2,4-Diketo esters: Crucial intermediates for drug discovery

Exploring Three Avenues: Chemo- and Regioselective Transformations of 1,2,4-Triketone Analogs into Pyrazoles and Pyridazinones

A convenient approach to substituted pyrazoles and pyridazinones based on 1,2,4-triketones is presented. Chemo- and regiocontrol in condensations of t-Bu, Ph-, 2-thienyl-, and CO2Et-substituted 1,2,4-triketone analogs with hydrazines are described. The direction of preferential nucleophilic attack was shown to be switched depending on the substituent nature in triketone as well as the reaction conditions. The acid and temperature effects on the selectivity of condensations were revealed. Regiochemistry of heterocyclic core formation was confirmed by NMR and XRD studies. The facile construction of heterocyclic motifs bearing acetyl and (or) carbethoxy groups suggests them as promising mono- or bifunctional building blocks for subsequent transformations.

Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of some 2,4-diketo esters containing dehydrozingerone fragment: DNA and protein binding study

Due to the increased resistance to antibiotics, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources. Bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics are a global public health concern. In order to find a new antimicrobial drug, we synthesized a small series of 2,4-diketo esters and tested them on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Two compounds showed very good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Trichophyton mentagrophytes proved to be the most sensitive of the tested species regarding antifungal activity. Also, research was conducted on the biomolecule of bovine serum albumin. Examining these interactions, we concluded that all compounds have the appropriate binding affinity for bovine serum albumin, which is vital. Furthermore, to investigate the potential antitumor activity, interactions with DNA were carried out. Examining the interactions between our compounds and DNA using fluorescence, we concluded that all but one of the compounds interacts with the DNA molecule by intercalation. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed to investigate the binding mode of the tested compounds to DNA and bovine serum albumin. In conclusion, all the results indicate a great potential for the future application of these compounds in clinical practice in the future.

Synthesis, intramolecular cyclization and anti-inflammatory activity of substituted 2-(2-(Furan-2-carbonyl)hydrazono)-4-oxobutanoic Acids

A method was proposed for the synthesis of substituted 2-(2-(furan-2-carbonyl)hydrazono)-4-oxobutanoic acids by the reaction of substituted 2,4-dioxobut-2-enoic acids with furan-2-carbohydrazide. It was found that substituted 2-(2-(furan-2-carbonyl)hydrazono)-4-oxobutanoic acids undergo intramolecular cyclization in the presence of propionic anhydride to form the corresponding N'-(2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazides. The anti-inflammatory activity of the obtained compounds was studied. It was found that the obtained compounds have pronounced anti-inflammatory activity.

Synthesis, recyclization under the action of methanol and analgetic activity of N'-(5-aryl-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazides

New methyl 5-aryl-1-(furan-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates were obtained via decyclization reaction of N'-(5-aryl-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazides under the action of methanol. Starting N'-(5-aryl-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazides were obtained by intramolecular cyclization of substituted 4-aryl-2-[2-(furan-2-ylcarbonyl)hydrazinylidene]-4-oxobutanoic acids in propionic anhydride. The structure of the compounds obtained was confirmed by the 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectrometry and elemental analysis methods. Analgesic activity of some obtained compounds was studied by the “hot plate” method on outbred white mice of both sexes with intraperitoneal injection.

Regio- and stereoselective copper-catalyzed α,β-protoboration of allenoates: access to Z-β,γ-unsaturated β-boryl esters

A highly efficient regio- and stereoselective method for allenoate borylation has been developed. Using CuCl and bis(pinacolato)diboron in methanol, a variety of allenoates underwent β-boration and α-protonation to afford the corresponding Z-β,γ-unsaturated β-boryl esters under mild conditions with up to 81% yields.

Synthesis, characterization, antitumor potential, and investigation of mechanism of action of copper(ii) complexes with acylpyruvates as ligands: interactions with biomolecules and kinetic study†

Considering the urgency of finding a cure for vicious diseases such as tumors, we have synthesized and characterized a small series of new copper(ii) complexes with biologically important ligands such as acylpyruvate. In addition to this, we used another four copper(ii) complexes, with ligands of the same type to examine the antitumor potential. The antitumor potential of the copper(ii) complexes was examined on three tumor cell lines and one normal human cell line using the MTT assay. All seven tested complexes showed very good cytotoxic effects. Two copper complexes that showed the best antitumor potential were selected for further testing that showed the best potential for potential application in the future. The mechanism of activity of these complexes was examined in detail using tests such as cell cycle, ROS level, oxidative DNA damage, and proteins related to hypoxia analysis. In addition, we examined the binding abilities of these complexes with biomolecules (Guo, Ino, 5′-GMP, BSA, and DNA). The results showed that the tested compounds bind strongly to DNA molecules through intercalation. Also, it has been shown that the tested compounds adequately bind to the BSA molecule, which indicates an even greater potential for some future application of these compounds in clinical practice.

Considering the urgency of finding a cure for vicious diseases such as tumors, we have synthesized and characterized a small series of new copper(ii) complexes with biologically important ligands such as acylpyruvate.