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Zou J, Qiu ZC, Yu QQ, Wu JM, Wang YH, Shi KD, Li YF, He RR, Qin L, Yao XS, Wang XL, Gao H. Discovery of a Potent Antiosteoporotic Drug Molecular Scaffold Derived from Angelica sinensis and Its Bioinspired Total Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:628-636. [PMID: 38559293 PMCID: PMC10979506 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis, commonly known as Dong Quai in Europe and America and as Dang-gui in China, is a medicinal plant widely utilized for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, we report the discovery of a new category of phthalide from Angelica sinensis, namely falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2), which contains two fragments, (3R,8S)-falcarindiol (3) and (Z)-ligustilide (4). Falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2) represent two unprecedented carbon skeletons of phthalide in natural products, and their antiosteoporotic activities were evaluated. The structures of 1 and 2, including their absolute configurations, were established using extensive analysis of NMR spectra, chemical derivatization, and ECD/VCD calculations. Based on LC-HR-ESI-MS analysis and DFT calculations, a production mechanism for 1 and 2 involving enzyme-catalyzed Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions was proposed. Falcarinphthalide A (1), the most promising lead compound, exhibits potent in vitro antiosteoporotic activity by inhibiting NF-κB and c-Fos signaling-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the bioinspired gram-scale total synthesis of 1, guided by intensive DFT study, has paved the way for further biological investigation. The discovery and gram-scale total synthesis of falcarinphthalide A (1) provide a compelling lead compound and a novel molecular scaffold for treating osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Cheng Qiu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Yu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Wu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Da Shi
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Translational
Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering/Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of
China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents
of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Zhang X, Sun W, Hou Z, Nie B, Wang F, Yang S, Feng S, Li W, Wang L. LcSAO1, an Unconventional DOXB Clade 2OGD Enzyme from Ligusticum chuanxiong Catalyzes the Biosynthesis of Plant-Derived Natural Medicine Butylphthalide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17417. [PMID: 38139246 PMCID: PMC10743894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Butylphthalide, a prescription medicine recognized for its efficacy in treating ischemic strokes approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China in 2005, is sourced from the traditional botanical remedy Ligusticum chuanxiong. While chemical synthesis offers a viable route, limitations in the production of isomeric variants with compromised bioactivity necessitate alternative strategies. Addressing this issue, biosynthesis offers a promising solution. However, the intricate in vivo pathway for butylphthalide biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we examined the distribution of butylphthalide across various tissues of L. chuanxiong and found a significant accumulation in the rhizome. By searching transcriptome data from different tissues of L. chuanxiong, we identified four rhizome-specific genes annotated as 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-OGDs) that emerged as promising candidates involved in butylphthalide biosynthesis. Among them, LcSAO1 demonstrates the ability to catalyze the desaturation of senkyunolide A at the C-4 and C-5 positions, yielding the production of butylphthalide. Experimental validation through transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana corroborates this transformative enzymatic activity. Notably, phylogenetic analysis of LcSAO1 revealed that it belongs to the DOXB clade, which typically encompasses genes with hydroxylation activity, rather than desaturation. Further structure modelling and site-directed mutagenesis highlighted the critical roles of three amino acid residues, T98, S176, and T178, in substrate binding and enzyme activity. By unraveling the intricacies of the senkyunolide A desaturase, the penultimate step in the butylphthalide biosynthesis cascade, our findings illuminate novel avenues for advancing synthetic biology research in the realm of medicinal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Wenkai Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Zhuangwei Hou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Bao Nie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Song Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Shourui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China (Z.H.)
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3
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A pair of new enantiomeric hybrid phthalide–adenines with a rare 5-oxa-1-azaspiro[3,4]octane moiety and two pairs of new enantiomeric hybrid paraethyl phenol–adenines from Ligusticum chuanxiong. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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4
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the Press. Nat Prod Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2np90034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as hyjapone A from Hypericum japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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