1
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Wantala K, Klangwichian W, Suwannaruang T, Praphatsaraphiwat S, Taksungnern R, Chirawatkul P, Kaewluan S, Shivaraju HP. In situ hydro-deoxygenation onto nickel-doped HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for upgrading pyrolytic oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117829-117845. [PMID: 37875756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Global energy demand has drastically increased due to urbanization and industrialization; thus, developing alternative renewable energy sources is urgently required. In the present work, upgrading the pyrolytic oil (PO) derived from fresh palm fruit was performed by the catalytic in situ hydrodeoxygenation (in situ HDO) process. Preparation of nickel-doped HZSM-5 zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 40) was achieved by incipient wetness impregnation techniques using different weight percents of nickel dopant into HZSM-5. Nickel-doped HZSM-5 zeolite (Ni-HZSM-5) was further subjected to chemical reduction for 5 h in the oxygen-free environment (10% H2 and 90% N2) at 550 °C. The structural properties showed a potential reduction of NiO-HZSM-5 to Ni-HZSM-5, enhancing the catalytic potential. The morphological characterizations showed spherical-shaped Ni agglomerated onto HZSM-5. Acidity and oxygen contents in the pyrolytic oil were achieved by catalyst-aided HDO process at 220 °C for 6 h using methanol as a hydrogen donor. The catalytically upgraded pyrolytic oil (UPO) was analyzed for density, HHV, CHNO, and TGA. The best upgrading oil was distilled following ASTM D86 to separate gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The acidity, density, HHV, and viscosity were measured before and after the upgradation processes. The results showed the potential impact of Ni with 10% doped on HZSM-5 on HDO reaction and illustrated the lowest oxygen content in upgraded pyrolytic oil products. Considerable decrease in viscosity and density level indicated that in situ HDO not only reduced oxygen content but also cracked pyrolytic oil to small molecules. The distilled product of upgrading oil was higher than pyrolytic oil by approximately 15% in volume. The viscosity, density, and HHV were under standard specifications of kerosene and diesel, except for acidity. However, the acidity was reduced by over 60% compared with raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitirote Wantala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Center for Alternative Energy Research and Development (AERD), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Warangkana Klangwichian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Totsaporn Suwannaruang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Praphatsaraphiwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Taksungnern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Prae Chirawatkul
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Sommas Kaewluan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
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2
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A Comprehensive Review on Biofuels from Oil Palm Empty Bunch (EFB): Current Status, Potential, Barriers and Way Forward. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass is an important renewable energy resource which primarily contributes to heating and cooling end use sectors. It is also a promising alternative source of biofuels to replace the depleting supply of fossil fuels. Surprisingly, few writers have been able to draw on the feedstock significance for oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as the biomass resource for biofuels compared to the other types of biomass waste. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of EFB as a biomass resource presented in four major parts. First, the introduction covers the demand for bio-oil and describes the different kinds of feedstock, the relevance and potential of EFB biomass. Second, the characteristics of biomass are explained before it is upgraded as biofuel, drawing similarities and contrasts between EFB and other sources of biomass. Pyrolysis processes and reactors used for EFB conversion are described, and the factors affecting the bio-oil yield and quality are discussed. Major reactor parameters are summarized and reactor optimization is discussed. Third, comparison on the properties of the bio-oil vs. petroleum in transportation, power generation, and heating are compared followed by prioritizing the bio-oil properties from the most to least critical, revealing the most promising methods for upgrading. Fourth, the environmental impact, including CO2 emission, of the use of EFB as a promising renewable energy resource and a cleaner alternative fuel is recommended. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches into biofuels, including the similarities and differences between biomasses, the best reactors, its comparison with fossil fuels, and bio-oil upgrading methods. The upgrading mapping matrix is created to present the best upgrading strategies for the optimum quality of biofuels. This paper serves as a one-stop center for EFB conversion into biofuels.
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3
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Riyanto T, Istadi I, Buchori L, Anggoro DD, Dani Nandiyanto AB. Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Cracking as an Advanced Process for Vegetable Oils Conversion to Biofuels: A Mini Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teguh Riyanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - I. Istadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Luqman Buchori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Didi D. Anggoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
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4
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Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Rong BG. Integrated Methodology for the Optimal Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Production Processes: 1. Simulation-Based Superstructure Synthesis and Development. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
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5
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Kumar A, Kiriamiti HK. Optimisation of transesterification of Croton megalocarpus oil over alkaline earth catalysts using conventional and microwave irradiation by response surface methodology. Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1758223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Moi University, Kesses, Kenya
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6
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Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ruan R. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of formic acid pretreated bamboo sawdust for bio-oil production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108988. [PMID: 31821986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The integrated process of formic acid pretreatment and pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust (BS) under microwave irradiation is developed to produce high-quality bio-oil in this study. Experimental results indicated that microwave-assisted formic acid (MFA) pretreatment was able to reduce the contents of hydrogen, ash, and volatile in biomass. In the meanwhile, a distinct increase in the higher heating value of pretreated BS was observed. Although a higher pretreatment temperature led to lower mass yield, the corresponding energy yield of solid product was remarkably higher. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry analyses of pretreated BS suggested that MFA pretreatment could destruct the pristine structure of BS. Therefore, thermal properties of pretreated BS were significantly altered in terms of thermal stability and decomposition temperature according to thermogravimetric analysis. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pretreated samples could produce less acids, phenols, and ketones but more sugars, especially gluopyranose. Furthermore, the relevant mechanism of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pretreated BS was interpreted. In sum, MFA was a feasible and promising technology to improve the quality of bio-oil from microwave pyrolysis of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Rong BG. A review of the current state of biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass using thermochemical conversion routes. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Van Nguyen Q, Choi YS, Choi SK, Jeong YW, Kwon YS. Improvement of bio-crude oil properties via co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and waste polystyrene foam. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:24-29. [PMID: 30780052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conversion technology of solid biomass to liquid fuel, named bio-crude oil, has been researched widely for the production of renewable energy to replace fossil fuel oil. As the result of many admirable researches, fast pyrolysis technology for bio-crude oil production is close to commercialization. However, bio-crude oil has unsatisfactory properties compared to general petroleum oil, for instance, low heating value, high water content, and high viscosity. In this study, pine sawdust (SD) biomass was co-pyrolyzed with waste polystyrene foam (WPSF), which was expected to improve the bio-crude oil quality due to high heating value and non-oxygen composition of polystyrene. The co-pyrolysis experiment was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor under the following conditions: temperature of 500 °C which was chosen based on the results from thermogravimetric analysis of SD and WPSF, nitrogen flow rate of 20-25 L/min., and feeding rate of 200 g/hr. Various mixing ratios of SD/WPSF by weight percentage were tested as follows: 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20, 75/25, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100. Experimental results showed that in case of only SD feeding the bio-crude oil yield and higher heating value (HHV) were 48.83 wt% and 17.81 MJ/kg respectively. By contrast, oil yield and HHV in case of 25% SD with 75% WPSF mixture were 63.31 wt% and 39.65 MJ/kg respectively. Additional analysis showed that water content, and acetic acid concentration of bio-crude oil from co-pyrolysis of SD/WPSF mixture were decreased almost proportionally with the increasing WPSF ratio. Furthermore, measured values of water content, and acetic acid concentration were lower than the calculated values by linear interpolation, which means that the synergistic effect between SD and WPSF was achieved during the co-pyrolysis. In conclusion, co-pyrolysis of SD and WPSF was found as a promising solution to improve bio-crude oil quality. With this technology, the industrial growth of bio-crude oil area is expected as well as waste plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Van Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Energy Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Choi
- Department of Environmental and Energy Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Clean Fuel & Power Generation, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea.
| | - Sang Kyu Choi
- Department of Environmental and Energy Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Clean Fuel & Power Generation, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Jeong
- Department of Clean Fuel & Power Generation, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Yong Su Kwon
- Department of Environmental and Energy Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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9
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Bayat A. Enhanced Performance of Methyl Ester to Renewable Aromatics via Thermocatalytic Conversion over Metal‐Modified HZSM‐5 Zeolites: An Experimental Study. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bayat
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTafresh University Tafresh 39518 79611 Iran
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10
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Chen G, Zhang R, Ma W, Liu B, Li X, Yan B, Cheng Z, Wang T. Catalytic cracking of model compounds of bio-oil over HZSM-5 and the catalyst deactivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1611-1622. [PMID: 29727985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic cracking upgrading reactions over HZSM-5 of different model compounds of bio-oil have been studied with a self-designed fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) equipment. Typical bio-oil model compounds, such as acetic acid, guaiacol, n-heptane, acetol and ethyl acetate, were chosen to study the products distribution, reaction pathway and deactivation of catalysts. The results showed: C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons, C2-C4 olefins, C1-C5 alkanes, CO and CO2 were the main products, and the selectivity of olefins was: ethylene>propylene>butylene. Catalyst characterization methods, such as FI-IR, TG-TPO and Raman, were used to study the deactivation mechanism of catalysts. According to the catalyst characterization results, a catalyst deactivation mechanism was proposed as follows: Firstly, the precursor which consisted of a large number of long chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and a small amount CC of aromatics formed on the catalyst surface. Then the active sites of catalysts had been covered, the coke type changed from thermal coke to catalytic coke and gradually blocked the channels of the molecular sieve, which accelerated the deactivation of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Rong BG. Systematic Synthesis and Evaluation of Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Lignocellulosic Biofuels Production: Total Process Evaluation and Integration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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12
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Jaroenkhasemmeesuk C, Prasertpong P, Thanmongkhon Y, Tippayawong N. Simplex Lattice Approach to Optimize Yields of Light Oil Products from Catalytic Cracking of Bio-Oil with Mixed Catalysts. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1302942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoothana Thanmongkhon
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Phathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Tippayawong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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13
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14
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Li K, Zhu C, Zhang L, Zhu X. Study on pyrolysis characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass impregnated with ammonia source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:142-147. [PMID: 26967337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents the pyrolysis characteristics of rice husk impregnated with different kinds of ammonia source (ammonium acetate, urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) in a fixed bed reactor. The introduction of ammonia source in pyrolysis process achieved the conversation from carbonyl compounds to nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. The liquid product of urea-impregnated biomass has higher content of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (8.35%) and phenols (30.4%). For ammonium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-impregnated biomass, the quantity of compounds in liquid products reduces remarkably, and the gas products are rich in CO and H2. All the solid products of pyrolysis have great potential application in biochar-based fertilizer and activated carbon for their high N content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Changpeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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15
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A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Properties and Prospects for Upgrading to Transportation Fuels. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8076765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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16
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Gollakota ARK, Subramanyam MD, Kishore N, Gu S. CFD simulations on the effect of catalysts on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of three catalysts on bio-oil upgradation using hydrodeoxygenation over a range of WHSVs, temperatures and pressures are numerically investigated using a CFD approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani R. K. Gollakota
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam – 781039
- India
| | - Malladi D. Subramanyam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam – 781039
- India
| | - Nanda Kishore
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam – 781039
- India
| | - Sai Gu
- Centre for Biofuel
- School of Energy, Environmental and Agrifood
- Cranfield University
- UK
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17
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Sirous Rezaei P, Shafaghat H, Daud WMAW. Origin of catalyst deactivation in atmospheric hydrogenolysis of m-cresol over Fe/HBeta. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07420g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of catalyst deactivation in transformation of m-cresol over Fe/HBeta is the tight bond formed between zeolite acid sites and phenol molecules which are produced through demethylation of m-cresol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Sirous Rezaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Hoda Shafaghat
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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18
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Chan YH, Yusup S, Quitain AT, Uemura Y, Sasaki M. Bio-oil production from oil palm biomass via subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Yang Y, Brammer JG, Mahmood ASN, Hornung A. Intermediate pyrolysis of biomass energy pellets for producing sustainable liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:794-799. [PMID: 25088312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the use of intermediate pyrolysis system to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels from pelletised wood and barley straw feedstock. Experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale system and all products were collected and analysed. The liquid products were separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase (pyrolysis oil) under gravity. The oil yields were 34.1 wt.% and 12.0 wt.% for wood and barley straw, respectively. Analysis found that both oils were rich in heterocyclic and phenolic compounds and have heating values over 24 MJ/kg. The yields of char for both feedstocks were found to be about 30 wt.%, with heating values similar to that of typical sub-bituminous class coal. Gas yields were calculated to be approximately 20 wt.%. Studies showed that both gases had heating values similar to that of downdraft gasification producer gas. Analysis on product energy yields indicated the process efficiency was about 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - J G Brammer
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A S N Mahmood
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A Hornung
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg, 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
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20
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Naik DV, Kumar V, Prasad B, Behera B, Atheya N, Adhikari DK, Nigam KDP, Garg MO. Catalytic Cracking of C2–C3 Carbonyls with Vacuum Gas Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501331b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desavath V. Naik
- Bio-fuels
Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun−248005, India
| | - Vimal Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee−247667, India
| | - Basheshwar Prasad
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee−247667, India
| | - Babita Behera
- Bio-fuels
Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun−248005, India
| | - Neeraj Atheya
- Bio-fuels
Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun−248005, India
| | - Dilip K. Adhikari
- Bio-fuels
Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun−248005, India
| | - K. D. P. Nigam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi−110016, India
| | - Madhukar O. Garg
- Bio-fuels
Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun−248005, India
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Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil is an important technology to utilize lignocellulosic biomass, because the liquid bio-oil is regarded as a promising candidate of petroleum fuels. However, bio-oil is a low-grade liquid fuel, and required to be upgraded before it can be directly utilized in existing thermal devices. Catalytic cracking is an effective way to upgrade bio-oil, which can be performed either on the liquid bio-oil or the pyrolysis vapors. Various catalysts have been prepared and used for catalytic cracking, and they exhibited different catalytic capabilities. This paper will review the recent progress of the catalytic cracking of liquid bio-oil or pyrolysis vapors.
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Xu X, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhai Y, Zhang R. Two-step catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of fast pyrolysis oil to hydrocarbon liquid fuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:652-660. [PMID: 23876507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-step catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fast pyrolysis oil was investigated for translating pyrolysis oil to transportation grade hydrocarbon liquid fuels. At the first mild HDO step, various organic solvents were employed to promote HDO of bio-oil to overcome coke formation using noble catalyst (Ru/C) under mild conditions (300 °C, 10 MPa). At the second deep HDO step, conventional hydrogenation setup and catalyst (NiMo/Al2O3) were used under severe conditions (400 °C, 13 MPa) for obtaining hydrocarbon fuel. Results show that the phenomenon of coke formation is effectively eliminated, and the properties of products have been significantly improved, such as oxygen content decreases from 48 to 0.5 wt% and high heating value increases from 17 to 46 MJ kg(-1). GC-MS analysis indicates that the final products include C11-C27 aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. In short, the fast pyrolysis oils were successfully translated to hydrocarbon liquid fuels using a two-step catalytic HDO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Xu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Research Academy of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Abstract
Coaled carbon-based solid acid (Coal-SO3H) was prepared by sulfonating ultra-low ash Taixi coal and characterized by XPS, IR and PXRD. It was used as a new, efficient and recyclable catalyst for fructose dehydration to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Reaction time, temperature and catalyst amounts were investigated respectively. The results showed that 81.6 % yield of 5-HMF achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 140 °C after 140min using the Coal-SO3H as catalyst. The ash, carbonization temperature and sulfonated way which could influence the catalyst performance for preparing 5-HMF had been investgated.
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Graça I, Lopes JM, Cerqueira HS, Ribeiro MF. Bio-oils Upgrading for Second Generation Biofuels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301714x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Qu Y, Huang C, Zhang J, Chen B. Efficient dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a recyclable sulfonated organic heteropolyacid salt. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 106:170-172. [PMID: 22201545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) with room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is a way of producing liquid fuels from renewable resources, but separation of products and IL is energy intensive. In this work, a heteropolyacid salt of an IL-forming cation functionalized with a propanesulfonate group, 1-(3-sulfonicacid)propyl-3-methyl imidazolium phosphotungstate ([MIMPS](3)PW(12)O(40)), was used as a catalyst-rather than as a solvent-in the conversion of fructose to 5-HMF. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was 99.1% at 120°C after 2h using sec-butanol as solvent, and the catalyst was separated from the reaction mixture by a simple process at the end of the reaction and reused six times without loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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26
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Yu W, Tang Y, Mo L, Chen P, Lou H, Zheng X. One-step hydrogenation-esterification of furfural and acetic acid over bifunctional Pd catalysts for bio-oil upgrading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8241-8246. [PMID: 21708459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This contribution focuses on one-step hydrogenation-esterification (OHE) of furfural and acetic acid, which are difficult to treat and typically present in crude bio-oil, as a model reaction for bio-oil upgrading. A bifunctional catalyst is needed for OHE reaction. Among tested bifunctional catalysts, the 5%Pd/Al(2)(SiO(3))(3) shows the best catalytic performance. Compared to the physical mixture of 5%Pd/C+Al(2)(SiO(3))(3), there is a synergistic effect between metal sites and acid sites over 5%Pd/Al(2)(SiO(3))(3) for the OHE reaction. A moderate reaction condition would be required to obtain high yields of alcohol and ester along with lower byproduct yields. In this work, the optimum selectivity to desired products (alcohol and ester) of 66.4% is obtained, where the conversion of furfural is 56.9%. Other components, typically present in bio-oils, have little effects on the OHE of FAL and HAc. This OHE method is a promising route for efficient upgrading of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Yu
- Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028 Zhejiang, PR China
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Li W, Pan C, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Peng J, Chen P, Lou H, Zheng X. Upgrading of low-boiling fraction of bio-oil in supercritical methanol and reaction network. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4884-4889. [PMID: 21316956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the low-boiling fraction (LBF) of bio-oil was used as feed stock. LBF is a very complex mixture, and the three groups in LBF: acids, aldehydes and phenols, are primarily responsible for deterioration in the quality. The upgrading reactions were carried out over Pt/Al(2)(SiO(3))(3), Pt/C or Pt/MgO in supercritical methanol. It is demonstrated that supercritical condition can greatly facilitate the esterification process, and after 6 h reaction, all the acids can be converted into esters even without adding any catalyst. The total amount of the three groups left in products was much less exhibited on Pt supported on active carbon and MgO in the presence of hydrogen. By investigating the model reactions, the relations between the representative compounds and major products were identified, and the conversion scheme of the upgrading reactions is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, PR China
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Zhang H, Xiao R, Wang D, He G, Shao S, Zhang J, Zhong Z. Biomass fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor under N2, CO2, CO, CH4 and H2 atmospheres. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4258-4264. [PMID: 21232946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomass fast pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies for biomass utilization. In order to increase its economic potential, pyrolysis gas is usually recycled to serve as carrier gas. In this study, biomass fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor using various main pyrolysis gas components, namely N(2), CO(2), CO, CH(4) and H(2), as carrier gases. The atmosphere effects on product yields and oil fraction compositions were investigated. Results show that CO atmosphere gave the lowest liquid yield (49.6%) compared to highest 58.7% obtained with CH(4). CO and H(2) atmospheres converted more oxygen into CO(2) and H(2)O, respectively. GC/MS analysis of the liquid products shows that CO and CO(2) atmospheres produced less methoxy-containing compounds and more monofunctional phenols. The higher heating value of the obtained bio-oil under N(2) atmosphere is only 17.8 MJ/kg, while that under CO and H(2) atmospheres increased to 23.7 and 24.4 MJ/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao ZK. Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose catalyzed by hydroxyapatite supported chromium chloride. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3970-3972. [PMID: 21185172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose was studied in ionic liquids in the presence of hydroxyapatite supported chromium chloride (Cr-HAP) using oil-bath heating and microwave irradiation (MI). Compared with oil-bath heating, the MI way obviously increased HMF yield and reduced the reaction time from days to several minutes. A maximum HMF yield of 40% was obtained from the dehydration of glucose under MI in 2.5 min. This method is potential as an energy-efficient and cost-effective approach for the conversion of biomass into platform chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Dalian 116023, PR China.
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