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Yang Q, Liao J, Feng L, Wang S, Zhao Z, Wang J, Bu Y, Zhuang J, Zhang DW. One-step construction of multiplexed enzymatic biosensors using light-addressable electrochemistry on a single silicon photoelectrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116194. [PMID: 38467100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The multiplexed detection of metabolites in parallel within a single biosensor plate is sufficiently valuable but also challenging. Herein, we combine the inherent light addressability of silicon with the high selectivity of enzymes, for the construction of multiplexed photoelectrochemical enzymatic biosensors. To conduct a stable electrochemistry and reagentless biosensing on silicon, a new strategy involving the immobilization of both redox mediators and enzymes using an amide bond-based hydrogel membrane was proposed. The membrane characterization results demonstrated a covalent coupling of ferrocene mediator to hydrogel, in which the mediator acted as not only a signal generator but also a renewable sacrifice agent. By adding corresponding enzymes on different spots of hydrogel membrane modified silicon and recording local photocurrents with a moveable light pointer, this biosensor setup was used successfully to detect multiple metabolites, such as lactate, glucose, and sarcosine, with good analytical performances. The limits of detection of glucose, sarcosine and lactate were found to be 179 μM, 16 μM, and 780 μM with the linear ranges of 0.5-2.5 mM, 0.3-1.5 mM, and 1.0-3.0 mM, respectively. We believe this proof-of-concept study provides a simple and rapid one-step immobilization approach for the fabrication of reagentless enzymatic assays with silicon-based light-addressable electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Luyao Feng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yazhong Bu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Institute of Medical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Wang X, Jia C, Wang S, Dong Y. Coreactant-free strong Ru(bpy) 32+ ECL at ionic liquid modified electrode and its application in sensitive detection of glucose based on resonance energy transfer. Talanta 2024; 270:125584. [PMID: 38142614 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have realized the strong anodic ECL emission of Ru(bpy)32+ at ionic liquid (N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate) modified electrode without additional coreactant. Methylene blue (MB) could accept the energy of Ru(bpy)32+ ECL to construct resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system, leading to the decrease of ECL signal. In the presence of glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide generated from the oxidation process of glucose could oxidize MB and block the ECL-RET route, resulting in the recovery of ECL signal. As a consequence, the designed sensor showed outstanding performance for "signal-on" detection of glucose in the concentration range of 10 μM to 1 mM, and the detection limit was determined as 1.75 μM. Importantly, this study revealed new roles of ILs in the fabrication of coreactant-free ECL sensing, which might open up a promising route for the potential design and implement in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
| | - Changbo Jia
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China
| | - Shangbing Wang
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
| | - Yongping Dong
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
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Melo RLF, Neto FS, Dari DN, Fernandes BCC, Freire TM, Fechine PBA, Soares JM, Dos Santos JCS. A comprehensive review on enzyme-based biosensors: Advanced analysis and emerging applications in nanomaterial-enzyme linkage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130817. [PMID: 38479669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors with nanomaterials and enzymes detect and quantify specific targets in samples, converting recognition into measurable signals. The study explores the intrinsic synergy between these elements for detecting and quantifying particular targets in biological and environmental samples, with results demonstrated through bibliometric analysis and a comprehensive review of enzyme-based biosensors. Using WoS, 57,331 articles were analyzed and refined to 880. Key journals, countries, institutions, and relevant authors were identified. The main areas highlighted the multidisciplinary nature of the field, and critical keywords identified five thematic clusters, revealing the primary nanoparticles used (CNTs, graphene, AuNPs), major application fields, basic application themes, and niche topics such as sensitive detection, peroxidase activity, and quantum dot utilization. The biosensor overview covered nanomaterials and their primary applications, addressing recent advances and inherent challenges. Patent analysis emphasized the U.S. leadership in the industrial sector, contrasting with China's academic prominence. Future studies should focus on enhancing biosensor portability and analysis speed, with challenges encompassing efficient integration with recent technologies and improving stability and reproducibility in the nanomaterial-enzyme interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Leandro Fernandes Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 729, CEP 60440-554 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Simão Neto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Dayana Nascimento Dari
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Departamento de Agronomia e Ciência Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró CEP 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Tiago Melo Freire
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Maria Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró CEP 59610-090, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil.
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Ben Trad F, Carré B, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Electrochemiluminescent imaging of a NADH-based enzymatic reaction confined within giant liposomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05133-y. [PMID: 38227016 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, transient releases either from NADH-loaded liposomes or enzymatic reactions confined in giant liposomes were imaged by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). NADH was first encapsulated with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophore inside giant liposomes (around 100 µm in diameter) made of DOPC/DOPG phospholipids (i.e., 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt) on their inner- and outer-leaflet, respectively. Then, membrane permeabilization triggered upon contact between the liposome and a polarized ITO electrode surface and ECL was locally generated. Combination of amperometry, photoluminescence, and ECL provided a comprehensive monitoring of a single liposome opening and content release. In a second part, the work is focused on the ECL characterization of NADH produced by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the confined environment delimited by the liposome membrane. This was achieved by encapsulating both the ECL and catalytic reagents (i.e., the GDH, glucose, NAD+, and [Ru(bpy)3]2+) in the liposome. In accordance with the results obtained, NADH can be used as a biologically compatible ECL co-reactant to image membrane permeabilization events of giant liposomes. Under these conditions, the ECL signal duration was rather long (around 10 s). Since many enzymatic reactions involve the NADH/NAD+ redox couple, this work opens up interesting prospects for the characterization of enzymatic reactions taking place notably in artificial cells and in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bixente Carré
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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Huang LL, Chua ZQ, Buchowiecki K, Raju CM, Urban PL. Hydrogel-enzyme micropatch array format for chemical mapping: A proof of concept. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115599. [PMID: 37611447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Conventional sensing methods report on concentrations of analytes in a single point of sampled medium or provide an average value. However, distributions of substances on surfaces of sampled objects often exhibit intricate inhomogeneities. In order to obtain snapshots of the chemical distributions on surfaces, we have developed enzyme-loaded hydrogel arrays (5 × 5 and 10 × 10). The acrylic 10 × 10 array base contains 100 holes, which are filled with agarose hydrogel containing assay enzymes and substrates. Such arrays can be exposed to the analyzed surfaces to collect minute amounts of analytes. Following a brief incubation, they are subsequently visualized in a custom-built array reader device. The reader incorporates a light-emitting diode-based light source, miniature camera, and Raspberry Pi single-board computer. Two Python programs capture and analyze the images of the array to extract pixel saturation values corresponding to individual hydrogel micropatches. The method has been thoroughly optimized for mapping of glucose and lactic acid. The optimized parameters were: contact time, agarose concentration, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration ratio, and enzyme concentration. The array biosensor was further tested by mapping glucose distribution in fruit/vegetable cross-sections (apple, guava, and cucumber) and lactic acid distribution in cheese. We think that this new hydrogel-based chemical mapping method can find applications in studies related to food science, plant physiology, clinical chemistry, and forensics; wherever the distributions of analytes on the tested surfaces need to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Zi Qing Chua
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Krzysztof Buchowiecki
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chamarthi Maheswar Raju
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
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Zhukova GV, Sutormin OS, Sukovataya IE, Maznyak NV, Kratasyuk VA. Bioluminescent-Triple-Enzyme-Based Biosensor with Lactate Dehydrogenase for Non-Invasive Training Load Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2865. [PMID: 36905066 PMCID: PMC10007358 DOI: 10.3390/s23052865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is one of the most significant biological liquids for the development of a simple, rapid, and non-invasive biosensor for training load diagnostics. There is an opinion that enzymatic bioassays are more relevant in terms of biology. The present paper is aimed at investigating the effects of saliva samples, upon altering the lactate content, on the activity of a multi-enzyme, namely lactate dehydrogenase + NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase + luciferase (LDH + Red + Luc). Optimal enzymes and their substrate composition of the proposed multi-enzyme system were chosen. During the tests of the lactate dependence, the enzymatic bioassay showed good linearity to lactate in the range from 0.05 mM to 0.25 mM. The activity of the LDH + Red + Luc enzyme system was tested in the presence of 20 saliva samples taken from students whose lactate levels were compared by the Barker and Summerson colorimetric method. The results showed a good correlation. The proposed LDH + Red + Luc enzyme system could be a useful, competitive, and non-invasive tool for correct and rapid monitoring of lactate in saliva. This enzyme-based bioassay is easy to use, rapid, and has the potential to deliver point-of-care diagnostics in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Zhukova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Sutormin
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Technical Sciences, Surgut State University, 628412 Surgut, Russia
| | - Irina E. Sukovataya
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Maznyak
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Kratasyuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center’, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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