1
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Sikora H, Gruba N, Wysocka M, Piwkowska A, Lesner A. Optimization of fluorescent substrates for ADAM17 and their utility in the detection of diabetes. Anal Biochem 2023; 681:115337. [PMID: 37783443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is a sheddase that releases various types of membrane-associated proteins, including adhesive molecules, cytokines and their receptors, and inflammatory mediators. Evidence suggests that the enzyme is involved in the proteolytic cleavage of antiaging transmembrane protein Klotho (KL). What is more, reduced serum and urinary KL levels are observed in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to optimise the ADAM17 specific and selective fluorescent substrates. Then, the obtained substrate was used to detect the enzyme in urine samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes. It turned out that in all cases we were able to detect proteolytic activity, which was the opposite of the healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata Sikora
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Gitlin-Domagalska A, Dębowski D, Maciejewska A, Samsonov S, Maszota-Zieleniak M, Ptaszyńska N, Łęgowska A, Rolka K. Cyclic Peptidic Furin Inhibitors Developed by Combinatorial Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:458-465. [PMID: 37077382 PMCID: PMC10107917 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Furin is a human serine protease responsible for activating numerous physiologically relevant cell substrates and is also involved in the development of various pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cancers, and viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, compounds with the ability to inhibit furin's proteolytic action are regarded as potential therapeutics. Here we took the combinatorial chemistry approach (library consisting of 2000 peptides) to obtain new, strong, and stable peptide furin inhibitors. The extensively studied trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 was used as a leading structure. A selected monocylic inhibitor was further modified to finally yield five mono- or bicyclic furin inhibitors with values of K i in the subnanomolar range. Inhibitor 5 was the most active (K i = 0.21 nM) and significantly more proteolytically resistant than the reference furin inhibitor described in the literature. Moreover, it reduced furin-like activity in PANC-1 cell lysate. Detailed analysis of furin-inhibitor complexes using molecular dynamics simulations is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Maciejewska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sergey Samsonov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Maszota-Zieleniak
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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3
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Bąchor R. Peptidyl-Resin Substrates as a Tool in the Analysis of Caspase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134107. [PMID: 35807352 PMCID: PMC9268085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspases, proteolytic enzymes belonging to the group of cysteine proteases, play a crucial role in apoptosis. Understanding their activity and substrate specificity is extremely important. Fluorescence-based approaches, including fluorogenic substrates, are generally used to confirm cleavage preferences. Here we present a new method of substrate specificity and activity analysis based on the application of fix-charge tagged peptides located on the resin. The proteolysis of peptide bond on the resin, occurring even with low efficiency, results in the formation of N-terminal fragments of model peptide containing ionization enhancers in the form of quaternary ammonium groups, allowing for ultrasensitive and reliable analysis by LC-MS/MS. The possibility of application of the proposed solution was tested through the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspase 3 or 7. The obtained results confirm the known substrate specificity of executioner caspases. Our solution also allowed us to observe that caspases can hydrolyze peptides shorter than those presented to date in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Bąchor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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5
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Kasperkiewicz P. Peptidyl Activity-Based Probes for Imaging Serine Proteases. Front Chem 2021; 9:639410. [PMID: 33996745 PMCID: PMC8117214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Products of this breakdown mediate signaling in an enormous number of biological processes. Serine proteases constitute the most numerous group of proteases, accounting for 40%, and they are prevalent in many physiological functions, both normal and disease-related functions, making them one of the most important enzymes in humans. The activity of proteases is controlled at the expression level by posttranslational modifications and/or endogenous inhibitors. The study of serine proteases requires specific reagents not only for detecting their activity but also for their imaging. Such tools include inhibitors or substrate-related chemical molecules that allow the detection of proteolysis and visual observation of active enzymes, thus facilitating the characterization of the activity of proteases in the complex proteome. Peptidyl activity-based probes (ABPs) have been extensively studied recently, and this review describes the basic principles in the design of peptide-based imaging agents for serine proteases, provides examples of activity-based probe applications and critically discusses their strengths, weaknesses, challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Breidenbach J, Bartz U, Gütschow M. Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140445. [PMID: 32405284 PMCID: PMC7219385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. As components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs, coumarins have frequently been applied in substrate mapping approaches for serine and cysteine proteases. This review also focuses on the incorporation of coumarins into the side chain of amino acids and the exploitation of the resulting fluorescent amino acids for the positional profiling of protease substrates. The protease-inhibiting properties of certain coumarin derivatives and the utilization of coumarin moieties to assemble activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases are discussed as well. Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. Coumarins are components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs in substrate mapping of proteases. Coumarins have been incorporated into amino acids side chains to be used for the positional profiling of protease substrates. Coumarins have protease-inhibiting properties and are used for activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Groborz K, Kołt S, Kasperkiewicz P, Drag M. Internally quenched fluorogenic substrates with unnatural amino acids for cathepsin G investigation. Biochimie 2019; 166:103-111. [PMID: 31103725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin G is one of four members of the neutrophil serine protease family and constitutes an important biological target in various human inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and cystic fibrosis. Many studies have been focused on determining its biological roles, the latest ones concerning its involvement in acute myeloid leukemia, and as such, multiple chemical and biochemical tools were developed to investigate cathepsin G. Nevertheless, most of them lack selectivity or sensitivity and therefore cannot be used in complex systems. Here we present the development of an optimal cathepsin G Internally Quenched Fluorescence (IQF) substrate that incorporates unnatural amino acids causing the increase of its selectivity toward neutrophil elastase and potency in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sonia Kołt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Abstract
Matriptase-2 (MT2) is a membrane-anchored proteolytic enzyme. It acts as the proteolytic key regulator in human iron homeostasis. A high expression level can lead to iron overload diseases, whereas mutations in the gene encoding MT2, TMPRSS6, may result in various forms of iron deficiency anemia. Recently, MT2 has been reported as a positive prognostic factor in breast and prostate cancers. However, the exact functions of MT2 in various pathophysiological conditions are still not fully understood. In this review, we describe the synthetic tools designed and synthesized to regulate or monitor MT2 proteolytic activity and present the latest knowledge about the role of MT2 in iron homeostasis and cancer.
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9
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Mangold M, Gütschow M, Stirnberg M. A Short Peptide Inhibitor as an Activity-Based Probe for Matriptase-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020049. [PMID: 29883401 PMCID: PMC6027297 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase-2 is a type II transmembrane serine protease and a key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Since the activation mechanism and several features of the physiological role of matriptase-2 are not fully understood, there is strong need for analytical tools to perform tasks such as distinguishing active and inactive matriptase-2. For this purpose we present a short biotinylated peptide derivative with a chloromethyl ketone group, biotin-RQRR-CMK, as an activity-based probe for matriptase-2. Biotin-RQRR-CMK was kinetically characterized and exhibited a second-order rate constant of inactivation (kinac/Ki) of 10,800 M−1 s−1 towards the matriptase-2 activity in the supernatant of transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Biotin-RQRR-CMK was able to label active matriptase-2, as visualized in western blot experiments. Pretreatment with aprotinin, an active-site directed inhibitor of serine proteases, protected matriptase-2 from the reaction with biotin-RQRR-CMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mangold
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
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10
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Gitlin-Domagalska A, Dębowski D, Łęgowska A, Stirnberg M, Okońska J, Gütschow M, Rolka K. Design and chemical syntheses of potent matriptase-2 inhibitors based on trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 isolated from sunflower seeds. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63; Gdansk 80-308 Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63; Gdansk 80-308 Poland
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63; Gdansk 80-308 Poland
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4; Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Joanna Okońska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63; Gdansk 80-308 Poland
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4; Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63; Gdansk 80-308 Poland
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11
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Wysocka M, Sychowska K, Gruba N, Winiarski Ł, Skoreński M, Psurski M, Makowska J, Giełdoń A, Wenta T, Jarząb M, Glaza P, Zdancewicz J, Sieńczyk M, Lipińska B, Lesner A. Selection of Effective HTRA3 Activators Using Combinatorial Chemistry. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:565-573. [PMID: 28741928 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report selection, synthesis, and enzymatic evaluation of a peptidomimetic library able to increase proteolytic activity of HtrA3 (high temperature requirement A) protease. Iterative deconvolution in solution of synthesized modified pentapeptides yielded two potent HtrA3 activators acting in the micromolar range (HCOO-CH2O-C6H4-OCH2-CO-Tyr-Asn-Phe-His-Asn-OH and HCOO-CH2O-C6H4-OCH2-CO-Tyr-Asn-Phe-His-Glu-OH). Both compounds increased proteolysis of an artificial HtrA3 substrate over 40-fold in a selective manner. On the basis of molecular modeling, the selected compounds bind strongly to the PDZ domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Sychowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Winiarski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Skoreński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental
Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Giełdoń
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jarząb
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Glaza
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipińska
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, PL80952 Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Modulating the selectivity of matriptase-2 inhibitors with unnatural amino acids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Highly sensitive and adaptable fluorescence-quenched pair discloses the substrate specificity profiles in diverse protease families. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43135. [PMID: 28230157 PMCID: PMC5322338 DOI: 10.1038/srep43135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) peptide substrates originating from FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) are powerful tool for examining the activity and specificity of proteases, and a variety of donor/acceptor pairs are extensively used to design individual substrates and combinatorial libraries. We developed a highly sensitive and adaptable donor/acceptor pair that can be used to investigate the substrate specificity of cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteinases. This novel pair comprises 7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin (ACC) as the fluorophore and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine (Lys(DNP)) as the quencher. Using caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, neutrophil elastase, legumain, and two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), we demonstrated that substrates containing ACC/Lys(DNP) exhibit 7 to 10 times higher sensitivity than conventional 7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl acetic acid (MCA)/Lys(DNP) substrates; thus, substantially lower amounts of substrate and enzyme can be used for each assay. We therefore propose that the ACC/Lys(DNP) pair can be considered a novel and sensitive scaffold for designing substrates for any group of endopeptidases. We further demonstrate that IQF substrates containing unnatural amino acids can be used to investigate protease activities/specificities for peptides containing post-translationally modified amino acids. Finally, we used IQF substrates to re-investigate the P1-Asp characteristic of caspases, thus demonstrating that some human caspases can also hydrolyze substrates after glutamic acid.
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14
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Gruba N, Wysocka M, Brzezińska M, Dębowski D, Sieńczyk M, Gorodkiewicz E, Guszcz T, Czaplewski C, Rolka K, Lesner A. Bladder cancer detection using a peptide substrate of the 20S proteasome. FEBS J 2016; 283:2929-48. [PMID: 27326540 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The 20S catalytic core of the human 26S proteasome can be secreted from cells, and high levels of extracellular 20S proteasome have been linked to many types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Several diagnostic approaches have been developed that detect 20S proteasome activity in plasma, but these suffer from problems with efficiency and sensitivity. In this report, we describe the optimization and synthesis of an internally quenched fluorescent substrate of the 20S proteasome, and investigate its use as a potential diagnostic test in bladder cancer. This peptide, 2-aminobenzoic acid (ABZ)-Val-Val-Ser-Tyr-Ala-Met-Gly-Tyr(3-NO2 )-NH2 , is cleaved by the chymotrypsin 20S proteasome subunit and displays an excellent specificity constant value (9.7 × 10(5) m(-1) ·s(-1) ) and a high kcat (8 s(-1) ). Using this peptide, we identified chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in the majority of urine samples obtained from patients with bladder cancer, whereas the proteasome activity in urine samples from healthy volunteers was below the detection limit (0.5 pm). These findings were confirmed by an inhibitory study and immunochemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guszcz
- Department of Urology, J. Sniadecki Provincial Hospital of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Häußler D, Mangold M, Furtmann N, Braune A, Blaut M, Bajorath J, Stirnberg M, Gütschow M. Phosphono Bisbenzguanidines as Irreversible Dipeptidomimetic Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes of Matriptase-2. Chemistry 2016; 22:8525-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Mangold
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT; LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstrasse 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT; LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstrasse 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
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16
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Beckmann AM, Maurer E, Lülsdorff V, Wilms A, Furtmann N, Bajorath J, Gütschow M, Stirnberg M. En Route to New Therapeutic Options for Iron Overload Diseases: Matriptase-2 as a Target for Kunitz-Type Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2016; 17:595-604. [PMID: 26762582 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cell-surface serine protease matriptase-2 is a critical stimulator of iron absorption by negatively regulating hepcidin, the key hormone of iron homeostasis. Thus, it has attracted much attention as a target in primary and secondary iron overload diseases. Here, we have characterised Kunitz-type inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1) and HAI-2 as powerful, slow-binding matriptase-2 inhibitors. The binding modes of the matriptase-2-HAI complexes were suggested by molecular modelling. Different assays, including cell-free and cell-based measurements of matriptase-2 activity, determination of inhibition constants and evaluation of matriptase-2 inhibition by analysis of downstream effects in human liver cells, demonstrated that matriptase-2 is an excellent target for Kunitz inhibitors. In particular, HAI-2 is considered a promising scaffold for the design of potent and selective matriptase-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Maurer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Lülsdorff
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Wilms
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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17
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3,1-Benzothiazines, 1,4-Benzodioxines and 1,4-Benzoxazines as Inhibitors of Matriptase-2: Outcome of a Focused Screening Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010002. [PMID: 26771619 PMCID: PMC4812366 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver enzyme matriptase-2 is a multi-domain, transmembrane serine protease with an extracellular, C-terminal catalytic domain. Synthetic low-molecular weight inhibitors of matriptase-2 have potential as therapeutics to treat iron overload syndromes, in particular in patients with β-thalassemia. A sub-library of 64 compounds was screened for matriptase-2 inhibition and several active compounds were identified. (S)-Ethyl 2-(benzyl(3-((4-carbamidoylphenoxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)amino)-2-oxoacetate ((S)-12) showed an IC50 value of less than 10 µM. Structure-activity relationships were discussed and proposals to design new matriptase-2 inhibitors were made.
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18
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Metalloprotease meprin β is activated by transmembrane serine protease matriptase-2 at the cell surface thereby enhancing APP shedding. Biochem J 2015; 470:91-103. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalloprotease meprin β is a sheddase of transmembrane proteins. We identified serine protease matriptase-2 (MT2) as a specific activator of meprin β at the cell surface. This provides mechanistic insight for the regulation of meprin β activity and demonstrates clear differences in proenzyme activation.
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19
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Gitlin A, Dębowski D, Karna N, Łęgowska A, Stirnberg M, Gütschow M, Rolka K. Inhibitors of Matriptase-2 Based on the Trypsin Inhibitor SFTI-1. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1601-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Wysocka M, Wojtysiak A, Okońska M, Gruba N, Jarząb M, Wenta T, Lipińska B, Grzywa R, Sieńczyk M, Rolka K, Lesner A. Design and synthesis of new substrates of HtrA2 protease. Anal Biochem 2015; 475:44-52. [PMID: 25640585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HtrA2 belongs to the HtrA (high temperature requirement A) family of ATP-independent serine proteases. The primary function of HtrA2 includes maintaining the mitochondria homeostasis, cell death (by apoptosis, necrosis, or anoikis), and contribution to the cell signaling. Several recent reports have shown involvement of HtrA2 in development of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe the profiling of HtrA2 protease substrate specificity via the combinatorial chemistry approach that led to the selection of novel intramolecularly quenched substrates. For all synthesized compounds, the highest HtrA2-mediated hydrolysis efficiency and selectivity among tested HtrA family members was observed for ABZ-Ile-Met-Thr-Abu-Tyr-Met-Phe-Tyr(3-NO2)-NH2, which displayed a specificity constant kcat/KM value of 14,535M(-1)s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wojtysiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Gruba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jarząb
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Reneta Grzywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw Technical University, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw Technical University, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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21
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Duchêne D, Colombo E, Désilets A, Boudreault PL, Leduc R, Marsault E, Najmanovich R. Analysis of Subpocket Selectivity and Identification of Potent Selective Inhibitors for Matriptase and Matriptase-2. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10198-204. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5015633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Duchêne
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eloïc Colombo
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Antoine Désilets
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rafael Najmanovich
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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