1
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Varol A, Klauck SM, Dantzer F, Efferth T. Enhancing cisplatin drug sensitivity through PARP3 inhibition: The influence on PDGF and G-coupled signal pathways in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111094. [PMID: 38830565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment despite the clinical efficacy of cisplatin. Identifying and targeting biomarkers open new ways to improve therapeutic outcomes. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were employed, including a comparative analysis of multiple datasets, to evaluate overall survival and mutation hotspots in 27 base excision repair (BER) genes of more than 7,500 tumors across 23 cancer types. By using various parameters influencing patient survival, revealing that the overexpression of 15 distinct BER genes, particularly PARP3, NEIL3, and TDG, consistently correlated with poorer survival across multiple factors such as race, gender, and metastasis. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses within protein-coding regions highlighted the potential deleterious effects of mutations on protein structure and function. The investigation of mutation hotspots in BER proteins identified PARP3 due to its high mutation frequency. Moving from bioinformatics to wet lab experiments, cytotoxic experiments demonstrated that the absence of PARP3 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells increased drug activity towards cisplatin, carboplatin, and doxorubicin. Pathway analyses indicated the impact of PARP3 absence on the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and G-coupled signal pathways on cisplatin exposure. PDGF, a critical regulator of various cellular functions, was downregulated in the absence of PARP3, suggesting a role in cancer progression. Moreover, the influence of PARP3 knockdown on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) affects their function in the presence of cisplatin. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a synthetic lethal interaction between GPCRs, PDGF signaling pathways, and PARP3 gene silencing. PARP3 emerged as a promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Wang H, Zhao J, Nie Q, Zheng C, Sun X. Dissecting Spatiotemporal Structures in Spatial Transcriptomics via Diffusion-Based Adversarial Learning. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0390. [PMID: 38812530 PMCID: PMC11134684 DOI: 10.34133/research.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to unveil the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression and cell states within tissues. Despite these capabilities of the ST data, accurately dissecting spatiotemporal structures (e.g., spatial domains, temporal trajectories, and functional interactions) remains challenging. Here, we introduce a computational framework, PearlST (partial differential equation [PDE]-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder of ST), for accurate inference of spatiotemporal structures from the ST data using PDE-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder. PearlST employs contrastive learning to extract histological image features, integrates a PDE-based diffusion model to enhance characterization of spatial features at domain boundaries, and learns the latent low-dimensional embeddings via Wasserstein adversarial regularized graph autoencoders. Comparative analyses across multiple ST datasets with varying resolutions demonstrate that PearlST outperforms existing methods in spatial clustering, trajectory inference, and pseudotime analysis. Furthermore, PearlST elucidates functional regulations of the latent features by linking intercellular ligand-receptor interactions to most contributing genes of the low-dimensional embeddings, as illustrated in a human breast cancer dataset. Overall, PearlST proves to be a powerful tool for extracting interpretable latent features and dissecting intricate spatiotemporal structures in ST data across various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wang
- College of Mathematics and System Sciences,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- College of Mathematics and System Sciences,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research,
University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chunhou Zheng
- School of Artificial Intelligence,
Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- School of Mathematics,
Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Fu Q, Li G, Wang L, Yin C, Yi B, Huang Y, Su Q, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Tumor Supplying Artery Injection of Liposome@Sunitinib Could Effectively Inhibit the Progression of Kidney Tumor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38624141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system and is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in its advanced stages. Sunitinib is recommended as a first-line target drug for unresectable and metastatic RCC by targeting tyrosine kinase-related signaling pathways, but its therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Recently, nanomaterials have shown great prospects in the medical field because of their unique physicochemical properties. Particularly, liposomes are considered as ideal drug delivery systems due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ideal drug-loading efficiency. Considering that tumor supplying artery injection can directly distribute drugs into tumor tissues, in this study, liposomes were employed to encapsulate water-insoluble sunitinib to construct the liposome@sunitinib (Lipo@Suni) complex, so that the drug could directly target and distribute into tumor tissue, and effectively trapped in tumor tissues after tumor supplying artery injection for the advantage of the physicochemical properties of liposomes, thereby achieving a better therapeutic effect on advanced RCC. Here, we found that compared with the peripheral intravenous administration, trans-renal arterial administration increases the content and prolongs the retention time of liposomes in tumor tissues; accordingly, more sunitinib is dispersed and retained in tumor tissues. Ultimately, trans-renal arterial administration of Lipo@Suni exerts a better suppressive effect on RCC progression than peripheral intravenous administration, even better than the conventional oral administration of sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Fu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bocun Yi
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Jarosz A, Balcerzyk-Matić A, Iwanicka J, Iwanicki T, Nowak T, Szyluk K, Kalita M, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Kania W, Niemiec P. Association between Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms and Platelet-Rich Plasma's Efficiency in Treating Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy-A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4266. [PMID: 38673853 PMCID: PMC11050239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in the response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy can be observed among patients. The genetic background may be the cause of this variability. The current study focused on the impact of genetic variants on the effectiveness of PRP. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene on the effectiveness of treating lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) with PRP. The treatment's efficacy was analyzed over time (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks after the PRP injection) on 107 patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and achievement of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Four SNPs of the PDGFRA gene (rs7668190, rs6554164, rs869978 and rs1316926) were genotyped using the TaqMan assay method. Patients with the AA genotypes of the rs7668190 and the rs1316926 polymorphisms, as well as carriers of the T allele of rs6554164 showed greater effectiveness of PRP therapy than carriers of other genotypes. Moreover, the studied SNPs influenced the platelets' parameters both in whole blood and in PRP. These results showed that PDGFRA gene polymorphisms affect the effectiveness of PRP treatment. Genotyping the rs6554164 and the rs1316926 SNPs may be considered for use in individualized patient selection for PRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Jarosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Anna Balcerzyk-Matić
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Joanna Iwanicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Karol Szyluk
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 Str., 41-940 Piekary Sląskie, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 12 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalita
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 Str., 41-940 Piekary Sląskie, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kania
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Hospital in Jaworzno, Chełmońskiego 28 Str., 43-600 Jaworzno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
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5
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Kaur G, Roy B. Decoding Tumor Angiogenesis for Therapeutic Advancements: Mechanistic Insights. Biomedicines 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 38672182 PMCID: PMC11048662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels within the tumor microenvironment, is considered a hallmark of cancer progression and represents a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by a complex interplay between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, regulating the vascularization necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. The study of angiogenesis involves a spectrum of techniques, spanning from biomarker assessment to advanced imaging modalities. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the molecular intricacies, regulatory dynamics, and clinical implications of tumor angiogenesis. By delving into these aspects, we gain a deeper understanding of the processes driving vascularization in tumors, paving the way for the development of novel and effective antiangiogenic therapies in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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6
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Gardner FP, Wainberg ZA, Fountzilas C, Bahary N, Womack MS, Macarulla T, Garrido-Laguna I, Peterson PM, Borazanci E, Johnson M, Ceccarelli M, Pelzer U. Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1b/2 Trial of Nabpaclitaxel + Gemcitabine ± Olaratumab in Treatment-Naïve Participants with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1323. [PMID: 38611000 PMCID: PMC11010910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of olaratumab plus nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine in treatment-naïve participants with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was evaluated. An initial phase 1b dose-escalation trial was conducted to determine the olaratumab dose for the phase 2 trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare overall survival (OS) in the olaratumab arm vs. placebo arms. In phase 1b, 22 participants received olaratumab at doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg with a fixed dose of nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine. In phase 2, 159 participants were randomized to receive olaratumab 20 mg/kg in cycle 1 followed by 15 mg/kg in the subsequent cycles (n = 81) or the placebo (n = 78) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, plus nabpaclitaxel and gemcitabine. The primary objective of the trial was not met, with a median OS of 9.1 vs. 10.8 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.728, 1.527; p = 0.79) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.5 vs. 6.4 months (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.806, 1.764; p = 0.38), in the olaratumab vs. placebo arms, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event of any grade across both arms was fatigue. Olaratumab plus chemotherapy failed to improve the OS or PFS in participants with metastatic PDAC. There were no new safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathan Bahary
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | | | - Teresa Macarulla
- Hospital Vall d’Hebrón, Vall d’Hebrón Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Uwe Pelzer
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Gao R, Jiang Z, Wu X, Cai Z, Sang N. Metabolic regulation of tumor cells exposed to different oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167833. [PMID: 37839476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are a class of polycyclic aromatic derivatives with oxygen-containing functional groups that induce oxidative stress and mutations. However, studies of the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs are limited. In this study, we analyzed the carcinogenic effects of four different OPAHs and found that 9-fluorenone (FLO), 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ), and 7,12-benz(a)anthraquinone (BAQ) promoted cell invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induced endothelial cell angiogenesis by affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (ANG), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), whereas 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NAD) did not show significant carcinogenic effects. In addition, combined with metabolomic analysis, we found that the tumor-promoting effects of different OPAHs were related to their effects on the metabolome, especially the metabolism of glutathione related to oxidative stress. These results provide an experimental basis for studying the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs, and an important reference for comprehensively assessing the ecological and health risks of this compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China; College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zihao Jiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cai
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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8
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Pathak A, Pal AK, Roy S, Nandave M, Jain K. Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9077926. [PMID: 38213742 PMCID: PMC10783989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9077926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the human body, from wound healing to tumor progression. "Angiogenic switch" indicates a time-restricted event where the imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors results in the transition from prevascular hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor, which eventually leads to the malignant cancer progression. In the last decade, molecular players, i.e., angiogenic biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, have been intensely investigated. Disrupting the initiation and halting the progression of angiogenesis by targeting these biomarkers and molecular pathways has been considered as a potential treatment approach for tumor angiogenesis. This review discusses the currently known biomarkers and available antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, i.e., monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, small molecular inhibitors, miRNAs, siRNAs, angiostatin, endostatin, and melatonin analogues, either approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or currently under clinical and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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9
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Anciuc-Crauciuc M, Cucerea MC, Tripon F, Crauciuc GA, Bănescu CV. Descriptive and Functional Genomics in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From Lung Development to Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:649. [PMID: 38203821 PMCID: PMC10780183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this up-to-date study, we first aimed to highlight the genetic and non-genetic factors associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) while also focusing on the genomic aspect of this condition. Secondly, we discuss the treatment options and the progressing therapies based on RNAs or gene therapy. To fulfill this, our study commences with lung organogenesis, a highly orchestrated procedure guided by an intricate network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately oversee the processes of patterning, growth, and differentiation. Then, our review focuses on the molecular mechanisms contributing to both normal and abnormal lung growth and development and underscores the connections between genetic and non-genetic factors linked to neonatal RDS, with a particular emphasis on the genomic aspects of this condition and their implications for treatment choices and the advancing therapeutic approaches centered around RNAs or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Anciuc-Crauciuc
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (M.A.-C.); (C.V.B.)
- Neonatology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Manuela Camelia Cucerea
- Neonatology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Florin Tripon
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (M.A.-C.); (C.V.B.)
| | - George-Andrei Crauciuc
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Claudia Violeta Bănescu
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (M.A.-C.); (C.V.B.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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10
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Lasota M, Jankowski D, Wiśniewska A, Sarna M, Kaczor-Kamińska M, Misterka A, Szczepaniak M, Dulińska-Litewka J, Górecki A. The Potential of Congo Red Supplied Aggregates of Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Sorafenib, BAY-43-9006) in Enhancing Therapeutic Impact on Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:269. [PMID: 38203437 PMCID: PMC10779242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy associated with high recurrence rates and potential progression to invasive forms. Sorafenib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promise in anti-cancer therapy, but its cytotoxicity to normal cells and aggregation in solution limits its clinical application. To address these challenges, we investigated the formation of supramolecular aggregates of sorafenib with Congo red (CR), a bis-azo dye known for its supramolecular interaction. We analyzed different mole ratios of CR-sorafenib aggregates and evaluated their effects on bladder cancer cells of varying levels of malignancy. In addition, we also evaluated the effect of the test compounds on normal uroepithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that sorafenib inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, high concentrations of sorafenib also showed cytotoxicity to normal uroepithelial cells. In contrast, the CR-BAY aggregates exhibited reduced cytotoxicity to normal cells while maintaining anti-cancer activity. The aggregates inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting their potential for metastasis prevention. Dynamic light scattering and UV-VIS measurements confirmed the formation of stable co-aggregates with distinctive spectral properties. These CR-sorafenib aggregates may provide a promising approach to targeted therapy with reduced cytotoxicity and improved stability for drug delivery in bladder cancer treatment. This work shows that the drug-excipient aggregates proposed and described so far, as Congo red-sorafenib, can be a real step forward in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lasota
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (A.M.); (J.D.-L.)
- SSG of Targeted Therapy and Supramolecular Systems, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (D.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniel Jankowski
- SSG of Targeted Therapy and Supramolecular Systems, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (D.J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michał Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marta Kaczor-Kamińska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (A.M.); (J.D.-L.)
| | - Anna Misterka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (A.M.); (J.D.-L.)
- SSG of Targeted Therapy and Supramolecular Systems, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (D.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Mateusz Szczepaniak
- SSG of Targeted Therapy and Supramolecular Systems, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (D.J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (A.M.); (J.D.-L.)
| | - Andrzej Górecki
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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11
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Barachini S, Ghelardoni S, Varga ZV, Mehanna RA, Montt-Guevara MM, Ferdinandy P, Madonna R. Antineoplastic drugs inducing cardiac and vascular toxicity - An update. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107223. [PMID: 37678516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement in cancer prognosis due to advances in antitumor therapeutic protocols and new targeted and immunotherapies, we are witnessing a growing increase in survival, however, at the same timeincrease in morbidity among cancer survivors as a consequences of the increased cardiovascular adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs. Common cardiovascular complications of antineoplastic therapies may include cardiac complications such as arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, left ventricular dysfunction culminating in heart failure as well as vascular complications including arterial hypertension, thromboembolic events, and accelerated atherosclerosis. The toxicity results from the fact that these drugs not only target cancer cells but also affect normal cells within the cardiovascular system. In this article, we review the clinical features and main mechanisms implicated in antineoplastic drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, immunothrombosis and growth factors-induced signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Cell Therapy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department, Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Peytam F, Emamgholipour Z, Mousavi A, Moradi M, Foroumadi R, Firoozpour L, Divsalar F, Safavi M, Foroumadi A. Imidazopyridine-based kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: A review. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106831. [PMID: 37683538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the fundamental role of protein kinases in the mechanism of protein phosphorylation in critical cellular processes, their dysregulation, especially in cancers, has underscored their therapeutic relevance. Imidazopyridines represent versatile scaffolds found in abundant bioactive compounds. Given their structural features, imidazopyridines have possessed pivotal potency to interact with different protein kinases, inspiring researchers to carry out numerous structural variations. In this comprehensive review, we encompass an extensive survey of the design and biological evaluations of imidazopyridine-based small molecules as potential agents targeting diverse kinases for anticancer applications. We describe the structural elements critical to inhibitory potency, elucidating their key structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mode of actions, where available. We classify these compounds into two groups: Serine/threonine and Tyrosine inhibitors. By highlighting the promising role of imidazopyridines in kinase inhibition, we aim to facilitate the design and development of more effective, targeted compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Peytam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahfam Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roham Foroumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Divsalar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Ji R, Wu C, Yao J, Xu J, Lin J, Gu H, Fu M, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang X. IGF2BP2-meidated m 6A modification of CSF2 reprograms MSC to promote gastric cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:693. [PMID: 37865637 PMCID: PMC10590395 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important tumor stromal cells that exhibit pro-oncogenic activities when reprogrammed by the tumor. However, the precise mechanisms underlying MSC reprogramming in gastric cancer remain not well understood. QRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine gene and protein expression levels. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. RNA-sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and meRIP assays were performed to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. We found a significant increase in the expression and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification levels of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) in gastric cancer MSCs. CSF2 gene overexpression induced the reprogramming of normal MSCs into cancer-promoting MSCs, thereby enhancing the proliferation, migration, and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells through the secretion of various pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, we demonstrated that the m6A reader IGF2BP2 bound to and stabilized CSF2 mRNA in gastric cancer MSCs. Notably, overexpression of IGF2BP2 mimicked the effect of CSF2 on MSCs, promoting gastric cancer progression. Finally, we unveiled that CSF2 induced the ubiquitination of Notch1 to reprogram MSCs. Our study highlights a critical role of IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification of CSF2 in reprogramming MSCs, which presents a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runbi Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongkang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Lin X, Long S, Yan C, Zou X, Zhang G, Zou J, Wu G. Therapeutic potential of vasculogenic mimicry in urological tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202656. [PMID: 37810976 PMCID: PMC10551447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells, which can be hampered by an anti-angiogenesis mechanism, thereby delaying the progression of tumors. However, the benefit of this treatment modality could be restricted, as most patients tend to develop acquired resistance during treatment. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is regarded as a critical alternative mechanism of tumor angiogenesis, where studies have demonstrated that patients with tumors supplemented with VM generally have a shorter survival period and a poorer prognosis. Inhibiting VM may be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent cancer progression, which could prove helpful in impeding the limitations of lone use of anti-angiogenic therapy when performed concurrently with other anti-tumor therapies. This review summarizes the mechanism of VM signaling pathways in urological tumors, i.e., prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer. Furthermore, it also summarizes the potential of VM as a therapeutic strategy for urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lin
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Long
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gengqing Wu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Sariyar E, Firtina Karagonlar Z. Modelling the Sorafenib-resistant Liver Cancer Microenvironment by Using 3-D Spheroids. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:301-312. [PMID: 37555318 DOI: 10.1177/02611929231193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, and it usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. For patients with advanced HCC, systemic treatment is the first choice - however, resistance occurs frequently. Sorafenib was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for advanced HCC, and resistance to the therapy is a serious concern. When sorafenib therapy fails in a patient, it can be challenging to decide whether they can undergo a second-line therapy, and to determine which therapy they will be able to tolerate. Thus, physiologically relevant in vitro preclinical models are crucial for screening potential therapies, and 3-D tumour spheroids permit studies of tumour pathobiology. In this study, a drug-resistant 3-D tumour spheroid model was developed, based on sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, LX2 stellate cells and THP-1 monocytes. Model tumour spheroids that were formed with the sorafenib-resistant cells demonstrated lower diffusion of doxorubicin and exhibited increased resistance to regorafenib. Moreover, in the sorafenib-resistant spheroids, there was increased presence of CD68-positive cells and a reduction in inflammatory marker secretion. The sorafenib-resistant cell line-derived spheroids also showed a higher expression of FGF-19, PDGF-AA and GDF-15, which are known to be involved in malignancies. This multi-cell type spheroid model represents a potentially useful system to test drug candidates in a microenvironment that mimics the drug-resistant tumour microenvironment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Sariyar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Proto MC, Fiore D, Bifulco M, Gazzerro P. Rimonabant and Cannabidiol Rewrite the Interactions between Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13427. [PMID: 37686233 PMCID: PMC10487984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of breast cancer to distant sites is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence supports the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancers, and its pathologic assessment has become a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. In the TME, a bidirectional interplay between tumor and stromal cells occurs, both at the primary and metastatic site. Hundreds of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, contribute to this fine interaction to promote tumor spreading. Here, we investigated the effects of Rimonabant and Cannabidiol, known for their antitumor activity, on reprogramming the breast TME. Both compounds directly affect the activity of several pathways involved in breast cancer progression. To mimic tumor-stroma interactions during breast-to-lung metastasis, we investigated the effect of the compounds on growth factor secretion from metastatic breast cancer cells and normal and activated lung fibroblasts. In this setting, we demonstrated the anti-metastatic potential of the two compounds, and the membrane array analyses highlighted their ability to alter the release of factors involved in the autocrine and paracrine regulation of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune reprogramming. The results enforce the antitumor potential of Rimonabant and Cannabidiol, providing a novel potential tool for breast cancer TME management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.)
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17
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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18
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Bou Antoun N, Chioni AM. Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12222. [PMID: 37569598 PMCID: PMC10418675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death worldwide, in both men and women, is cancer. Despite the significant development in therapeutic strategies, the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limits the success and impedes the curative outcome. Intrinsic and acquired resistance are common mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse. Several factors crucially regulate tumourigenesis and resistance, including physical barriers, tumour microenvironment (TME), heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, the immune system, tumour burden, growth kinetics and undruggable targets. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless-related integration site (Wnt/β-catenin), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are some of the key players that have a pivotal role in drug resistance mechanisms. To guide future cancer treatments and improve results, a deeper comprehension of drug resistance pathways is necessary. This review covers both intrinsic and acquired resistance and gives a comprehensive overview of recent research on mechanisms that enable cancer cells to bypass barriers put up by treatments, and, like "satellite navigation", find alternative routes by which to carry on their "journey" to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina-Myrto Chioni
- School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Department, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
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19
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Nitulescu GM, Stancov G, Seremet OC, Nitulescu G, Mihai DP, Duta-Bratu CG, Barbuceanu SF, Olaru OT. The Importance of the Pyrazole Scaffold in the Design of Protein Kinases Inhibitors as Targeted Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:5359. [PMID: 37513232 PMCID: PMC10385367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered activation or overexpression of protein kinases (PKs) is a major subject of research in oncology and their inhibition using small molecules, protein kinases inhibitors (PKI) is the best available option for the cure of cancer. The pyrazole ring is extensively employed in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development strategies, playing a vital role as a fundamental framework in the structure of various PKIs. This scaffold holds major importance and is considered a privileged structure based on its synthetic accessibility, drug-like properties, and its versatile bioisosteric replacement function. It has proven to play a key role in many PKI, such as the inhibitors of Akt, Aurora kinases, MAPK, B-raf, JAK, Bcr-Abl, c-Met, PDGFR, FGFRT, and RET. Of the 74 small molecule PKI approved by the US FDA, 8 contain a pyrazole ring: Avapritinib, Asciminib, Crizotinib, Encorafenib, Erdafitinib, Pralsetinib, Pirtobrutinib, and Ruxolitinib. The focus of this review is on the importance of the unfused pyrazole ring within the clinically tested PKI and on the additional required elements of their chemical structures. Related important pyrazole fused scaffolds like indazole, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole, pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, or pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine are beyond the subject of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgiana Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.N.)
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20
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Towards a Unified Approach in Autoimmune Fibrotic Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109060. [PMID: 37240405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a chronic process resulting in inflammation, tissue damage, and subsequent tissue remodelling and organ fibrosis. In contrast to acute inflammatory reactions, pathogenic fibrosis typically results from the chronic inflammatory reactions characterizing autoimmune diseases. Despite having obvious aetiological and clinical outcome distinctions, most chronic autoimmune fibrotic disorders have in common a persistent and sustained production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and fibrogenic cytokines, which together stimulate the deposition of connective tissue elements or epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that progressively remodels and destroys normal tissue architecture leading to organ failure. Despite its enormous impact on human health, there are currently no approved treatments that directly target the molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. The primary goal of this review is to discuss the most recent identified mechanisms of chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by a fibrotic evolution with the aim to identify possible common and unique mechanisms of fibrogenesis that might be exploited in the development of effective antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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