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Voitiuk K, Seiler ST, Pessoa de Melo M, Geng J, Hernandez S, Schweiger HE, Sevetson JL, Parks DF, Robbins A, Torres-Montoya S, Ehrlich D, Elliott MAT, Sharf T, Haussler D, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. A feedback-driven IoT microfluidic, electrophysiology, and imaging platform for brain organoid studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585237. [PMID: 38559212 PMCID: PMC10979982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of tissue cultures, particularly brain organoids, takes a high degree of coordination, measurement, and monitoring. We have developed an automated research platform enabling independent devices to achieve collaborative objectives for feedback-driven cell culture studies. Unified by an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, our approach enables continuous, communicative interactions among various sensing and actuation devices, achieving precisely timed control of in vitro biological experiments. The framework integrates microfluidics, electrophysiology, and imaging devices to maintain cerebral cortex organoids and monitor their neuronal activity. The organoids are cultured in custom, 3D-printed chambers attached to commercial microelectrode arrays for electrophysiology monitoring. Periodic feeding is achieved using programmable microfluidic pumps. We developed computer vision fluid volume estimations of aspirated media, achieving high accuracy, and used feedback to rectify deviations in microfluidic perfusion during media feeding/aspiration cycles. We validated the system with a 7-day study of mouse cerebral cortex organoids, comparing manual and automated protocols. The automated experimental samples maintained robust neural activity throughout the experiment, comparable with the control samples. The automated system enabled hourly electrophysiology recordings that revealed dramatic temporal changes in neuron firing rates not observed in once-a-day recordings.
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Atamian A, Birtele M, Hosseini N, Nguyen T, Seth A, Del Dosso A, Paul S, Tedeschi N, Taylor R, Coba MP, Samarasinghe R, Lois C, Quadrato G. Human cerebellar organoids with functional Purkinje cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:39-51.e6. [PMID: 38181749 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Research on human cerebellar development and disease has been hampered by the need for a human cell-based system that recapitulates the human cerebellum's cellular diversity and functional features. Here, we report a human organoid model (human cerebellar organoids [hCerOs]) capable of developing the complex cellular diversity of the fetal cerebellum, including a human-specific rhombic lip progenitor population that have never been generated in vitro prior to this study. 2-month-old hCerOs form distinct cytoarchitectural features, including laminar organized layering, and create functional connections between inhibitory and excitatory neurons that display coordinated network activity. Long-term culture of hCerOs allows healthy survival and maturation of Purkinje cells that display molecular and electrophysiological hallmarks of their in vivo counterparts, addressing a long-standing challenge in the field. This study therefore provides a physiologically relevant, all-human model system to elucidate the cell-type-specific mechanisms governing cerebellar development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Atamian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marcella Birtele
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Negar Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anoothi Seth
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Del Dosso
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sandeep Paul
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Neil Tedeschi
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Marcelo P Coba
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ranmal Samarasinghe
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Lois
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Guo L, Yang Z, Robbins TW, Fan Q. Pathological Networking of Gray Matter Dendritic Density With Classic Brain Morphometries in OCD. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2343208. [PMID: 37955895 PMCID: PMC10644219 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may involve altered dendritic morphology, but in vivo imaging of neurite morphology in OCD remains limited. Such changes must be interpreted functionally within the context of the multimodal neuroimaging approach to OCD. Objective To examine whether dendritic morphology is altered in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls (HCs) and whether such alterations are associated with other brain structural metrics in pathological networks. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study used cross-sectional data, including multimodal brain images and clinical symptom assessments, from 108 patients with OCD and 108 HCs from 2014 to 2017. Patients with OCD were recruited from Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China, and HCs were recruited via advertisements. The OCD group comprised unmedicated adults with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) diagnosis of OCD, while the HCs were adults without any DSM-IV diagnosis, matched for age, sex, and education level. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to April 2023. Exposure DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD. Main Outcomes and Measures Multimodal brain imaging was used to compare neurite microstructure and classic morphometries between patients with OCD and HCs. The whole brain was searched to identify regions exhibiting altered morphology in patients with OCD and explore the interplay between the brain metrics representing these alterations. Brain-symptom correlations were analyzed, and the performance of different brain metric configurations were evaluated in distinguishing patients with OCD from HCs. Results Among 108 HCs (median [IQR] age, 26 [23-31] years; 50 [46%] female) and 108 patients with OCD (median [IQR] age, 26 [24-31] years; 46 [43%] female), patients with OCD exhibited deficient neurite density in the right lateral occipitoparietal regions (peak t = 3.821; P ≤ .04). Classic morphometries also revealed widely-distributed alterations in the brain (peak t = 4.852; maximum P = .04), including the prefrontal, medial parietal, cingulate, and fusiform cortices. These brain metrics were interconnected into a pathological brain network associated with OCD symptoms (global strength: HCs, 0.253; patients with OCD, 0.941; P = .046; structural difference, 0.572; P < .001). Additionally, the neurite density index exhibited high discriminatory power in distinguishing patients with OCD from HCs (accuracy, ≤76.85%), and the entire pathological brain network also exhibited excellent discriminative classification properties (accuracy, ≤82.87%). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this case-control study underscore the utility of in vivo imaging of gray matter dendritic density in future OCD research and the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers. They also endorse the concept of connectopathy, providing a potential framework for interpreting the associations among various OCD symptom-related morphological anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Now with Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Now with Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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