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The Role of Gene Elongation in the Evolution of Histidine Biosynthetic Genes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050732. [PMID: 32414216 PMCID: PMC7284861 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene elongation is a molecular mechanism consisting of an in-tandem duplication of a gene and divergence and fusion of the two copies, resulting in a gene constituted by two divergent paralogous modules. The aim of this work was to evaluate the importance of gene elongation in the evolution of histidine biosynthetic genes and to propose a possible evolutionary model for some of them. Concerning the genes hisA and hisF, which code for two homologous (β/α)8-barrels, it has been proposed that the two extant genes could be the result of a cascade of gene elongation/domain shuffling events starting from an ancestor gene coding for just one (β/α) module. A gene elongation event has also been proposed for the evolution of hisB and hisD; structural analyses revealed the possibility of an early elongation event, resulting in the repetition of modules. Furthermore, it is quite possible that the gene elongations responsible for the evolution of the four proteins occurred before the earliest phylogenetic divergence. In conclusion, gene elongation events seem to have played a crucial role in the evolution of the histidine biosynthetic pathway, and they may have shaped the structures of many genes during the first steps of their evolution.
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Alterio V, Kellner M, Esposito D, Liesche-Starnecker F, Bua S, Supuran CT, Monti SM, Zeidler R, De Simone G. Biochemical and Structural Insights into Carbonic Anhydrase XII/Fab6A10 Complex. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4910-4921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Langella E, Buonanno M, Vullo D, Dathan N, Leone M, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Monti SM. Biochemical, biophysical and molecular dynamics studies on the proteoglycan-like domain of carbonic anhydrase IX. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3283-3296. [PMID: 29564477 PMCID: PMC11105230 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) is a tumour-associated enzyme present in a limited number of normal tissues, but overexpressed in several malignant human tumours. It is a transmembrane protein, where the extracellular region consists of a greatly investigated catalytic CA domain and a much less investigated proteoglycan-like (PG) domain. Considering its important role in tumour biology, here, we report for the first time the full characterization of the PG domain, providing insights into its structural and functional features. In particular, this domain has been produced at high yields in bacterial cells and characterized by means of biochemical, biophysical and molecular dynamics studies. Results show that it belongs to the family of intrinsically disordered proteins, being globally unfolded with only some local residual polyproline II secondary structure. The observed conformational flexibility may have several important roles in tumour progression, facilitating interactions of hCA IX with partner proteins assisting tumour spreading and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Buonanno M, Coppola M, Di Lelio I, Molisso D, Leone M, Pennacchio F, Langella E, Rao R, Monti SM. Prosystemin, a prohormone that modulates plant defense barriers, is an intrinsically disordered protein. Protein Sci 2017; 27:620-632. [PMID: 29168260 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prosystemin, originally isolated from Lycopersicon esculentum, is a tomato pro-hormone of 200 aminoacid residues which releases a bioactive peptide of 18 aminoacids called Systemin. This signaling peptide is involved in the activation of defense genes in solanaceous plants in response to herbivore feeding damage. Using biochemical, biophysical and bioinformatics approaches we characterized Prosystemin, showing that it is an intrinsically disordered protein possessing a few secondary structure elements within the sequence. Plant treatment with recombinant Prosystemin promotes early and late plant defense genes, which limit the development and survival of Spodoptera littoralis larvae fed with treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Donata Molisso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
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Structures of Medicago truncatula L-Histidinol Dehydrogenase Show Rearrangements Required for NAD + Binding and the Cofactor Positioned to Accept a Hydride. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10476. [PMID: 28874718 PMCID: PMC5585171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, lower eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaebacteria synthesise L-histidine (His) in a similar, multistep pathway that is absent in mammals. This makes the His biosynthetic route a promising target for herbicides, antifungal agents, and antibiotics. The last enzyme of the pathway, bifunctional L-histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH, EC 1.1.1.23), catalyses two oxidation reactions: from L-histidinol (HOL) to L-histidinaldehyde and from L-histidinaldehyde to His. Over the course of the reaction, HDH utilises two molecules of NAD+ as the hydride acceptor. The object of this study was the HDH enzyme from the model legume plant, Medicago truncatula (MtHDH). Three crystal structures complexed with imidazole, HOL, and His with NAD+ provided in-depth insights into the enzyme architecture, its active site, and the cofactor binding mode. The overall structure of MtHDH is similar to the two bacterial orthologues whose three-dimensional structures have been determined. The three snapshots, with the MtHDH enzyme captured in different states, visualise structural rearrangements that allow for NAD+ binding for the first time. Furthermore, the MtHDH complex with His and NAD+ displays the cofactor molecule situated in a way that would allow for a hydride transfer.
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Turtaut F, Lopez M, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Köhler S, Winum JY. Oxo- and thiooxo-imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidine molecule library: beyond their interest in inhibition of Brucella suis histidinol dehydrogenase, a powerful protection tool in the synthesis of histidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5008-10. [PMID: 25278235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH) has been established as a virulence factor for the human pathogen bacterium Brucella suis. Targeting such a virulence factor is a relevant anti-infectious approach as it could decrease the frequency of antibiotic resistance appearance. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a family of oxo- and thioxo-imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidines, potential enzyme inhibitors. Beyond their anti-HDH activity, the synthesis approach of these molecules, never described before, is highly original and these oxo- and thioxo- derivatives can improve dramatically the efficiency of the histidine protection pathway for the synthesis of histidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Turtaut
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France; Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France; Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France.
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Immunoproteomics of Brucella abortus RB51 as candidate antigens in serological diagnosis of brucellosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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