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Rutter LA, ten Thij M, Lorenzo-Luaces L, Valdez D, Bollen J. Negative affect variability differs between anxiety and depression on social media. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0272107. [PMID: 38381769 PMCID: PMC10881019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative affect variability is associated with increased symptoms of internalizing psychopathology (i.e., depression, anxiety). The Contrast Avoidance Model (CAM) suggests that individuals with anxiety avoid negative emotional shifts by maintaining pathological worry. Recent evidence also suggests that the CAM can be applied to major depression and social phobia, both characterized by negative affect changes. Here, we compare negative affect variability between individuals with a variety of anxiety and depression diagnoses by measuring the levels and degree of change in the sentiment of their online communications. METHOD Participants were 1,853 individuals on Twitter who reported that they had been clinically diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (A cohort, n = 896) or a depressive disorder (D cohort, n = 957). Mean negative affect (NA) and negative affect variability were calculated using the Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER), an accurate sentiment analysis tool that scores text in terms of its negative affect content. RESULTS Findings showed differences in negative affect variability between the D and A cohort, with higher levels of NA variability in the D cohort than the A cohort, U = 367210, p < .001, r = 0.14, d = 0.25. Furthermore, we found that A and D cohorts had different average NA, with the D cohort showing higher NA overall, U = 377368, p < .001, r = 0.12, d = 0.21. LIMITATIONS Our sample is limited to individuals who disclosed their diagnoses online, which may involve bias due to self-selection and stigma. Our sentiment analysis of online text may not completely capture all nuances of individual affect. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with depression diagnoses showed a higher degree of negative affect variability compared to individuals with anxiety disorders. Our findings support the idea that negative affect variability can be measured using computational approaches on large-scale social media data and that social media data can be used to study naturally occurring mental health effects at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Rutter
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Marijn ten Thij
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL, United States of America
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Danny Valdez
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Johan Bollen
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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Macovei CM, Bumbuc Ș, Martinescu-Bădălan F. The role of personality traits in mediating the relation between fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1268052. [PMID: 37928579 PMCID: PMC10621049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation have many maladaptive outcomes and, in order to counteract their effects, it is essential to identify those psychological or social factors that make people vulnerable to them. One of these factors is the individual's personality structure: some personality traits increase the individuals' vulnerability to symptoms of social anxiety, while others protect them. Methods The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of HEXACO personality traits in mediating the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, in a sample of 352 cadets from the Land Forces Academy of Sibiu. The relationships between these concepts were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in several hypothetical models, two of which were ultimately validated. Results In the first model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism, separately. Furthermore, extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism play a serial mediating role in the association between the fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. In the second model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of social boldness, liveliness, and organization, separately, but not through altruism. Social boldness, liveliness, and organization played a serial mediating role in the relationship between the two constructs, while altruism moderated the relationship between liveliness, organization, and social interaction anxiety. Discussion Analysing the relationship between the individuals' personality traits, social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation facilitated the identification of ways to cultivate desirable behaviours in social environments typified by compliance, discipline, uniformity, and rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crenguța Mihaela Macovei
- Department of Applied Social Sciences and Humanities, “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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Nijenhuis B, van Zutphen T, Gul P, Otten E, Tijssen MAJ. Personality in speed skaters with skater's cramp: A preliminary cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111440. [PMID: 37523930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skater's cramp is a debilitating disorder in expert speedskaters and recent evidence from muscle and movement studies nominate it is a task-specific dystonia (TSD). Building on these studies we investigated clinical features and personality in skater's cramp, hypothesizing that similar to other TSDs, trait emotionality would be higher in affected skaters. METHODS In a cross-sectional study we employed the HEXACO inventory to examine the personality of a cohort of skaters with skater's cramp (n = 26) compared to age, sex, and experience-matched controls (n = 28). Affected skaters were selected based on relevant clinical features important to the diagnosis of TSD. RESULTS Sentimentality (a sub-factor of emotionality) was higher in affected skaters, but only in the male population. Extraversion was lower in skaters with skater's cramp. Clinical findings resembled other forms of TSD. DISCUSSION Higher sentimentality is in line with previous studies in TSD. Lower Extraversion in affected skaters was an unexpected finding that may be a new feature of skater's cramp and TSD. Due to our small sample size and cross-sectional design, these findings are preliminary, but offer tentative evidence of personality differences in skater's cramp in line with TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nijenhuis
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen / Faculty Campus Fryslân, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - T van Zutphen
- University of Groningen / Faculty Campus Fryslân, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - P Gul
- University of Groningen / Faculty Campus Fryslân, Wirdumerdijk 34, 8911 CE Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - E Otten
- University Groningen, Department of Movement Sciences, NL-9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M A J Tijssen
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Çıvgın U, Yorulmaz E, Yazar K. Mediator role of resilience in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptoms: COVID-19 Pandemic and supermarket employees. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-13. [PMID: 37359609 PMCID: PMC10163286 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current research aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits, resilience, and psychological symptom levels of front-line supermarket employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three-hundred and ten (310) supermarket employees participated in the research between March and May 2021. Participants filled out the questionnaire sets online The Demographic Information Form, Symptom Checklist, Five Factor Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults were presented as questionnaire sets. Pearson Correlation Analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between variables, Multiple Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to discover the predictors of symptom level. It was found that personality traits, resilience and psychological symptom levels are related to each other. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and resilience are significant predictors of psychological symptom level. In addition, resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptom levels. The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature and COVID-19 research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Çıvgın
- Asst. Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Elçin Yorulmaz
- Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Wang Y, Sun W, Miao J, Zhu Z, Liang W, Qiu X, Pan C, Li G, Lan Y, Zhao X, Xu Y. Nomogram including indirect bilirubin for the prediction of post-stroke depression at 3 months after mild acute ischemic stroke onset. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1093146. [PMID: 36846136 PMCID: PMC9945073 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been proven to be associated with stroke severity. Thus, we hypothesized that the prevalence of PSD would be lower in patients with mild stroke. We aim to explore predictors of depression at 3 months after mild acute ischemic stroke (MAIS) onset and to develop a practical and convenient prediction model for the early identification of patients at high risk. Methods A total of 519 patients with MAIS were consecutively recruited from three hospitals in Wuhan city, Hubei province. MAIS was defined as a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≤5 at admission. Meeting the DSM-V diagnostic criteria and a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) score of >7 at their 3-month follow-up were considered the primary outcomes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors adjusted for potential confounders, and all independent predictors were brought into the construction of a nomogram to predict PSD. Results The prevalence of PSD is up to 32% at 3 months after MAIS onset. After adjusting for potential confounders, indirect bilirubin (p = 0.029), physical activity (p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.025), hospitalization days (p = 0.014), neuroticism (p < 0.001), and MMSE (p < 0.001) remained independently and significantly related with PSD. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram jointly constructed by the aforementioned six factors was 0.723 (95% CI: 0.678-0.768). Conclusion The prevalence of PSD seems equally high even if the ischemic stroke is mild, which calls for great concern from clinicians. In addition, our study found that a higher level of indirect bilirubin can lower the risk of PSD. This finding may provide a potential new approach to PSD treatment. Furthermore, the nomogram including bilirubin is convenient and practical to predict PSD after MAIS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Liang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Schaack AK, Mocchi M, Przybyl KJ, Redei EE. Immediate stress alters social and object interaction and recognition memory in nearly isogenic rat strains with differing stress reactivity. Stress 2021; 24:911-919. [PMID: 34374625 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1958203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress prior to learning and recall is known to affect both processes depending on the learning paradigm, the sex of the animal, and their reactivity to stress. Male and female animals of the inbred Wistar-Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) and Less Immobile (WLI) strains were tested in the modified novel object and spatial recognition paradigm and in the social interaction-recognition paradigm immediately after a 30 min restraint stress. The WMI strain shows enhanced stress reactivity compared to its near isogenic WLI control and thus, represents a genetically stress-susceptible rodent model. Without stress, there were no strain differences in social or object recognition, but there were sex differences in both types of investigation. Immediate stress generally increased object investigation, but decreased social interaction in all groups, except the WMI males, who exhibited increased aggression toward the juveniles. While stress increased plasma corticosterone and decreased testosterone levels in WLI males as expected, it increased testosterone in the aggressive WMI males, despite elevated levels of corticosterone. Stress generally decreased recognition, except the spatial recognition of WMI females, which paradoxically improved after stress. The strain-specific effects of immediate stress indicate that stress unlocks the vulnerability encoded by the stable genetic differences between WLIs and WMIs to result in the observed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K Schaack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madaline Mocchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine J Przybyl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hassan R, Rowa K, McCabe RE, Lahat A, Schmidt LA. Shyness and anxiety: Protective role of extraversion. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aurora P, Coifman KG. Unpacking Social Avoidance and Substance Use in Social Anxiety: Does Extraversion Explain Behavior Variability? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wauthia E, Lefebvre L, Huet K, Blekic W, El Bouragui K, Rossignol M. Examining the Hierarchical Influences of the Big-Five Dimensions and Anxiety Sensitivity on Anxiety Symptoms in Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1185. [PMID: 31231271 PMCID: PMC6558314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS), namely the fear of anxiety symptoms, has been described as a precursor of sub-threshold anxiety levels. Sexton et al. (2003) posited that increased AS would arise from an elevated neuroticism and that both would act as vulnerability factors for panic disorder (PD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. Accordingly, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the applicability of this model to a pediatric population and (2) examine the influences of the other Big-Five personality dimensions on the four lower-order dimensions of AS (cognitive, physical, control, and physical) and on social phobia (SP), separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and depression symptoms. 200 children (104 girls) aged between 8 and 12 years old (mean age = 132.52 months, SD = 14.5) completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Silverman et al., 1991), the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (Barbaranelli et al., 2003), and the Revised’s Children Anxiety and Depression Scale (Chorpita et al., 2000). Regression analyses confirmed that AS and neuroticism together significantly predicted the presence of PD, OCD, and GAD symptoms but also SP, SAD, and depression symptoms. Moreover, neuroticism interacted with extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness to significantly predict SP, GAD, and depression. Surprisingly, the global AS score was only predicted by agreeableness, while AS dimensions also specifically related to openness. Finally, AS dimensions did not predict the presence of specific anxiety symptoms. To conclude, the predicting model of anxiety symptoms in children sets neuroticism and AS on the same level, with an unexpected influence of agreeableness on AS, raising the importance of other trait-like factors in the definition of such models. Moreover, AS should be considered as a unitary construct when predicting the presence of anxiety symptoms in children. Future interventions must consider these associations to help children detect and recognize the symptoms of their anxiety and help them to interpret them correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wauthia
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,National Fund for Human Research (FRESH), National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lefebvre
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kathy Huet
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory of Phonetics, Research Institute for Language Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Wivine Blekic
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,National Fund for Human Research (FRESH), National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Khira El Bouragui
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Mandy Rossignol
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
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Beery AK, Kaufer D. Stress, social behavior, and resilience: insights from rodents. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 1:116-127. [PMID: 25562050 PMCID: PMC4281833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined. The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be potent stressors; they can buffer the response to an external stressor; and social behavior often changes in response to stressful life experience. This review explores mechanistic and behavioral links between stress, anxiety, resilience, and social behavior in rodents, with particular attention to different social contexts. We consider variation between several different rodent species and make connections to research on humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese K. Beery
- Department of Psychology, Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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