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Walker C, Garza S, Papadopoulos V, Culty M. Impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on steroidogenesis and consequences on testicular function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111215. [PMID: 33657436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Testicular steroidogenesis is a tightly regulated process that produces the androgens important for the development, maintenance and function of the male reproductive system. These androgens are also essential for overall health, and well-being. Disruptions in the ability of the testis to form steroids can result in developmental abnormalities, dysfunction, and infertility. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the intricate signaling and metabolizing networks that produce androgens and promote their dysfunction. These chemicals are found ubiquitously in our environment, as they are integral components of products that are used every day. The effects of EDCs, such as bisphenols, phthalates, and alkyl chemicals, have been studied independently, revealing deleterious effects; but the combined influence of these structures on steroidogenesis has yet to be completely elucidated. This manuscript presents an updated review on EDC mixtures and their impact on testicular function and fertility, highlighting new findings that illustrate the anti-androgenic capabilities of EDC mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Garza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Culty
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Héquet D, Mzoughi S, Rouzier R, Guccione E. [Androgen receptors in breast cancer: Expression, value and therapeutic prospects]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:363-369. [PMID: 28216075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer are characterized by lack of estrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and the absence of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It is a heterogeneous group of tumors with a more pejorative prognosis than other subtypes of breast cancer. Androgen receptors (AR) are nuclear receptors whose expression varies from 80 to 85% of primary breast cancers and 60 to 75% of metastatic cancers. Among the TN breast cancers, the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype expresses AR more frequently, up to 53% of the cases. AR are associated with lower tumor size, histological grade, Ki67, and lymph node involvement. The results of recent clinical trials evaluating anti-androgen therapies in locally advanced or metastatic TN breast cancer are promising. Many new therapies are tested, including enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate, and numerous therapeutic combinations including PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors or CDK inhibitors. These therapies would allow an alternative treatment of patients with TN breast cancer for which there is often a therapeutic impasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Héquet
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673 Singapour, Singapour; Centre René-Huguenin, institut Curie, département de chirurgie oncologique, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France.
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673 Singapour, Singapour
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Centre René-Huguenin, institut Curie, département de chirurgie oncologique, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France; Université Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, EA 7285 : risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale, 2, rue de la Source-de-la-Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673 Singapour, Singapour
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3
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Scaramuzzino C, Casci I, Parodi S, Lievens PMJ, Polanco MJ, Milioto C, Chivet M, Monaghan J, Mishra A, Badders N, Aggarwal T, Grunseich C, Sambataro F, Basso M, Fackelmayer FO, Taylor JP, Pandey UB, Pennuto M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 enhances polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor function and toxicity in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron 2015; 85:88-100. [PMID: 25569348 PMCID: PMC4305189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansion in androgen receptor (AR) is responsible for spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) that leads to selective loss of lower motor neurons. Using SBMA as a model, we explored the relationship between protein structure/function and neurodegeneration in polyglutamine diseases. We show here that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a specific co-activator of normal and mutant AR and that the interaction of PRMT6 with AR is significantly enhanced in the AR mutant. AR and PRMT6 interaction occurs through the PRMT6 steroid receptor interaction motif, LXXLL, and the AR activating function 2 surface. AR transactivation requires PRMT6 catalytic activity and involves methylation of arginine residues at Akt consensus site motifs, which is mutually exclusive with serine phosphorylation by Akt. The enhanced interaction of PRMT6 and mutant AR leads to neurodegeneration in cell and fly models of SBMA. These findings demonstrate a direct role of arginine methylation in polyglutamine disease pathogenesis. PRMT6 is a coactivator of AR whose function is enhanced by polyglutamine expansion PRMT6 methylates the AR at the two Akt consensus site motifs RXRXXS AR arginine methylation by PRMT6 and phosphorylation by Akt are mutually exclusive PRMT6 enhances mutant AR toxicity in spinobulbar muscular atrophy cells and flies
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ian Casci
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara Parodi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia M J Lievens
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria J Polanco
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carmelo Milioto
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mathilde Chivet
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - John Monaghan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nisha Badders
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tanya Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Sambataro
- Brain Center for Motor and Social Cognition, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@UniPR, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Frank O Fackelmayer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromosome Biology, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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4
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Testosterone increases renal anti-aging klotho gene expression via the androgen receptor-mediated pathway. Biochem J 2014; 464:221-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20140739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgen increases renal klotho gene expression.
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Hsu CL, Liu JS, Wu PL, Guan HH, Chen YL, Lin AC, Ting HJ, Pang ST, Yeh SD, Ma WL, Chen CJ, Wu WG, Chang C. Identification of a new androgen receptor (AR) co-regulator BUD31 and related peptides to suppress wild-type and mutated AR-mediated prostate cancer growth via peptide screening and X-ray structure analysis. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1575-87. [PMID: 25091737 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with individual anti-androgens is associated with the development of hot-spot mutations in the androgen receptor (AR). Here, we found that anti-androgens-mt-ARs have similar binary structure to the 5α-dihydrotestosterone-wt-AR. Phage display revealed that these ARs bound to similar peptides, including BUD31, containing an Fxx(F/H/L/W/Y)Y motif cluster with Tyr in the +5 position. Structural analyses of the AR-LBD-BUD31 complex revealed formation of an extra hydrogen bond between the Tyr+5 residue of the peptide and the AR. Functional studies showed that BUD31-related peptides suppressed AR transactivation, interrupted AR N-C interaction, and suppressed AR-mediated cell growth. Combination of peptide screening and X-ray structure analysis may serve as a new strategy for developing anti-ARs that simultaneously suppress both wt and mutated AR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Hsu
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Shin Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Po-Long Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hsiang Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ju Ting
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shauh-Der Yeh
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 104, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Guey Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- The George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 104, Taiwan.
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van de Wijngaart DJ, Dubbink HJ, van Royen ME, Trapman J, Jenster G. Androgen receptor coregulators: recruitment via the coactivator binding groove. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 352:57-69. [PMID: 21871527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are key regulators of male sexual differentiation and essential for development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues. The androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediate their effect by binding to, and activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Upon activation, the AR is able to recognize specific DNA sequences in gene promoters and enhancers from where it recruits coregulators to orchestrate chromatin remodeling and transcription regulation. The number of proteins that bind to the AR has surpassed 200 and many of them enhance (coactivator) or repress (corepressor) its transactivating capacity. For most of these coregulators, their AR binding interface and their exact mode of action still needs to be elucidated, but for some of the more classical coactivators and corepressors, we gained insight in their working mechanisms. Of particular interest are specific sequences (LxxLL and FxxLF-like motifs) in a subset of coactivators that interact with the AR via a coactivator binding groove in the ligand-binding domain. As compared to other steroid receptors, the conformation of the AR coactivator binding pocket is unique and preferentially binds FxxLF-like motifs. This predisposition is expected to contribute to the regulation of specific sets of target genes via recruitment of selected coregulators. This review provides an overview of these (inter)actions with a focus on the unique characteristics of the AR coactivator binding groove.
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Philibert P, Audran F, Pienkowski C, Morange I, Kohler B, Flori E, Heinrich C, Dacou-Voutetakis C, Joseph MG, Guedj AM, Journel H, Hecart-Bruna AC, Khotchali I, Ten S, Bouchard P, Paris F, Sultan C. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is frequently due to premature stop codons in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene: an international collaborative report of 13 new mutations. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:472-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gericke GS. Common chromosomal fragile sites (CFS) may be involved in normal and traumatic cognitive stress memory consolidation and altered nervous system immunity. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74:911-8. [PMID: 20138440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports of specific patterns of increased fragility at common chromosomal fragile sites (CFS) found in association with certain neurobehavioural disorders did not attract attention at the time due to a shift towards molecular approaches to delineate neuropsychiatric disorder candidate genes. Links with miRNA, altered methylation and the origin of copy number variation indicate that CFS region characteristics may be part of chromatinomic mechanisms that are increasingly linked with neuroplasticity and memory. Current reports of large-scale double-stranded DNA breaks in differentiating neurons and evidence of ongoing DNA demethylation of specific gene promoters in adult hippocampus may shed new light on the dynamic epigenetic changes that are increasingly appreciated as contributing to long-term memory consolidation. The expression of immune recombination activating genes in key stress-induced memory regions suggests the adoption by the brain of this ancient pattern recognition and memory system to establish a structural basis for long-term memory through controlled chromosomal breakage at highly specific genomic regions. It is furthermore considered that these mechanisms for management of epigenetic information related to stress memory could be linked, in some instances, with the transfer of the somatically acquired information to the germline. Here, rearranged sequences can be subjected to further selection and possible eventual retrotranscription to become part of the more stable coding machinery if proven to be crucial for survival and reproduction. While linkage of cognitive memory with stress and fear circuitry and memory establishment through structural DNA modification is proposed as a normal process, inappropriate activation of immune-like genomic rearrangement processes through traumatic stress memory may have the potential to lead to undesirable activation of neuro-inflammatory processes. These theories could have a significant impact on the interpretation of risks posed by heredity and the environment and the search for neuropsychiatric candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gericke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Brooklyn Square, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
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An integrative view of dynamic genomic elements influencing human brain evolution and individual neurodevelopment. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:360-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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