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Luo X, Sun L, Shou Q, Liang X, Liu H. Electrodialysis Deacidification of Acid Hydrolysate in Hemicellulose Saccharification Process: Membrane Fouling Identification and Mechanisms. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:256. [PMID: 36984643 PMCID: PMC10053187 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid saccharification of hemicelluloses offers promising pathways to sustainably diversify the revenue of the lignocellulose biorefinery industry. Electrodialysis to separate inorganic acids from acid hydrolysate in the hemicellulose saccharification process could realize the recovery of sulfuric acid, and significantly reduced the chemical consumption than the traditional ion exchange resins method. In this work, the deacidification of corncob acid hydrolysate was conducted by a homemade electrodialysis apparatus. The results showed that: (1) more than 99% of acid can be removed through the electrodialysis process; (2) A non-negligible membrane fouling occurred during the electrodialysis process, which aggravated with the repeated batch running The final global system resistance rose from 15.8 Ω (1st batch) to 43.9 Ω (10th batch), and the treatment ending time was delayed from 120 min (1st batch) to 162 min (10th batch); (4) About 90% of protein, 70% of ferulate acid, and 80% of p-coumarate acid precipitated from the corncob acid hydrolysate during the electrodialysis process. The zeta potential of corncob acid hydrolysate changed from a positive value to a negative value, and an isoelectric point around pH 2.3 was reached. HSQC, FTTR, and GPC, along with SEM and EDS analysis, revealed that the fouling layers mostly consisted of hydrolysates of protein and lignin. The result of HSQC indicated that the membrane foulant may exist in the form of lignin-carbohydrate complexes, as the lignin component of the membrane foulant is in the form of p-coumarate and ferulate. From the result of FTIR, a strong chemical bonding, such as a covalent linkage, existed between the lignin and protein in the membrane foulant. Throughout the electrodialysis process, the increased pH decreased the stability of colloidal particles, including lignin and proteins. Destabilized colloidal particles started to self-aggregate and form deposits on the anion exchange membrane's surface. Over time, these deposits covered the entire membrane surface and the spaces between the membranes. Eventually, they attached to the surface of the cation exchange membrane. In the end, a suggestion to control and minimize membrane fouling in this process was discussed: lower pH as a process endpoint and a post-treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinghui Shou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang S, Chen J, Jia Q, Jiang Q, Yan J, Yang G. A Novel and Effective Recyclable BiOCl/BiOBr Photocatalysis for Lignin Removal from Pre-Hydrolysis Liquor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2836. [PMID: 34835600 PMCID: PMC8618783 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of lignin hampers the utilization of hemicelluloses in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. In this paper, a novel process for removing lignin from PHL was proposed by effectively recycling catalysts of BiOCl/BiOBr. During the whole process, BiOCl and BiOBr were not only adsorbents for removing lignin, but also photocatalysts for degrading lignin. The results showed that BiOCl and BiOBr treatments caused 36.3% and 33.9% lignin removal, respectively, at the optimized conditions, and the losses of hemicellulose-derived saccharides (HDS) were both 0.1%. The catalysts could be regenerated by simple photocatalytic treatment and obtain considerable CO and CO2. After 15 h of illumination, 49.9 μmol CO and 553.0 μmol CO2 were produced by BiOCl, and 38.7 μmol CO and 484.3 μmol CO2 were produced by BiOBr. Therefore, both BiOCl and BiOBr exhibit excellent adsorption and photocatalytic properties for lignin removal from pre-hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking/Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Education Ministry of China, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; (S.Z.); (Q.J.); (J.Y.)
| | | | - Qimeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking/Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Education Ministry of China, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; (S.Z.); (Q.J.); (J.Y.)
| | | | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking/Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Education Ministry of China, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; (S.Z.); (Q.J.); (J.Y.)
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Zhou H, Tan L, Fu Y, Zhang H, Liu N, Qin M, Wang Z. Rapid Nondestructive Fractionation of Biomass (≤15 min) by using Flow-Through Recyclable Formic Acid toward Whole Valorization of Carbohydrate and Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1213-1221. [PMID: 30673166 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole valorization of carbohydrate and lignin from biomass was achieved by rapid flow-through fractionation (RFF) within 15 min. Wheat straw was effectively deconstructed into its principle components without degradation by using easily recyclable aqueous formic acid (72 wt %) at 130 °C. The obtained cellulose-rich solid showed a nearly complete glucan recovery and 73.8 % glucose conversion after enzymatic hydrolysis. Xylan also reached full recovery with negligible furfural formation with a sum of 80 % of oligo/mono xylose in spent liquor and 20 % of xylan remaining in the solid. Up to 75.4 % lignin was dissolved in the spent liquor and further fractionated into water-insoluble (WIL) and water-soluble lignin (WSL) by dilution with water. WIL showed a non-condensed and well-preserved structure with 84.5 % β-O-4 remaining, which is believed to be beneficial for catalytic conversion into low-molecular-weight chemicals and fuels. The concentration of employed formic acid was below the formic acid/water azeotrope, and therefore the reaction medium could be restored through simple distillation. Together with the joint valorization of lignin and carbohydrates, the presented RFF is a promising process for sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Liping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Taian, 271021, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
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Tian G, Fu Y, Zhuang J, Wang Z, Li Q. Separation of saccharides from prehydrolysis liquor of lignocellulose to upgrade dissolving pulp mill into biorefinery platform. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:122-125. [PMID: 28242203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a competitive process consisting of polyelectrolyte flocculation, active carbon absorption, and ion exchange was developed for hemicelluloses-derived saccharides (HDSs) purification from prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of lignocellulose. Results showed that colloidal lignin counted for 20% of non-saccharide compounds (NSCs) and could be eliminated by flocculation at 500mg/L polyaluminium chloride and 50mg/L anionic polyacrylamide. Active carbon was very effective for decoloration of flocculation-treated PHL, but showed limited absorption selectivity toward NSCs. Lignin, the dominant component of NSCs, is characterized with phenolic hydrogen groups. Phenolic lignin could be easily captured by anion exchange resin with 80% removal. The proposed process showed great industrial potential because of the high value saccharides, but also low molecular phenolic lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Tian
- College of Papermaking Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Papermaking Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Wang X, Zhuang J, Fu Y, Tian G, Wang Z, Qin M. Separation of hemicellulose-derived saccharides from wood hydrolysate by lime and ion exchange resin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:225-230. [PMID: 26859331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combined process of lime treatment and mixed bed ion exchange was proposed to separate hemicellulose-derived saccharides (HDS) from prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of lignocellulose as value added products. The optimization of lime treatment achieved up to 44.2% removal of non-saccharide organic compounds (NSOC), mainly colloidal substances, with negligible HDS degradation at 0.5% lime level and subsequent neutralization by phosphoric acid. The residual NSOC and calcium ions in lime-treated PHL were eliminated by mixed bed ion exchange. The breakthrough curves of HDS and NSOC showed selective retention toward NSOC, leading to 75% HDS recovery with 95% purity at 17 bed volumes of exchange capacity. In addition, macroporous resin showed higher exchange capacity than gel resin as indicated by the triple processing volume. The remarkable selectivity of the combined process suggested the feasibility for HDS separation from PHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
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