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In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Prebiotic Activities of the Chemical Compounds Isolated from Guizotia abyssinica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122482. [PMID: 36552690 PMCID: PMC9774103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
India and Ethiopia employ Guizotia abyssinica (niger plant) as a source of edible vegetable oil. Previous studies have documented the niger plant's antioxidant properties and dietary benefits. Here, G. abyssinica extract was obtained and ten known bioactive components (1-10) were isolated. The antioxidant, antidiabetic, and prebiotic properties of whole extract and isolated components of niger and the plant's ability to cooperate symbiotically with probiotic strains were examined. Compound 10, myricetin-3-O-L-rhamnoside, had the highest antioxidant capacity measured in the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 4629.76 ± 6.02 µmol Trolox equivalent/g compound) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 2667.62 ± 7.5 mol Trolox equivalent/g compound) assays. The lowest α-amylase and glycogen phosphorylase activities and glucose diffusion were obtained with whole G. abyssinica extracts, whereas compounds 8-10 had moderate inhibitory effects. G. abyssinica extract also induced the highest glucose absorption by yeast cells in the presence of 5 mM of glucose. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus incubated with β-sitosterol 3-O-D-glucoside (compound 7) showed the highest prebiotic activity score. The levels of L-(+)-lactic acid isomer in the probiotic strains were the highest in presence of the whole extract and decreased progressively in the presence of flavonoid glycosides (compounds 8-10) and β-sitosterol 3-O-D-glucoside. The enzymatic profile of the probiotic strains was unaffected by the niger extract and compounds 7-10. The findings revealed that the biological activities of G. abyssinica extract are mediated by the compounds 1-10, and it may be considered as a promising plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Deniz FSŞ, Eren G, Orhan IE. Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:790-805. [PMID: 35466876 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220422094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best characterized one is SIRT1. Actually, small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favrable for human health, while a relatively less research has been reported so far on their funcions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we herein aimed to focus on modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years of 2006-2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3 followed by SIRT6. It can be also concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, e.g. resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökçen Eren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara
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Rocha S, Aniceto N, Guedes RC, Albuquerque HMT, Silva VLM, Silva AMS, Corvo ML, Fernandes E, Freitas M. An In Silico and an In Vitro Inhibition Analysis of Glycogen Phosphorylase by Flavonoids, Styrylchromones, and Pyrazoles. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020306. [PMID: 35057487 PMCID: PMC8781192 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key enzyme in the glycogenolysis pathway. GP inhibitors are currently under investigation as a new liver-targeted approach to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of a panel of 52 structurally related chromone derivatives; namely, flavonoids, 2-styrylchromones, 2-styrylchromone-related derivatives [2-(4-arylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)chromones], and 4- and 5-styrylpyrazoles against GP, using in silico and in vitro microanalysis screening systems. Several of the tested compounds showed a potent inhibitory effect. The structure–activity relationship study indicated that for 2-styrylchromones and 2-styrylchromone-related derivatives, the hydroxylations at the A and B rings, and in the flavonoid family, as well as the hydroxylation of the A ring, were determinants for the inhibitory activity. To support the in vitro experimental findings, molecular docking studies were performed, revealing clear hydrogen bonding patterns that favored the inhibitory effects of flavonoids, 2-styrylchromones, and 2-styrylchromone-related derivatives. Interestingly, the potency of the most active compounds increased almost four-fold when the concentration of glucose increased, presenting an IC50 < 10 µM. This effect may reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, a commonly reported side effect of antidiabetic agents. This work contributes with important considerations and provides a better understanding of potential scaffolds for the study of novel GP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Natália Aniceto
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.A.); (R.C.G.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.A.); (R.C.G.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Hélio M. T. Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.T.A.); (V.L.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Vera L. M. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.T.A.); (V.L.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.T.A.); (V.L.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Maria Luísa Corvo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.A.); (R.C.G.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (E.F.)
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-428-664
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Synthesis of new halogenated flavonoid-based isoxazoles: in vitro and in silico evaluation of a-amylase inhibitory potential, a SAR analysis and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Canonical transient receptor potential channels and their modulators: biology, pharmacology and therapeutic potentials. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:354-377. [PMID: 33763843 PMCID: PMC7989688 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are nonselective, high calcium permeability cationic channels. The TRPCs family includes TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6, and TRPC7. These channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular and nervous systems and exist in many other human tissues and cell types, playing several crucial roles in the human physiological and pathological processes. Hence, the emergence of TRPCs modulators can help investigate these channels’ applications in health and disease. It is worth noting that the TRPCs subfamilies have structural and functional similarities, which presents a significant difficulty in screening and discovering of TRPCs modulators. In the past few years, only a limited number of selective modulators of TRPCs were detected; thus, additional research on more potent and more selective TRPCs modulators is needed. The present review focuses on the striking desired therapeutic effects of TRPCs modulators, which provides intel on the structural modification of TRPCs modulators and further pharmacological research. Importantly, TRPCs modulators can significantly facilitate future studies of TRPCs and TRPCs related diseases.
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