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Gnaim R, Unis R, Gnayem N, Das J, Shamis O, Gozin M, Gnaim J, Golberg A. Avocado seed waste bioconversion into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by using Cobetia amphilecti and ethyl levulinate as a green extractant. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124371. [PMID: 37028635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The avocado processing industry produces up to 1.3M tons of agro-waste annually. Chemical analysis of avocado seed waste (ASW) revealed that it is rich in carbohydrates (464.7 ± 21.4 g kg-1) and proteins (37.2 ± 1.5 g kg-1). Optimized microbial cultivation of Cobetia amphilecti using an acid hydrolysate of ASW, generated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in a 2.1 ± 0.1 g L-1 concentration. The PHB productivity of C. amphilecti cultivated on ASW extract was 17.5 mg L-1 h-1. The process in which a novel ASW substrate was utilized has been further augmented by using ethyl levulinate as a sustainable extractant. This process achieved 97.4 ± 1.9 % recovery yield and 100 ± 1 % purity (measured by TGA, NMR, and FTIR) of the target PHB biopolymer, along with a high and relatively uniform PHB molecular weight (Mw = 1831 kDa, Mn = 1481 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.24) (measured by gel permeation chromatography), compared to PHB polymer extracted by chloroform (Mw = 389 kDa, Mn = 297 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.31). This is the first example of ASW utilization as a sustainable and inexpensive substrate for PHB biosynthesis and ethyl levulinate as an efficient and green extractant of PHB from a single bacterial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Gnaim
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Triangle Regional R&D Center (TRDC), Kfar Qari 30075, Israel.
| | - Razan Unis
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Triangle Regional R&D Center (TRDC), Kfar Qari 30075, Israel
| | - Nabeel Gnayem
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Triangle Regional R&D Center (TRDC), Kfar Qari 30075, Israel
| | - Jagadish Das
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Shamis
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Advanced Combustion Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jallal Gnaim
- The Triangle Regional R&D Center (TRDC), Kfar Qari 30075, Israel.
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Chavan S, Yadav B, Tyagi RD, Wong JWC, Drogui P. Trends and challenges in the valorization of kitchen waste to polyhydroxyalkanoates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128323. [PMID: 36400275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kitchen waste (KW) is frequently available for free or with a negative cost due to its huge production. It contains a large proportion of organic substances, especially fermentable sugars, which can be used for bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHA) synthesis. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties in processing, various pre-treatments of KW are being investigated to enhance the concentration of simple sugars released during its hydrolysis. The effective use of KW will help in minimizing the issues of its inappropriate disposal. However, the review on KW to bioplastic synthesis is rarely reported in the literature. Hence, this particular review provides a comprehensive summary of the updated research developments in KW valorization and its potency as a feedstock for PHAs synthesis. Additionally, the impacts of KW, its availability, the necessary pre-treatments for the biopolymerization process, as well as the prospects and challenges for industrially generating sustainable PHAs, are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Chavan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- BOSK-Bioproducts, 100-399 rue Jacquard, Québec (QC) G1N 4J6, Canada; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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Thauera sp. Sel9, a new bacterial strain for polyhydroxyalkanoates production from volatile fatty acids. N Biotechnol 2022; 72:71-79. [PMID: 36191843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thauera is one of the main genera involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in microbial mixed cultures (MMCs) from volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, no Thauera strains involved in PHA accumulation have been obtained in pure culture so far. This study is the first report of the isolation and characterization of a Thauera sp. strain, namely Sel9, obtained from a sequencing batch reactor (S-SBR) set up for the selection of PHA storing biomass. The 16S rRNA gene evidenced a high sequence similarity with T. butanivorans species. Genome sequencing identified all genes involved in PHA synthesis, regulation and degradation. The strain Sel9 was able to grow with an optimum of chemical oxygen demand-to-nitrogen (COD:N) ratio ranging from 4.7 to 18.9. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate were used as sole carbon and energy sources: a lag phase of 72 h was observed in presence of propionate. Final production of PHAs, achieved with a COD:N ratio of 75.5, was 60.12 ± 2.60 %, 49.31 ± 0.7 %, 37.31 ± 0.43 % and 18.06 ± 3.81 % (w/w) by using butyrate, acetate, valerate and propionate as substrates, respectively. Also, the 3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate ratio reflected the type of carbon sources used: 12.30 ± 0.82 for butyrate, 3.56 ± 0.02 for acetate, 0.93 ± 0.03 for valerate and 0.76 ± 0.02 for propionate. The results allow a better elucidation of the role of Thauera in MMCs and strongly suggest a possible exploitation of Thauera sp. Sel9 for a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis of PHAs using VFAs as substrate.
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Argiz L, Val Del Río Á, Correa-Galeote D, Rodelas B, Mosquera-Corral A. Simplified engineering design towards a competitive lipid-rich effluents valorization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115433. [PMID: 35751251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medium- and long-chain fatty acids and glycerol contained in the oily fraction of many food-industry effluents are excellent candidates to produce biobased high-value triacylglycerides (TAGs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The typical process configuration for TAGs recovery from lipid-rich streams always includes two steps (culture enrichment plus storage compounds accumulation) whereas, for PHAs production, an additional pretreatment of the substrate for the obtainment of soluble volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is required. To simplify the process, substrate hydrolysis, culture enrichment, and accumulation (TAG and PHA storage) were coupled here in a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under the double growth limitation strategy (DGL) and fed in pulses with industrial waste fish oil during the whole feast phase. When the SBR was operated in 12 h cycles, it was reached up to 51 wt % biopolymers after only 6 h of feast (TAG:PHA ratio of 50:51; 0.423 CmmolBIOP/CmmolS). Daily storage compound production was observed to be over 25% higher than the reached when enrichment and accumulation stages were carried in separate operational units. Increasing the feast phase length from 6 to 12 h (18 h cycle) negatively affected the DGL strategy performance and hence system storage capacity, which was recovered after also extending the famine phase in the same proportion (24 h cycle). Besides, the carbon influx during the feast phase was identified as a key operational parameter controlling storage compounds production and, together with the C/N ratio, culture selection. The different cycle configurations tested clearly modulated the total fungal abundances without no significant differences in the size of the bacterial populations. Several PHA and TAG producers were found in the mixed culture although the PHA and TAG productions were poorly associated with the increased relative abundances (RAs) of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Argiz
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Val Del Río
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Belén Rodelas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Liu S, Narancic T, Davis C, O'Connor KE. CRISPR-Cas9 Editing of the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyesters Polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHA) in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2397:341-358. [PMID: 34813072 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1826-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies allow us to study the metabolic pathways of cells and the contribution of each associated enzyme to various processes, including polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis. These biodegradable polyesters accumulated by a range of bacteria are thermoplastic, elastomeric, and biodegradable, thus have great applicative potential. However, several challenges are associated with PHA production, mainly the cost and shortcomings in their physical properties. The advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering provide us with a tool to improve the production process and allow the synthesis of tailor-made PHAs. CRISPR/Cas9 technology represents a new generation of genome editing tools capable of application in nearly all organisms. However, off-target activity is a crucial issue for CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as it can cause genomic instability and disruption of functions of otherwise normal genes. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for scarless deletion of the genes implicated in PHA metabolism of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using modified CRISPR/Cas9 systems and methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanja Narancic
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris Davis
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin E O'Connor
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences and BiOrbic SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Biosynthesis of Poly-ß-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Different Bacterial Strains Grown on Alternative Cheap Carbon Sources. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213801. [PMID: 34771358 PMCID: PMC8587160 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty bacterial isolates were tested on three different media for Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The best bacterial isolates for producing PHB were screened and identified based on molecular biology; then, using three different alternative carbon sources (dried whey, sugar beet molasses and date molasses), physical properties were evaluated by Infrared (IR) spectrometry and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results showed that the best isolates identified based on molecular biology were Bacillus paramycoides MCCC 1A04098, Azotobacter salinestris NBRC 102611 and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis BIO-TAS2-2. The addition of sugar beet molasses to the medium of A. salinestris increased the cell dry weight (CDW), PHB concentration, PHB% and conversion coefficient (4.97 g/L, 1.56 g/L, 31.38% and 23.92%, respectively). The correlation coefficient values between PHB g/L and CDW g/L varied between very strong and moderate positive correlation. IR of the produced PHB from B. paramycoides and A. salinestris showed similar bands which confirmed the presence of PHB; however, B. naejangsanensis showed weak bands, indicating lower PHB concentration. The chemical composition obtained showed that the GC-MS of the PHB extracted represents 2, 4-ditert-butylphenol for B. paramycoides and isopropyl ester of 2-butenoic acid for both of A. salinestris and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. Therefore, PHB produced by microorganisms can be considered a biodegradable polyester, and represents a promising technique for the development of eco-friendly and fully biodegradable plastics.
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Hu B, Quan J, Huang K, Zhao J, Xing G, Wu P, Chen Y, Ding X, Hu Y. Effects of C/N ratio and dissolved oxygen on aerobic denitrification process: A mathematical modeling study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129521. [PMID: 33485044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
COD to ammonium nitrogen (C/N) ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are the most important factors affecting aerobic denitrification process, however, the effects of those on the mix-cultured aerobic denitrification process are still ambiguous. A mathematical model based on the framework of activated sludge model No. 3 (ASM3) was proposed for simulating nitrogen removal in an aerobic denitrification SBR process via anoxic/aerobic denitrification. AQUASIM 2.1G was employed for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis and model calibration, as well as model validation. Ultimately, the impacts of the C/N ratio and the DO concentration on the aerobic denitrification process were revealed by the validated model. The model proposed well described nitrogen removal in an aerobic denitrification SBR process. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of the process increased with the increasing of C/N ratio and the decreasing of DO concentration. C/N ratio impacted the synthesis of cell internal storage products (XSTO), and the effects of DO concentration on the process resulted from the competition with substrate between heterotrophs and aerobic denitrifiers. High C/N ratio was preferred, however, the DO concentration should be maintained at a relatively lower level under the premise of ensuring the aerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianing Quan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guohua Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang'an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ding
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yanta Road No. 58, 710054, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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Zheng Y, Guo L, Liu Y, She Z, Gao M, Jin C, Zhao Y. Effects of chemical oxygen demand concentration, pH and operation cycle on polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis with waste sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1922-1929. [PMID: 31638475 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1683615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the cost of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production and dispose the amount of waste sludge simultaneously, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, pH and operation cycle were investigated to find the optimal PHA synthesis conditions with waste sludge in this study. The maximum PHA content (31.3% of the cell dry weight (CDW)), as well as the highest PHA conversion rate (0.30 mg COD/mg COD) and PHA-specific synthesis rate (6.12 mg COD/mg CDW·h), was achieved with initial COD concentration, pH value and operation cycle: 6000 mg/L, 8.5 and 24 h. In order to further investigate the process of PHA synthesis, COD removal rate and CDW were also introduced. This study could provide valuable information for increasing the production of PHA with waste sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Keskes S, Jallouli W, Atitallah IB, Driss F, Sahli E, Chamkha M, Tounsi S. Development of a cost-effective medium for Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide production from wastewater and exploration of performance kinetic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:779. [PMID: 33436984 PMCID: PMC7804953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the optimization of the culture conditions for enhancing Photorhabdus temperata biopesticide production using wastewater (WS4) as a raw material. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the effects of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), sodium chloride concentration and inoculum size on P. temperata biomass production and insecticidal activity. For an enhanced biopesticide production, the optimum operating conditions were as follows: inoculum size = 4%; C/N ratio = 12.5 and [NaCl] = 4 g/L for two responses. 1.95 and 2.75 fold improvements in oral toxicity and biomass production were respectively obtained in the cost-effective medium developed in this study (WS4 I) using the three variables at their optimal values. Under the optimized conditions, WS4 I-grown cells exhibited higher membrane integrity according to flow cytometry analysis since dead cells presented only 9.2% compared to 29.2% in WS4. From batch fermentations carried out in WS4 I and WS4, P. temperata kinetic parameters in terms of biomass production and substrate consumption rates were modeled. The obtained results showed that the maximum specific growth rate in WS4 I was of 0.43 h-1 while that obtained in WS4 was of 0.14 h-1. In addition, the efficiency of P. temperata to metabolize organic carbon was enhanced by optimizing the culture conditions. It reached 72.66% instead of 46.18% in the control fermentation after 10 h of incubation. Under the optimized conditions, P. temperata cells showed the highest specific consumption rate resulting in a toxin synthesis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keskes
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Jallouli
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Ben Atitallah
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Driss
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Sahli
- Analysis Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Tounsi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ojha N, Das N. Process optimization and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers produced by marine Pichia kudriavzevii VIT-NN02 using banana peels and chicken feather hydrolysate. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tsang YF, Kumar V, Samadar P, Yang Y, Lee J, Ok YS, Song H, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Jeon YJ. Production of bioplastic through food waste valorization. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:625-644. [PMID: 30991219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous amount of food waste from diverse sources is an environmental burden if disposed of inappropriately. Thus, implementation of a biorefinery platform for food waste is an ideal option to pursue (e.g., production of value-added products while reducing the volume of waste). The adoption of such a process is expected to reduce the production cost of biodegradable plastics (e.g., compared to conventional routes of production using overpriced pure substrates (e.g., glucose)). This review focuses on current technologies for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from food waste. Technical details were also described to offer clear insights into diverse pretreatments for preparation of raw materials for the actual production of bioplastic (from food wastes). In this respect, particular attention was paid to fermentation technologies based on pure and mixed cultures. A clear description on the chemical modification of starch, cellulose, chitin, and caprolactone is also provided with a number of case studies (covering PHA-based products) along with a discussion on the prospects of food waste valorization approaches and their economic/technical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Pallabi Samadar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Pusan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Photofermentative Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Production by Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 in a Novel Outdoor 70-L Photobioreactor. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the performance of a 70 L photobioreactor, operating outdoors, was investigated using a purple bacterial strain as Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 for producing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The novel photobioreactor was equipped with 5 rows L-shaped; the bottom of every row was placed in a stainless-steel tank containing water with controlled temperature. The photofermentation trials were carried out under fed-batch mode and under a semi-continuous regimen using lactic acid as the carbon source. The effect of the irradiance and the carbon/nitrogen ratio on the PHB accumulation was investigated, in order to evaluate the optimal bacterial growth. The results showed the feasibility of the prototype photobioreactor for the production of PHB by Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 under the natural light/dark cycle. During the fed-batch growth (144 h long), the cumulative PHB increased quickly reaching a maximum value of 377 mg/L and decreased to 255 mg/L during the semi-continuous regimen (336 h long).
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Trends in the biomanufacture of polyhydroxyalkanoates with focus on downstream processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:762-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lam W, Wang Y, Chan PL, Chan SW, Tsang YF, Chua H, Yu PHF. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using sludge from different wastewater treatment processes and the potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1779-1791. [PMID: 28387154 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1316316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, seven strains of bacteria with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing ability (i.e. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomona huttiensis, Yersinia frederiksenii, Aeromonas ichthiosmia, and Sphingopyxis terrae) were isolated from various waste treatment plants in Hong Kong. Simultaneous wastewater treatment and PHA accumulation were successfully achieved in the bioreactors using isolated bacteria from different sludges. At the organic loading less than 13,000 ppm, more than 95% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed by the isolated strains before the decrease of PHA accumulation. In addition, more than 95% of nitrogen removal was achieved by all isolated strains. In the bioreactors inoculated with single strains, the highest yields of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV) were obtained in A. ichthiosmia (84 mg PHB/g) and B. cereus (69 mg/g), respectively. For the mixed culture, the highest yields of PHB and PHV were increased by 55% and 45% in the system inoculated with B. pumilus and A. ichthiosmia. The biologically synthesized PHA also showed the potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. PHA-nanoparticles loaded with pyrene were successfully prepared by recombinant Escherichia coli. The results of in vitro drug release and biocompatibility tests revealed that nanoparticles could be used as safer dray carriers with high loading capacity and efficiency. After 20 days, the cells successfully grew on 90% of the PHA-aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Lam
- a SGS Hong Kong Ltd , Hong Kong
| | - Yujie Wang
- b Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Pui Ling Chan
- c Department of Applied Science, School for Higher and Professional Education (Chai Wan) , Chai Wan , Hong Kong
| | - Shun Wan Chan
- d Faculty of Science and Technology , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Tsing Yi , Hong Kong
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- e Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Tai Po , Hong Kong
- f Guizhou Academy of Sciences , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chua
- d Faculty of Science and Technology , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Tsing Yi , Hong Kong
| | - Peter Hoi Fu Yu
- d Faculty of Science and Technology , Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong , Tsing Yi , Hong Kong
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Sharma PK, Fu J, Spicer V, Krokhin OV, Cicek N, Sparling R, Levin DB. Global changes in the proteome of Cupriavidus necator H16 during poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis from various biodiesel by-product substrates. AMB Express 2016; 6:36. [PMID: 27184362 PMCID: PMC4870535 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of poly-[3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator H16 in batch cultures was evaluated using three biodiesel-derived by-products as the sole carbon sources: waste glycerol (REG-80, refined to 80 % purity with negligible free fatty acids); glycerol bottom (REG-GB, with up to 65 % glycerol and 35 % free fatty acids), and free fatty acids (REG-FFA, with up to 75 % FFA and no glycerol). All the three substrates supported growth and PHB production by C. necator, with polymer accumulation ranging from 9 to 84 % cell dry weight (cdw), depending on the carbon source. To help understand these differences, proteomic analysis indicated that although C. necator H16 was able to accumulate PHB during growth on all three biodiesel by-products, no changes in the levels of PHB synthesis enzymes were observed. However, significant changes in the levels of expression were observed for two Phasin proteins involved with PHB accumulation, and for a number of gene products in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, the Glyoxylate Shunt, and the hydrogen (H2) synthesis pathways in C. necator cells cultured with different substrates. The glycerol transport protein (GlpF) was induced in REG-GB and REG-80 glycerol cultures only. Cupriavidus necator cells cultured with REG-GB and REG-FFA showed up-regulation of β-oxidation and Glyoxylate Shunt pathways proteins at 24 h pi, but H2 synthesis pathways enzymes were significantly down-regulated, compared with cells cultured with waste glycerol. Our data confirmed earlier observations of constitutive expression of PHB synthesis proteins, but further suggested that C. necator H16 cells growing on biodiesel-derived glycerol were under oxidative stress.
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Optimisation of the use of products from the cane sugar industry for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Azohydromonas lata DSM 1123 in fed-batch cultivation. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kumar P, Ray S, Patel SK, Lee JK, Kalia VC. Bioconversion of crude glycerol to polyhydroxyalkanoate by Bacillus thuringiensis under non-limiting nitrogen conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evaluation of feeding regimes to enhance PHA production using acetic and butyric acids by a pure culture of Cupriavidus necator. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sukan A, Roy I, Keshavarz T. Agro-Industrial Waste Materials as Substrates for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2014.54027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Triggers of aggregation and extracellular polysaccharide polymer production in Acidovorax temperans. Curr Microbiol 2013; 66:515-21. [PMID: 23325034 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial aggregation has important implications for the maintenance of bacteria in engineered environments. The triggers for aggregation, however, are poorly understood. A strain of Acidovorax temperans CB2Hn isolated from activated sludge was found to exhibit transient aggregation and was applied as a model to investigate factors that regulate biological aggregation. Growth kinetic studies indicate CB2Hn has exponential growth rates (μ(max)) ranging from 0.11 to 0.75 (log(CFU mL(-1))h(-1)) depending on nutrient conditions. CB2Hn exhibited variable aggregation in growth media that differed in the type of available carbon. Aggregation indices and extracellular polysaccharide polymer levels showed transient maxima which occurred at different points in the growth curve for each medium type. Maximum aggregation points were detected at the beginning of log phase in media containing complex carbon sources. In contrast, maximum values were detected in early log phase and mid-to-late log phase in media containing both simple and complex carbon sources. The results suggest that aggregation is regulated by nutritional cues and is possibly triggered by the switch to utilisation of complex carbon substrates.
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21
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On the control of molecular weight distribution of polyhydroxybutyrate in Azohydromonas lata cultures. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Jarpa M, Pozo G, Baeza R, Martínez M, Vidal G. Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis from paper mill wastewater treated by a moving bed biofilm reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2052-2059. [PMID: 22871002 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.695699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis in paper mill wastewater treated by a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) was evaluated. A MBBR was operated during 300 d. The increasing effect of the Organic Load Rate (OLR) from 0.13 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d to 2.99 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d and the influence of two relationship of BOD(5:) N: P (100: 5: 1 and 100: 1: 0.3) on the PHA biosynthesis were evaluated. With an OLR of 0.13 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d, the maximum organic matter removal measure as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD(5)) was 98.7% for a BOD(5:) N: P relationship of 100: 5: 1. Meanwhile for BOD(5): N: P relationship of 100: 1: 0.3, the maximum efficiency was 87.2% (OLR: 2.99 kg BOD(5)/m(3)·d). The behaviour of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and total phenolic compound removal efficiencies were below 65.0% and 41.0%, respectively. PHA biosynthesis was measured as a percentage of cells that accumulate PHA, where the maximum percentage was 85.1% and 78.7% when MBBR was operated under a BOD(5): N: P relationship of 100: 5: 1 and 100: 1: 0.3, respectively. Finally, the PHA yields in this study were estimated to range between 0.11 to 0.72 mg PHA/mg VSS and 0.06 to 0.15 mg PHA/mg COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Jarpa
- Environmental Sciences Center EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Verlinden RAJ, Hill DJ, Kenward MA, Williams CD, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Radecka IK. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from waste frying oil by Cupriavidus necator. AMB Express 2011; 1:11. [PMID: 21906352 PMCID: PMC3222315 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers, which can replace petrochemical plastics in many applications. However, these bioplastics are currently far more expensive than petrochemical plastics. Many researchers are investigating the use of inexpensive substrates derived from waste streams. Waste frying oil is abundant and can be used in PHA production without filtration. Cupriavidus necator (formerly known as Ralstonia eutropha) is a versatile organism for the production of PHAs. Small-scale batch fermentation studies have been set up, using different concentrations of pure vegetable oil, heated vegetable oil and waste frying oil. These oils are all rapeseed oils. It has been shown that Cupriavidus necator produced the homopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from the rapeseed oils. The achieved PHB concentration from waste frying oil was 1.2 g/l, which is similar to a concentration that can be obtained from glucose. The PHB harvest from pure oil and heated oil was 0.62 g/l and 0.9 g/l respectively. A feed of waste frying oil could thus achieve more biopolymer than pure vegetable oil. While the use of a waste product is beneficial from a life-cycle perspective, PHB is not the only product that can be made from waste oil. The collection of waste frying oil is becoming more widespread, making waste oil a good alternative to purified oil or glucose for PHB production.
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Dobroth ZT, Hu S, Coats ER, McDonald AG. Polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis on biodiesel wastewater using mixed microbial consortia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3352-9. [PMID: 21130645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerol (CG), a by-product of biodiesel production, is an organic carbon-rich substrate with potential as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. PHA is a biodegradable thermoplastic synthesized by microorganisms as an intracellular granule. In this study we investigated PHA production on CG using mixed microbial consortia (MMC) and determined that the enriched MMC produced exclusively polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) utilizing the methanol fraction. PHB synthesis appeared to be stimulated by a macronutrient deficiency. Intracellular concentrations remained relatively constant over an operational cycle, with microbial growth occurring concurrent with polymer synthesis. PHB average molecular weights ranged from 200-380 kDa, while thermal properties compared well with commercial PHB. The resulting PHB material properties and characteristics would be suitable for many commercial uses. Considering full-scale process application, it was estimated that a 38 million L (10 million gallon) per year biodiesel operation could potentially produce up to 19 metric ton (20.9t on) of PHB per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Dobroth
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA
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Lau NS, Tsuge T, Sudesh K. Formation of new polyhydroxyalkanoate containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate monomer in Burkholderia sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 89:1599-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mumtaz T, Yahaya NA, Abd-Aziz S, Abdul Rahman N, Yee PL, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent – a Malaysian perspective. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2010; 18:1393-1402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Yan Q, Zhao M, Miao H, Ruan W, Song R. Coupling of the hydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production through anaerobic digestion from Taihu blue algae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:4508-4512. [PMID: 20153165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Coupling bio-production of hydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from Taihu blue algae through metabolites circulation was investigated. It was found that the pH adjustment, especially basification was more practical and efficient than other methods for the pretreatment of blue algae before anaerobic digestion. On this occasion, SCOD, biogas accumulation and hydrogen content reached 26 mg/gTS, 500 mL and 37.2%, and which were 4.3, 1.3 and 14.4 times of those of the control group, respectively. Secondly, amounts of both butyric acid and hydrogen could be further increased when blue algae was alkali pretreated at pH 13, as the accumulation of butyric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen reached 1.7, 1.4 and 3.8 times compared to those of the control, respectively. Finally, the coupling bio-production of hydrogen and PHA was conducted through pumping organic residues into PHA fermenter from anaerobic digester. Remarkably, it was found that the larger the pumping rate of carbon and nitrogen sources supply, the higher the yield of DCW and PHA could be expected by Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Khardenavis AA, Vaidya AN, Kumar MS, Chakrabarti T. Utilization of molasses spentwash for production of bioplastics by waste activated sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:2558-2565. [PMID: 19500968 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Present study describes the treatment of molasses spentwash and its use as a potential low cost substrate for production of biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by waste activated sludge. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of PHB granules in sludge biomass which was further confirmed by fourier transform-infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The processing of molasses spentwash was carried out for attaining different ratios of carbon and nitrogen (C:N). Highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and PHB accumulation of 60% and 31% respectively was achieved with raw molasses spentwash containing inorganic nitrogen (C:N ratio=28) followed by COD removal of 52% and PHB accumulation of 28% for filtered molasses containing inorganic nitrogen (C:N ratio=29). PHB production yield (Y(p/s)) was highest (0.184 g g(-1) COD consumed) for deproteinized spentwash supplemented with nitrogen. In contrast, the substrate consumption and product formation were higher in case of raw spentwash. Though COD removal was lowest from deproteinized spentwash, evaluation of kinetic parameters suggested higher rates of conversion of available carbon to biomass and PHB. Thus the process provided dual benefit of conversion of two wastes viz. waste activated sludge and molasses spentwash into value-added product-PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman A Khardenavis
- Environmental Genomics Unit, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Kumar T, Singh M, Purohit HJ, Kalia VC. Potential of Bacillus sp. to produce polyhydroxybutyrate from biowaste. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:2017-23. [PMID: 19226393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the Bacillus strains for their abilities to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from different sugars and biowaste (Pea-shells). METHODS AND RESULTS Six Bacillus strains were checked for their ability to produce PHB from GM2 medium supplemented with different sugars at the rate of 1% (w/v) and from biowaste and GM2 (BW : M) combinations (3 : 7, 1 : 1, 7 : 3). Glucose supplemented GM2 medium resulted in maximum PHB production of 435 mg l(-1) constituting 31-62% w/w of the total cell dry mass. Substituting GM2 medium to the extent of 50% with biowaste (pea-shell slurry) resulted in 945-1205 mg l(-1) PHB (55-65% w/w). Optimization for additional nitrogen supplementation, inoculum size resulted in a final PHB production of 3010-3370 mg l(-1) equivalent to 300 g kg(-1) biowaste (dry wt). CONCLUSION The Bacillus strains were able to produce PHB from biowaste (Pea-shells) as cheap source of substrate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report on usage of pea-shells as feed for PHB production, opening new possibilities for its use for production of PHB and Bacillus as potential candidate for the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
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Vigneswari S, Vijaya S, Majid MIA, Sudesh K, Sipaut CS, Azizan MNM, Amirul AA. Enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer with manipulated variables and its properties. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:547-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mengmeng C, Hong C, Qingliang Z, Shirley SN, Jie R. Optimal production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in activated sludge fed by volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generated from alkaline excess sludge fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1399-405. [PMID: 18945612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the production cost of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and disposal amount of excess sludge simultaneously, the feasibility of using fermentative volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon sources to synthesize PHA by activated sludge was examined. At pH 11.0, 60 degrees C and fermentative time of 7d, the VFAs yield was 258.65 mgTOC/gVSS. To restrain cell growth during PHA production, the released phosphorus and residual ammonium in the fermentative VFAs was recovered by the formation of struvite precipitation. Acetic acid was the predominant composition of the fermentative VFAs. PHA accumulation in excess sludge occurred feeding by fermentative VFAs with aerobic dynamic feeding process. The maximum PHA content accounted for 56.5% of the dry cell. It can be concluded from this study that the VFAs generated from excess sludge fermentation were a suitable carbon source for PHA production by activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Mengmeng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Amirul AA, Yahya ARM, Sudesh K, Azizan MNM, Majid MIA. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA1020 isolated from Lake Kulim, Malaysia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:4903-4909. [PMID: 17981028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cupriavidus sp. USMAA1020 was isolated from Malaysian environment and able to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), [P(3HB-co-4HB)] when grown on gamma-butyrolactone as the sole carbon source. The polyester was purified from freeze-dried cells and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 1H and 13C NMR results confirmed the presence of 3HB and 4HB monomers. In a one-step cultivation process, P(3HB-co-4HB) accumulation by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA1020 was affected by carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). A two-step cultivation process accumulated P(3HB-co-4HB) copolyester with a higher 4HB fraction (53 mol%) in nitrogen-free mineral medium containing gamma-butyrolactone. The biosynthesis of P(3HB-co-4HB) was also achieved by using 4-hydroxybutyric acid and alkanediol as 1,4-butanediol. The composition of copolyesters varied from 32 to 51 mol% 4HB, depending on the carbon sources supplied. The copolyester produced by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA1020 has a random sequence distribution of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) units when analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When gamma-butyrolactone was used as the sole carbon source, the 4HB fraction in copolyester increased from 25 to 60 mol% as the concentration of gamma-butyrolactone in the culture medium increased from 2.5 g/L to 20.0 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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