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Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Panayi AC, Lee CAA, Sadigh S, Huelsboemer L, Stoegner VA, Schroeter A, Kern B, Mookerjee V, Lian CG, Tullius SG, Murphy GF, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Cellular activation pathways and interaction networks in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179355. [PMID: 37266446 PMCID: PMC10230044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving field of reconstructive surgery that has revolutionized the treatment of patients with devastating injuries, including those with limb losses or facial disfigurement. The transplanted units are typically comprised of different tissue types, including skin, mucosa, blood and lymphatic vasculature, muscle, and bone. It is widely accepted that the antigenicity of some VCA components, such as skin, is particularly potent in eliciting a strong recipient rejection response following transplantation. The fine line between tolerance and rejection of the graft is orchestrated by different cell types, including both donor and recipient-derived lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune and donor-derived tissue cells (e.g., endothelium). Here, we delineate the role of different cell and tissue types during VCA rejection. Rejection of VCA grafts and the necessity of life-long multidrug immunosuppression remains one of the major challenges in this field. This review sheds light on recent developments in decoding the cellular signature of graft rejection in VCA and how these may, ultimately, influence the clinical management of VCA patients by way of novel therapies that target specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Catherine A. A. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lioba Huelsboemer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Viola A. Stoegner
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vikram Mookerjee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christine G. Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Administration of stem cells against cardiovascular diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: Current knowledge and prospects. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102030. [PMID: 36709696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious global concern for public and human health. Despite the emergence of significant therapeutic advances, it is still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As a result, extensive efforts are underway to develop practical therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies could be considered a promising strategy for the treatment of CVDs. The efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches is demonstrated through recent laboratory and clinical studies due to their inherent regenerative properties, proliferative nature, and their capacity to differentiate into different cells such as cardiomyocytes. These properties could improve cardiovascular functioning leading to heart regeneration. The two most common types of stem cells with the potential to cure heart diseases are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Several studies have demonstrated the use, efficacy, and safety of MSC and iPSCs-based therapies for the treatment of CVDs. In this study, we explain the application of stem cells, especially iPSCs and MSCs, in the treatment of CVDs with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms and then discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of using this technology in the treatment of these diseases.
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Dhar A, Venkadakrishnan J, Roy U, Vedam S, Lalwani N, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Bhat A. A comprehensive review of the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231210170. [PMID: 38069578 PMCID: PMC10710750 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the myocardium affecting people with diabetes. Treatment of DCM focuses on glucose control, blood pressure management, lipid-lowering, and lifestyle changes. Due to limited therapeutic options, DCM remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, thus emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research is aimed at understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s) involved in the development and progression of DCM, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. The goal is to develope innovative pharmaceutical therapeutics, offering significant improvements in the clinical management of DCM. Some of these approaches include the effective targeting of impaired insulin signaling, cardiac stiffness, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review focuses on the latest developments in understanding the underlying causes of DCM and the therapeutic landscape of DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Utsa Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sahithi Vedam
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Lalwani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT) 184311, India
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Vascular endothelial growth factor ameliorated palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte injury via JNK pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:886-895. [PMID: 34791626 PMCID: PMC8632857 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in suffering overloaded saturated fatty acids (SFAs) can result in myocardial infarction and cardiac dysfunction. The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cardiomyocyte protection was not clearly described. To investigate the preservative effects of VEGF sensitization on ceramide-mediated programmed cell death of cardiomyocytes, palmitate-induced injury in H9c2 cells was established as an in vitro model. Results revealed that 0.5 mM palmitate application effectively led to debased viability and activated apoptotic factors. A significant time-dependent relation between PAL and cardiomyocyte injury was observed. The apoptosis rate was increased greatly after 16 h of treatment with 0.5 mM PAL. In addition, cell viability was restored by VEGF overexpression during treatment with 0.5 mM PAL. Reduced apoptosis rate and expression of caspase 3, Bax, and NF-κB p65 were observed in this process, while boosted Bcl-2, p-JNK/JNK expression and activity of caspase 3 were checked. However, p-ERK/ERK levels did not exhibit a significant change. These findings indicated the protective effects of VEGF in confronting the ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and would devote therapeutic targets for cardiovascular safeguard in dealing with fatty acid stress.
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Nuclear Receptors in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia-Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212326. [PMID: 34830207 PMCID: PMC8617737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 18 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2019, of these 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. The available therapies although efficacious, have narrow therapeutic window and long list of contraindications. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to find novel molecular targets that could protect the brain and heart against ischemia without evoking major side effects. Nuclear receptors are one of the promising targets for anti-ischemic drugs. Modulation of estrogen receptors (ERs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands is known to exert neuro-, and cardioprotective effects through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant action. Recently, it has been shown that the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is strongly increased after brain or heart ischemia and evokes an activation of apoptosis or inflammation in injury site. We hypothesize that activation of ERs and PPARs and inhibition of AhR signaling pathways could be a promising strategy to protect the heart and the brain against ischemia. In this Review, we will discuss currently available knowledge on the mechanisms of action of ERs, PPARs and AhR in experimental models of stroke and myocardial infarction and future perspectives to use them as novel targets in cardiovascular diseases.
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Dergilev KV, Shevchenko EK, Tsokolaeva ZI, Beloglazova IB, Zubkova ES, Boldyreva MA, Menshikov MY, Ratner EI, Penkov D, Parfyonova YV. Cell Sheet Comprised of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Stem Cell Factor Promotes Epicardium Activation and Heart Function Improvement in a Rat Model of Myocardium Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249603. [PMID: 33339427 PMCID: PMC7766731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy of the post-infarcted myocardium is still far from clinical use. Poor survival of transplanted cells, insufficient regeneration, and replacement of the damaged tissue limit the potential of currently available cell-based techniques. In this study, we generated a multilayered construct from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modified to secrete stem cell factor, SCF. In a rat model of myocardium infarction, we show that transplantation of SCF producing cell sheet induced activation of the epicardium and promoted the accumulation of c-kit positive cells in ischemic muscle. Morphometry showed the reduction of infarct size (16%) and a left ventricle expansion index (0.12) in the treatment group compared to controls (24-28%; 0.17-0.32). The ratio of viable myocardium was more than 1.5-fold higher, reaching 49% compared to the control (28%) or unmodified cell sheet group (30%). Finally, by day 30 after myocardium infarction, SCF-producing cell sheet transplantation increased left ventricle ejection fraction from 37% in the control sham-operated group to 53%. Our results suggest that, combining the genetic modification of MSCs and their assembly into a multilayered construct, we can provide prolonged pleiotropic effects to the damaged heart, induce endogenous regenerative processes, and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Dergilev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Evgeny K. Shevchenko
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoya I. Tsokolaeva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Irina B. Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Maria A. Boldyreva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail Yu. Menshikov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Elizaveta I. Ratner
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Yelena V. Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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