estrogen receptor (hER) with affinities similar to or lower than that of estradiol. Dietary intake of these so-called phytoestrogens has been associated with positive effects on menopausal complaints, hormone-related cancers, and osteoporosis. Therefore, phytoestrogens are used as nutraceuticals in functional foods or food supplements. Most of the isoflavonoids show agonistic activity towards both hERα and hERβ, the extent of which is modulated by the substitution pattern of their skeleton (i.e.-OH, -OCH(3)). Interestingly, substitutions consisting of a five-carbon prenyl group often seem to result in an antiestrogenic activity. There is growing evidence that the action of some of these prenylated isoflavonoids is tissue-specific, suggesting that they act like selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as the well-known chemically synthesized raloxifene and tamoxifen. These so-called phytoSERMS might have high potential for realizing new food and pharma applications. In this review, the structural features of isoflavonoids (i.e. the kind of skeleton and prenylation (e.g. chain or pyran), position of the prenyl group on the skeleton, and the extent of prenylation (single, double)) are discussed in relation to their estrogenic activity. Anti-estrogenic and SERM activity of isoflavonoids was always associated with prenylation, but these activities did not seem to be confined to one particular kind/position of prenylation or isoflavonoid subclass. Few estrogens with agonistic activity were prenylated, but these were not tested for antagonistic activity; possibly, these molecules will turn out to be phytoSERMs as well. Furthermore, the data on the dietary occurrence, bioavailability and metabolism of prenylated isoflavonoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Simons
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Wardell SE, Kazmin D, McDonnell DP. Research resource: Transcriptional profiling in a cellular model of breast cancer reveals functional and mechanistic differences between clinically relevant SERM and between SERM/estrogen complexes. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1235-48. [PMID: 22570330 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploitation of the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) structure and activity has led to the development of 1) selective ER modulators (SERM), compounds whose relative agonist/antagonist activities differ between target tissues; 2) selective ER degraders (SERD), compounds that induce a conformational change in the receptor that targets it for proteasomal degradation; and 3) tissue-selective estrogen complexes (TSEC), drugs in which a SERM and an ER agonist are combined to yield a blended activity that results in distinct clinical profiles. In this study, we have performed a comprehensive head-to-head analysis of the transcriptional activity of these different classes of ERM in a cellular model of breast cancer. Not surprisingly, these studies highlighted important functional differences and similarities among the existing SERM, selective ER degraders, and TSEC. Of particular importance was the identification of genes that were regulated by various TSEC combinations but not by an estrogen or SERM alone. Cumulatively, the findings of this analysis are informative with respect to the mechanisms by which ER is engaged by different enhancers/promoters and highlights how promoter context influences the pharmacological activity of ER ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Wardell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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50
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Centrella M, McCarthy TL. Estrogen receptor dependent gene expression by osteoblasts - direct, indirect, circumspect, and speculative effects. Steroids 2012; 77:174-84. [PMID: 22093482 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hormone activated estrogen receptors (ERs) have long been appreciated as potent mediators of gene expression in female reproductive tissues. These highly targeted responses likely evolved from more elemental roles in lower organisms, in agreement with their widespread effects in the cardiovascular, immunological, central nervous, and skeletal tissue systems. Still, despite intense investigation, the multiple and often perplexing roles of ERs retain significant attention. In the skeleton, this in part derives from apparently opposing effects by ER agonists on bone growth versus bone remodeling, and in younger versus older individuals. The complexity associated with ER activation can also derive from their interactions with other hormone and growth factor systems, and their direct and indirect effects on gene expression. We propose that part of this complexity results from essential interactions between ERs and other transcription factors, each with their own biochemical and molecular intricacies. Solving some of the many questions that persist may help to achieve better, or better directed, use of agents that can drive ER activation in focused and possibly tissue restricted ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Centrella
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, United States.
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