|
1
|
Zhou L, Zhao Z, Banitaba SN, Khademolqorani S, Han X, Chen G. Multipurpose triadic MXene/garlic/gellan gum-based architecture in the horizon of bone tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:2528-2544. [PMID: 39820160 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03995e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
The use of bioresorbable compositions has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for treating compromised bone tissues. Gellan gum (GG) is a predominant polysaccharide recognized for its exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability, facile bio-fabrication, and customizable mechanical attributes, rendering it well-suited for developing versatile bone scaffolds. On the other hand, MXene nanosheets have been declared a representational filler to augment the osteogenic effect and amend the mechanical properties of the polymeric biomaterials. Herein, the GG/MXene system was formulated to investigate the synergistic impact of gellan gum and MXene on promoting bone tissue engineering. Accordingly, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanogalleries were synthesized and loaded with 1, 3, and 5 wt% ratios into the GG matrix to fortify the overall performances. Based on the outcomes, the GG containing 1 wt% MXene showed a homogeneous surface with an optimized topography, providing greater amorphous regions (15%), boosted hydrophilicity (27.5°), and a favorable Young's modulus (13.43 MPa). Additionally, the designed scaffold provided exceptional osteogenetic adhesion and bactericidal behavior against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and -negative (E. coli) bacteria. To achieve more desirable biological performance, 1 ml garlic extract (GA) was introduced to the freeze-dried composite network. The results exhibited better cell attachment in the porous GA-mediated scaffold with furthered antibacterial features through an increase in the zone diameter breakpoint from 4.8 ± 0.2 and 5.0 ± 0.1 mm to 5.9 ± 0.3 and 6.2 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Therefore, embedding GA, alongside MXene layered nanomaterials, into the GG-based matrix could provide a convenient scaffolding architecture for guided bone regeneration, facilitating appropriate cell attachment, growth, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, Liaoning 116021, China.
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Hands and Feet Microsurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116021, China
| | | | - Sanaz Khademolqorani
- Emerald Experts laboratory, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, Liaoning 116021, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, Liaoning 116021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Wang Y, Duan H, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li J. Research Progress on the Application of Natural Medicines in Biomaterial Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:5607. [PMID: 39597430 PMCID: PMC11595593 DOI: 10.3390/ma17225607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous progress of biomedical technology, biomaterial coatings play an important role in improving the performance of medical devices and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. The application of natural medicine to biological materials has become a hot topic due to its diverse biological activity, low toxicity, and wide range of sources. This article introduces the definition and classification of natural medicines, lists some common natural medicines, such as curcumin, allicin, chitosan, tea polyphenols, etc., and lists some biological activities of some common natural medicines, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and other properties. According to the different characteristics of natural medicines, physical adsorption, chemical grafting, layer-by-layer self-assembly, sol-gel and other methods are combined with biomaterials, which can be used for orthopedic implants, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular stents, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, etc., to exert their biological activity. For example, improving antibacterial properties, promoting tissue regeneration, and improving biocompatibility promote the development of medical health. Although the development of biomaterials has been greatly expanded, it still faces some major challenges, such as whether the combination between the coating and the substrate is firm, whether the drug load is released sustainably, whether the dynamic balance will be disrupted, and so on; a series of problems affects the application of natural drugs in biomaterial coatings. In view of these problems, this paper summarizes some suggestions by evaluating the literature, such as optimizing the binding method and release system; carrying out more clinical application research; carrying out multidisciplinary cooperation; broadening the application of natural medicine in biomaterial coatings; and developing safer, more effective and multi-functional natural medicine coatings through continuous research and innovation, so as to contribute to the development of the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Guo M, Yu X, Yang Z, Zheng H, Zhang J, Wang J, Liao Y, Huang W, Lin Z, Yan Y, Qiu N, Chen J, Yu Y. Levamisole Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway in SD Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1504. [PMID: 39598415 PMCID: PMC11597538 DOI: 10.3390/ph17111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a protracted course, high rates of morbidity, and disability yet lacks effective therapeutic modalities. Levamisole (LVM), an immunomodulatory drug, has been clinically reported for its potential in RA treatment, while its therapeutic mechanism toward RA remains to be elucidated. Hence, this study provides theoretical support for the application of LVM in the treatment of RA. Methods: This study employed male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to construct the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model, administering LVM orally (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 45 mg/kg) for 25 days. An evaluation of LVM's therapeutic effects on RA was conducted through arthritis index scores, paw pad thickness, paw volume, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, 3D microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans, serum levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and serum biochemical indicators. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining were utilized to measure the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) proteins in synovial and ankle joint tissues. Results: Treatment with the median dose of LVM (15 mg/kg, M-LVM) significantly reduced the arthritis index (p < 0.01), paw pad thickness (p < 0.001), and paw volume (p < 0.01) without affecting body weight. Additionally, M-LVM alleviated inflammatory lesions in the synovium and ankle joints and also normalized serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The Model group exhibited significant increases in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.01), creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.05), and glucose (GLU) (p < 0.001) compared with the Control group; however, M-LVM effectively regulated these parameters to normal levels. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that PI3K-/Akt-related proteins were highly expressed in the synovial and ankle joint tissues of rats in the Model group, while treatment with M-LVM significantly reduced the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, histological examination of major organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and thymus) showed no significant pathological changes, with the exception of the spleen, where M-LVM ameliorated splenic lesions. Conclusions: We demonstrate that LVM at an optimal dose substantially relieves synovitis and bone erosion in AIA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiangbin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zesheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hanlu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yiqi Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Weirui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhaolong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yingxue Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Nengfu Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (M.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (N.Q.)
- Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Kushram P, Bose S. Improving Biological Performance of 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Garlic-Extract Nanoemulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48955-48968. [PMID: 39196793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Complex bone diseases such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, and osteoporosis often cause critical-size bone defects that the body cannot self-repair and require an advanced bone graft material to repair. We have fabricated 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate bone scaffolds functionalized with garlic extract (GE). GE was encapsulated in a nanoemulsion (GE-NE) to enhance bioavailability and stability. GE-NE showed ∼73% drug encapsulation efficiency, with an average particle size of 158 nm and a zeta potential of -14.2 mV. Release of GE-NEs from the scaffold displayed a controlled and biphasic release profile at both acidic and physiological mediums. Results from the osteosarcoma study show that GE-NE demonstrated ∼88% reduction in cancer cell growth while exhibiting no cytotoxicity toward bone-forming cells. Interaction for the functionalized scaffold with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a substantial reduction in bacteria growth by more than 90% compared to the unfunctionalized scaffold. These findings demonstrate the potential of GE-NEs-treated porous scaffolds to treat bone-related diseases, particularly for non-load bearing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kushram
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Bose S, Sarkar N, Jo Y. Natural medicine delivery from 3D printed bone substitutes. J Control Release 2024; 365:848-875. [PMID: 37734674 PMCID: PMC11147672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Unmet medical needs in treating critical-size bone defects have led to the development of numerous innovative bone tissue engineering implants. Although additive manufacturing allows flexible patient-specific treatments by modifying topological properties with various materials, the development of ideal bone implants that aid new tissue regeneration and reduce post-implantation bone disorders has been limited. Natural biomolecules are gaining the attention of the health industry due to their excellent safety profiles, providing equivalent or superior performances when compared to more expensive growth factors and synthetic drugs. Supplementing additive manufacturing with natural biomolecules enables the design of novel multifunctional bone implants that provide controlled biochemical delivery for bone tissue engineering applications. Controlled release of naturally derived biomolecules from a three-dimensional (3D) printed implant may improve implant-host tissue integration, new bone formation, bone healing, and blood vessel growth. The present review introduces us to the current progress and limitations of 3D printed bone implants with drug delivery capabilities, followed by an in-depth discussion on cutting-edge technologies for incorporating natural medicinal compounds embedded within the 3D printed scaffolds or on implant surfaces, highlighting their applications in several pre- and post-implantation bone-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| | - Naboneeta Sarkar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Yongdeok Jo
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|