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Xie X, Liu X, Li R, Fan L, Huang F. ω‑3 fatty acids in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:94. [PMID: 38765861 PMCID: PMC11099599 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Epidemiological evidence and clinical trials have shown that ω-3 fatty acids have a variety of promoting effects in reducing the risk of ASCVD, but different conclusions of large randomized controlled trials make their clinical use in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD controversial. The present review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, clinical trials and evidence value of clinical applications of ω-3 fatty acids in order to provide theoretical and practical evidence for the clinical application strategy, and follow-up research and development of ω-3 fatty acids as anti-ASCVD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fan
- Clinical Trial Center for Drugs and Medical Devices, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P.R. China
| | - Fujing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P.R. China
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Azrita A, Syandri H, Zakeri H, Damanhuri H, Aryani N. Analysis of Fatty Acids and Amino Acids of Three Local Freshwater Bagridae Fish Species in the Kampar Kanan River, Indonesia, for Food Security. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:6639837. [PMID: 38223909 PMCID: PMC10783984 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6639837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fish have become an irreplaceable dietary source of animal protein, especially among households with low socioeconomic status in rural and urban areas of Indonesia. This study is aimed at analysing the proximate composition, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids of three local Bagridae fish species in the Kampar Kanan river, Indonesia. The standard AOAC method was employed to examine the proximate composition of the carcass, and the analysis of amino acids and fatty acids was conducted through HPLC and GC-MS, respectively. The mineral content was determined using AAS. The nutrient composition results of Hemibagrus nemurus, Hemibagrus wyckii, and Mystus nigriceps revealed that the protein content was 24.26%, 22.57%, and 21.39% (% dry weight), whereas the total lipid content was 6.64%, 7.47%, and 7.75%, respectively. Regarding mineral contents, the calcium levels ranged from 1.49 to 1.66 mg/g, iron levels from 28.35 to 40.36 μg/g, and zinc levels from 24.03 to 54.46 μg/g. Among the fatty acids, palmitic acid was the most abundant in all three species, accounting for 25.59-30.70% of the total fatty acids. Additionally, significant amounts of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), and C20:4 (arachidonic acid) were also detected as primary fatty acids. The calculated atherogenic index values in the three species of Bagridae fish ranged from 0.73 to 0.99, while the thrombogenic index values varied between 0.54 and 0.75. The predominant amino acids found in the three species of Bagridae fish were glutamic acid with their concentrations ranging from 9.10 to 24.34%. These results indicate that consuming the meat of these three freshwater Bagridae fish species caught in the wild does not pose any health risks to consumers. They can be considered a safe and suitable food source with good nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrita Azrita
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - Hafrijal Syandri
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - HazlinaAhamad Zakeri
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Harfiandri Damanhuri
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - Netti Aryani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau University, 28293 Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia
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Sherratt SCR, Libby P, Dawoud H, Bhatt DL, Malinski T, Mason RP. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and inflammation due to changes in protein expression during exposure to particulate matter air pollution. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114629. [PMID: 37027984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inhalation of air pollution small particle matter (PM) is a leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Exposure to PMs causes endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction as evidenced by nitric oxide (NO) synthase uncoupling, vasoconstriction and inflammation. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to mitigate PM-induced adverse cardiac changes in patients receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. We set out to determine the pro-inflammatory effects of multiple PMs (urban and fine) on pulmonary EC NO bioavailability and protein expression, and whether EPA restores EC function under these conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We pretreated pulmonary ECs with EPA and then exposed them to urban or fine air pollution PMs. LC/MS-based proteomic analysis to assess relative expression levels. Expression of adhesion molecules was measured by immunochemistry. The ratio of NO to peroxynitrite (ONOO-) release, an indication of eNOS coupling, was measured using porphyrinic nanosensors following calcium stimulation. Urban/fine PMs also modulated 9/12 and 13/36 proteins, respectively, linked to platelet and neutrophil degranulation pathways and caused > 50% (p < 0.001) decrease in the stimulated NO/ONOO- release ratio. EPA treatment altered expression of proteins involved in these inflammatory pathways, including a decrease in peroxiredoxin-5 and an increase in superoxide dismutase-1. EPA also increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), a cytoprotective protein, by 2.1-fold (p = 0.024). EPA reduced elevations in sICAM-1 levels by 22% (p < 0.01) and improved the NO/ONOO- release ratio by > 35% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These cellular changes may contribute to anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and lipid changes associated with EPA treatment during air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hazem Dawoud
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tadeusz Malinski
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - R Preston Mason
- Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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de Oliveira AS, Dos Santos BA, Farias CAA, Correa LP, Cordeiro MWS, Pinton MB, Barcia MT, Wagner R, Cichoski AJ, Barin JS, Lorenzo JM, Nieto G, Campagnol PCB. Raspberry Extract as a Strategy to Improve the Oxidative Stability of Pork Burgers Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081631. [PMID: 37107426 PMCID: PMC10137613 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogelled emulsions (HEs) of linseed oil and pea protein (PP) were produced with four levels (0, 5, 7.5, and 10%) of raspberry extract obtained by a green extraction technique (microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity-MHG). HEs were applied in burgers to replace 50% of pork backfat content. The products' technological, nutritional, oxidative, microbiological, and sensory properties were evaluated. Besides reducing the fat level by approximately 43%, the reformulation reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio to healthy levels, decreased the diameter reduction by 30%, and increased the cooking yield by 11%. Including 7.5 and 10% of raspberry extract in the HEs decreased the oxidative defects caused by the enrichment of the burgers with omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the raspberry extract did not cause alterations in the mesophilic aerobic count and the burgers' sensory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrieni Santos de Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Andressa Almeida Farias
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia Pereira Correa
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Madison Willy Silva Cordeiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Basso Pinton
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Cichoski
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano Smanioto Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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