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Slingerland C, Martin NI. Recent Advances in the Development of Polymyxin Antibiotics: 2010-2023. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1056-1079. [PMID: 38470446 PMCID: PMC11019560 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The polymyxins are nonribosomal lipopeptides produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa and are potent antibiotics with activity specifically directed against Gram-negative bacteria. While the clinical use of polymyxins has historically been limited due to their toxicity, their use is on the rise given the lack of alternative treatment options for infections due to multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The Gram-negative specificity of the polymyxins is due to their ability to target lipid A, the membrane embedded LPS anchor that decorates the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, the mechanisms responsible for polymyxin toxicity, and in particular their nephrotoxicity, are only partially understood with most insights coming from studies carried out in the past decade. In parallel, many synthetic and semisynthetic polymyxin analogues have been developed in recent years in an attempt to mitigate the nephrotoxicity of the natural products. Despite these efforts, to date, no polymyxin analogues have gained clinical approval. This may soon change, however, as at the moment there are three novel polymyxin analogues in clinical trials. In this context, this review provides an update of the most recent insights with regard to the structure-activity relationships and nephrotoxicity of new polymyxin variants reported since 2010. We also discuss advances in the synthetic methods used to generate new polymyxin analogues, both via total synthesis and semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis
J. Slingerland
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Scoffone VC, Barbieri G, Irudal S, Trespidi G, Buroni S. New Antimicrobial Strategies to Treat Multi-Drug Resistant Infections Caused by Gram-Negatives in Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:71. [PMID: 38247630 PMCID: PMC10812592 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from recurrent bacterial infections which induce inflammation, lung tissue damage and failure of the respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to combinatorial antibiotic therapies triggers the appearance of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The development of alternative antimicrobial strategies may provide a way to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Here we discuss different alternative approaches to the use of classic antibiotics: anti-virulence and anti-biofilm compounds which exert a low selective pressure; phage therapies that represent an alternative strategy with a high therapeutic potential; new methods helping antibiotics activity such as adjuvants; and antimicrobial peptides and nanoparticle formulations. Their mechanisms and in vitro and in vivo efficacy are described, in order to figure out a complete landscape of new alternative approaches to fight MDR Gram-negative CF pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.S.); (G.B.); (S.I.); (G.T.)
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3
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Li R, Wang X, Yin K, Xu Q, Ren S, Wang X, Wang Z, Yi Y. Fatty acid modification of antimicrobial peptide CGA-N9 and the combats against Candida albicans infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115535. [PMID: 37019190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and low-toxic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are supposed to be the future candidates to solve the increasingly prominent problems of Candida albicans infection and drug resistance. Generally, introduction of hydrophobic moieties on AMPs resulted in analogues with remarkably increased activity against pathogens. CGA-N9, an antifungal peptide found in our lab, is a Candida-selective antimicrobial peptide capable of preferentially killing Candida spp. relative to benign microorganisms with low toxicities. We speculate that fatty acid modification could improve the anti-Candida activity of CGA-N9. In the present investigation, a set of CGA-N9 analogues with fatty acid conjugations at N-terminus were obtained. The biological activities of CGA-N9 analogues were determined. The results showed that the n-octanoic acid conjugation of CGA-N9 (CGA-N9-C8) was the optimal CGA-N9 analogue with the highest anti-Candida activity and biosafety; exhibited the strongest biofilm inhibition activity and biofilm eradication ability; and the highest stability against protease hydrolysis in serum. Furthermore, CGA-N9-C8 is less prone to develop resistance for C. albicans in reference with fluconazole; CGA-N9-C8 also exhibited Candidacidal activity to the planktonic cells and the persister cells of C. albicans; reduced C. albicans susceptibility in a systemic candidiasis mouse model. In conclusion, fatty acid modification is an effective method to enhance the antimicrobial activity of CGA-N9, and CGA-N9-C8 is a promising candidate to defend C. albicans infection and resolve C. albicans drug resistance.
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4
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Munir S, Khurshid M, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Zaki MEA. Exploring the Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potential of NF22 as a Potent Inhibitor of E. coli DNA Gyrase: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122768. [PMID: 36559262 PMCID: PMC9784730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward the search for novel antimicrobial agents to control pathogenic E. coli-associated infections, a series of novel norfloxacin derivatives were screened for antimicrobial activities. The norfloxacin derivative, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-(2-(2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (NF22) demonstrated excellent antibacterial activities against E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 0.0625 μg/mL) and MDR E. coli 1-3 (MIC = 1, 2 and 1 µg/mL). The time-kill kinetic studies have demonstrated that the NF22 was advantageous over norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in killing the control and MDR E. coli strains. The checkerboard assay showed that NF22 in combination with tetracycline had a synergistic effect against the E. coli strains. The experimental findings are supported by molecular modeling studies on DNA gyrase, explaining the interactions involved for compound NF22, compared to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Further, the compound was also evaluated for various pharmacokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution, toxicity and excretion) as well as drug-likeness properties. Our data have highlighted the potential of norfloxacin by restoring its efficacy against E. coli which could lead to the development of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samman Munir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (U.A.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (U.A.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
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5
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Wesseling CJ, Martin NI. Synergy by Perturbing the Gram-Negative Outer Membrane: Opening the Door for Gram-Positive Specific Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1731-1757. [PMID: 35946799 PMCID: PMC9469101 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
New approaches to target antibacterial agents toward Gram-negative bacteria are key, given the rise of antibiotic resistance. Since the discovery of polymyxin B nonapeptide as a potent Gram-negative outer membrane (OM)-permeabilizing synergist in the early 1980s, a vast amount of literature on such synergists has been published. This Review addresses a range of peptide-based and small organic compounds that disrupt the OM to elicit a synergistic effect with antibiotics that are otherwise inactive toward Gram-negative bacteria, with synergy defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of <0.5. Another requirement for the inclusion of the synergists here covered is their potentiation of a specific set of clinically used antibiotics: erythromycin, rifampicin, novobiocin, or vancomycin. In addition, we have focused on those synergists with reported activity against Gram-negative members of the ESKAPE family of pathogens namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and/or Acinetobacter baumannii. In cases where the FICI values were not directly reported in the primary literature but could be calculated from the published data, we have done so, allowing for more direct comparison of potency with other synergists. We also address the hemolytic activity of the various OM-disrupting synergists reported in the literature, an effect that is often downplayed but is of key importance in assessing the selectivity of such compounds for Gram-negative bacteria.
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Ramirez D, Berry L, Domalaon R, Li Y, Arthur G, Kumar A, Schweizer F. Dioctanoyl Ultrashort Tetrabasic β-Peptides Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Novobiocin and Rifampicin. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803309. [PMID: 35003035 PMCID: PMC8733726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently reported peptidomimetics with increased resistance to trypsin were shown to sensitize priority multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria to novobiocin and rifampicin. To further optimize proteolytic stability, β-amino acid-containing derivatives of these compounds were prepared, resulting in three dioctanoyl ultrashort tetrabasic β-peptides (dUSTBβPs). The nonhemolytic dUSTBβP 3, comprised of three β3-homoarginine residues and two fatty acyl tails eight carbons long, enhanced the antibacterial activity of various antibiotics from different classes. Notably, compound 3 retained the ability to potentiate novobiocin and rifampicin in wild-type Gram-negative bacteria against MDR clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. dUSTBβP 3 reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of novobiocin and rifampicin below their interpretative susceptibility breakpoints. Furthermore, compound 3 exhibited improved in vitro stability (86.8 ± 3.7% remaining) relative to its α-amino acid-based counterpart (39.5 ± 7.4% remaining) after a 2 h incubation in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liam Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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7
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Li W, Separovic F, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Wade JD. Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4932-4973. [PMID: 33710195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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8
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El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Zhong LL, Shen C, Yang Y, Doi Y, Tian GB. Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019). Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:868-885. [PMID: 32284036 PMCID: PMC7241451 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science
and Technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lan-Lan Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yohei Doi
- University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Aichi,
Japan
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
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9
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Enhancing uptake of antibiotics into Gram-negative bacteria using nonribosome-targeting aminoglycoside-based adjuvants. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:1519-1522. [PMID: 31469333 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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10
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Madhumanchi S, Suedee R, Kaewpiboon S, Srichana T, Khalil R, Ul-Haq Z. Effect of sodium deoxycholate sulfate on outer membrane permeability and neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by polymyxin B formulations. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119265. [PMID: 32217155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated binding interactions of polymyxin B (PMB), PMB formulations in the mole ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 of PMB:sodium deoxycholate sulfate (SDCS) and a commercial PMB formulation (CPMB) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The 1:2 PMB formulation (78.5-135.2 nM) exhibited a lower number of binding sites to the tested LPS compared to CPMB (112.6-140.9 nM) whereas 1:3 PMB formulation exhibited a higher number of binding sites (143.9-340.2 nM). Similarly, in the presence of LPS, the 1:2 PMB formulation (163.8-221.4 nm) exhibited smaller particle sizes compared to PMB, CPMB and 1:3 PMB formulation (248.8-603.5 nm). Molecular docking simulation suggested that the fatty acyl tails of LPS wrap together to produce a pseudo-globular structure of PMB-LPS complex, and among those 1:2 PMB formulation formed a more stable structure. The primary forces behind this complex are hydrogen bonds and salt bridges among the LPS, PMB, and SDCS. This study revealed that the PMB, CPMB, and PMB formulations inserted into the LPS micelles to disrupt the LPS membrane, whereas the SDCS may induce aggregation. The 1:2 PMB formulation also had higher bacterial uptake than other PMB formulations. The 1:2 PMB formulation neutralized the LPS micelles and was effective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenu Madhumanchi
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Kaewpiboon
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug, Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug, Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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11
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Madhumanchi S, Suedee R, Nakpheng T, Tinpun K, Temboot P, Srichana T. Binding interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polymyxin B in an amphiphilic carrier 'sodium deoxycholate sulfate'. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110374. [PMID: 31330430 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the outcomes of a comparative study of molecular interactions of polymyxin B (PMB) and F12 and F13 formulations in the mole ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 of PMB:sodium deoxycholate sulfate (SDCS), respectively, and a commercial PMB formulation (CPMB) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Several spectroscopic and interfacial studies were performed to obtain LPS-peptide interactions at a molecular level. The fluorescence titrimetry method revealed that the F12 formulation (325 nM) exhibited a lower number of binding sites to the LPS compared to CPMB and F13 as well as PMB alone (537 nM). Similarly, in the presence of LPS, the F12 formulation (88 nm) exhibited smaller particle sizes in the dynamic light scattering study compared to PMB (116 nm), CPMB, and the F13 formulation. An interfacial study and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed PMB and CPMB insertion into the LPS micelles to destabilize and disrupt the LPS membrane, whereas the F12 and F13 formulations may induce pseudo-aggregation. The NMR and IR studies showed that the presence of SDCS, the hydrophobicity of PMB increased by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions and formed stabilized PMB-SDCS micelles. The PMB-SDCS formulation is likely to release PMB for easy penetration into the lipid membrane and cause disruption of the complex LPS micelles. Furthermore, the PMB-SDCS formulations neutralized and detoxified the LPS micelles with minimal toxicity to normal kidney tubular cells as well as an immortalised kidney cell line. The antimicrobial properties of PMBloaded SDCS nanomicelles were effective against a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenu Madhumanchi
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Tinpun
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pornvichai Temboot
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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12
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Synergistic combinations of anthelmintic salicylanilides oxyclozanide, rafoxanide, and closantel with colistin eradicates multidrug-resistant colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:605-616. [PMID: 31028351 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing nonantibiotic drugs for antimicrobial therapy presents a viable approach to drug discovery. Development of therapeutic strategies that overcome existing resistance mechanisms is important especially against those bacterial infections in which treatment options are limited, such as against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Herein, we provide in vitro data that suggest the addition of anthelmintic salicylanilides, including oxyclozanide, rafoxanide, and closantel, in colistin therapy to treat multidrug-resistant colistin-susceptible but more importantly colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. As a stand-alone agent, the three salicylanilides suffered from limited outer membrane permeation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with oxyclozanide also susceptible to efflux. Synergy was apparent for the combinations against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae. Susceptibility breakpoints for colistin, but also with polymyxin B, were reached upon addition of 1 µg ml-1 of the corresponding salicylanilide against colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Furthermore, enhanced bacterial killing was observed in all combinations. Our data corroborate the repositioning of the three salicylanilides as adjuvants to counter resistance to the antibiotic of last resort colistin. Our findings are timely and relevant since the global dissemination of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance had been realized.
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The Anthelmintic Drug Niclosamide Synergizes with Colistin and Reverses Colistin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02574-18. [PMID: 30917988 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02574-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new therapies to overcome antimicrobial resistance especially in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Repurposing old U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs as complementary agents to existing antibiotics in a synergistic combination presents an attractive strategy. Here, we demonstrate that the anthelmintic drug niclosamide selectively synergized with the lipopeptide antibiotic colistin against colistin-susceptible but more importantly against colistin-resistant GNB, including clinical isolates that harbor the mcr-1 gene. Breakpoints for colistin susceptibility in resistant Gram-negative bacilli were reached in the presence of 1 μg/ml (3 μM) niclosamide. Reversal of colistin resistance was also observed in combinations of niclosamide and polymyxin B. Enhanced bacterial killing was evident for the combination, in comparison to colistin monotherapy, against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae Accumulating evidence in the literature, along with our results, strongly suggests the potential for the combination of niclosamide and colistin to treat colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacillary infections. Our finding is significant since colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections that are nonresponsive to conventional treatments. With the recent global dissemination of plasmid-encoded colistin resistance, the addition of niclosamide to colistin therapy may hold the key to overcome colistin resistance.
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Berry L, Domalaon R, Brizuela M, Zhanel GG, Schweizer F. Polybasic peptide-levofloxacin conjugates potentiate fluoroquinolones and other classes of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:517-527. [PMID: 31057731 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To address the rising threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, new therapeutic strategies must be developed. Efficacious drug combinations consisting of existing antibiotics and enhancer biomolecules called adjuvants offers a viable strategy. We have previously reported antibiotic hybrids consisting of tobramycin appended to different fluoroquinolones that possess potential as stand-alone antimicrobials as well as adjuvants. Herein, we report the synthesis of polybasic peptide-levofloxacin conjugates based on these tobramycin-fluoroquinolone hybrids. It was found that conjugating polybasic peptides to the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin, along with the addition of an aliphatic hydrocarbon tether, resulted in the ability of these compounds to potentiate fluoroquinolones and other antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative bacteria. The conjugates were able to potentiate ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against MDR clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and to a lesser extent, Acinetobacter baumannii. Preliminary data revealed that the conjugates interfered with active efflux of fluoroquinolones in P. aeruginosa. In addition, synergy was observed with a wide array of other antibiotics against P. aeruginosa, including those that suffered from restricted outer membrane penetration, suggesting that in addition to blocking active efflux, the polybasic peptide-levofloxacin conjugates possessed the ability to disrupt and permeabilize the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Berry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada .
| | - Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada .
| | - Marc Brizuela
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada .
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada . .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
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Domalaon R, Brizuela M, Eisner B, Findlay B, Zhanel GG, Schweizer F. Dilipid ultrashort cationic lipopeptides as adjuvants for chloramphenicol and other conventional antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. Amino Acids 2018; 51:383-393. [PMID: 30392097 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The necessity to develop therapeutic agents and strategies to abate the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is prominent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide scaffolds and inspiration for antibiotic development. As an AMP of shorter scaffold, eight dilipid ultrashort cationic lipopeptides (dUSCLs) were prepared consisting of only four amino acids and varying dilipids. Lipids were acylated at the peptide N-terminus and the ε-amine side chain of the N-terminal L-lysine. Compounds that possess aliphatic dilipids of ≥ 11 carbons-long showed significant hemolysis and therefore limited therapeutic application. Several non-hemolytic dUSCLs were identified to enhance the activity of chloramphenicol and other conventional antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 2 and 6 have a short peptide sequence of KKKK and KKGK, respectively, and are both acylated with an aliphatic dilipid of nine carbons-long potentiated chloramphenicol against MDR clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae. Both dUSCLs showed comparable adjuvant potency in combination with chloramphenicol. However, dUSCL 2 synergized with a wider span of antibiotic classes against P. aeruginosa relative to dUSCL 6 that included rifampicin, trimethoprim, minocycline, fosfomycin, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin. Our data revealed that dUSCLs can indirectly disrupt active efflux of chloramphenicol in P. aeruginosa. This along with their membrane-permeabilizing properties may explain the dUSCLs synergistic combination with conventional antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Marc Brizuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Eisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brandon Findlay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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