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Pawelec KM, Hix JML, Shapiro EM. Material matters: Degradation products affect regenerating Schwann cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213825. [PMID: 38479242 PMCID: PMC10990769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Devices to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) must balance many considerations to effectively guide regenerating nerves across a gap and achieve functional recovery. To enhance efficacy, design features like luminal fillers have been explored extensively. Material choice for PNI devices is also critical, as the determining factor of device mechanics, and degradation rate and has increasingly been found to directly impact biological response. This study investigated the ways in which synthetic polymer materials impact the differentiation state and myelination potential of Schwann cells, peripheral nerve glia. Microporous substrates of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 85:15, or PLGA 50:50 were chosen, as materials already used in nerve repair devices, representing a wide range of mechanics and degradation profiles. Schwann cells co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons on the substrates expressed more mature myelination proteins (MPZ) on PLGA substrates compared to PCL. Changes to myelination and differentiation state of glia were reflected in adhesion proteins expressed by glia, including β-dystroglycan and integrin α6, both laminin binding proteins. Importantly, degradation products of the polymers affected glial expression independently of direct attachment. Fast degrading PLGA 50:50 substrates released measurable amounts of degradation products (lactic acid) within the culture period, which may push Schwann cells towards glycolytic metabolism, decreasing expression of early transcription factors like sox10. This study shows the importance of understanding not only material effects on attachment, but also on cellular metabolism which drives myelination responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendell M Pawelec
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| | - Jeremy M L Hix
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Physiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
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McNally DL, Macdougall LJ, Kirkpatrick BE, Maduka CV, Hoffman TE, Fairbanks BD, Bowman CN, Spencer SL, Anseth KS. Reversible Intracellular Gelation of MCF10A Cells Enables Programmable Control Over 3D Spheroid Growth. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302528. [PMID: 38142299 PMCID: PMC10939856 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In nature, some organisms survive extreme environments by inducing a biostatic state wherein cellular contents are effectively vitrified. Recently, a synthetic biostatic state in mammalian cells is achieved via intracellular network formation using bio-orthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions between functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers. In this work, the effects of intracellular network formation on a 3D epithelial MCF10A spheroid model are explored. Macromer-transfected cells are encapsulated in Matrigel, and spheroid area is reduced by ≈50% compared to controls. The intracellular hydrogel network increases the quiescent cell population, as indicated by increased p21 expression. Additionally, bioenergetics (ATP/ADP ratio) and functional metabolic rates are reduced. To enable reversibility of the biostasis effect, a photosensitive nitrobenzyl-containing macromer is incorporated into the PEG network, allowing for light-induced degradation. Following light exposure, cell state, and proliferation return to control levels, while SPAAC-treated spheroids without light exposure (i.e., containing intact intracellular networks) remain smaller and less proliferative through this same period. These results demonstrate that photodegradable intracellular hydrogels can induce a reversible slow-growing state in 3D spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney L McNally
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chima V Maduka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Timothy E Hoffman
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Sabrina L Spencer
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Marumo T, Maduka CV, Ural E, Apu EH, Chung SJ, Tanabe K, van den Berg NS, Zhou Q, Martin BA, Miura T, Rosenthal EL, Shibahara T, Contag CH. Flavinated SDHA underlies the change in intrinsic optical properties of oral cancers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1134. [PMID: 37945749 PMCID: PMC10636189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of reduced autofluorescence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells relative to normal cells has been speculated to be due to lower levels of free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). This speculation, along with differences in the intrinsic optical properties of extracellular collagen, lies at the foundation of the design of currently-used clinical optical detection devices. Here, we report that free FAD levels may not account for differences in autofluorescence of OSCC cells, but that the differences relate to FAD as a co-factor for flavination. Autofluorescence from a 70 kDa flavoprotein, succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), was found to be responsible for changes in optical properties within the FAD spectral region, with lower levels of flavinated SDHA in OSCC cells. Since flavinated SDHA is required for functional complexation with succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), decreased SDHB levels were observed in human OSCC tissue relative to normal tissues. Accordingly, the metabolism of OSCC cells was found to be significantly altered relative to normal cells, revealing vulnerabilities for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. Optimizing non-invasive tools based on optical and metabolic signatures of cancers will enable more precise and early diagnosis leading to improved outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Marumo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chima V Maduka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Comparative Medicine & Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Evran Ural
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seock-Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3100 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tadashi Miura
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Takahiko Shibahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Marumo T, Maduka CV, Ural E, Apu EH, Chung SJ, van den Berg NS, Zhou Q, Martin BA, Rosenthal EL, Shibahara T, Contag CH. Flavinated SDHA Underlies the Change in Intrinsic Optical Properties of Oral Cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.30.551184. [PMID: 37577521 PMCID: PMC10418065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.30.551184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of reduced autofluorescence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells relative to normal cells has been speculated to be due to lower levels of free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). This speculation, along with differences in the intrinsic optical properties of extracellular collagen, lie at the foundation of the design of currently-used clinical optical detection devices. Here, we report that free FAD levels may not account for differences in autofluorescence of OSCC cells, but that the differences relate to FAD as a co-factor for flavination. Autofluorescence from a 70 kDa flavoprotein, succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), was found to be responsible for changes in optical properties within the FAD spectral region with lower levels of flavinated SDHA in OSCC cells. Since flavinated SDHA is required for functional complexation with succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), decreased SDHB levels were observed in human OSCC tissue relative to normal tissues. Accordingly, the metabolism of OSCC cells was found to be significantly altered relative to normal cells, revealing vulnerabilities for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. Optimizing non-invasive tools based on optical and metabolic signatures of cancers will enable more precise and early diagnosis leading to improved outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Marumo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chima V. Maduka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Comparative Medicine & Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Evran Ural
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seock-Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nynke S. van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology – Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology – Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brock A. Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3100 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eben L. Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology – Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Takahiko Shibahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Christopher H. Contag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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