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Li X, Dong A, Yang J, Zhu J, Zhan Y, Ma X, Cai D, Chen S. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus licheniformis DW2 for ectoine production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2025; 41:23. [PMID: 39743645 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Ectoine is a high-value protective agent with extensive applications in the fields of fine chemicals and biopharmaceuticals, and it is naturally synthesized by Halomonas in extreme environment, however, the current production level cannot meet the growing market demand. In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly ectoine production process using Bacillus licheniformis as the host organism. Through introducing ectoine synthetase gene cluster ectABC from Halomonas elongate, as well as optimizing ectABCHs expression by promoter and 5'-UTR optimization, ectoine titer was increased to 0.55 g/L. Furthermore, subsequent introduction of exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase PPCEC and down-regulated expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK optimized the carbon flux through C4 anaplerotic pathway, and further benefited ectoine synthesis. Furthermore, the carbon flux towards aspartic acid accumulation was increased through optimization of glyoxylate and TCA cycles, accompanied with introducing lysCT311ICg and asdCg, and blocking by-products pathways, ectoine titer produced by B. licheniformis ECT12 was 2.00 g/L. Moreover, NADPH supply was enhanced by overexpression of exogenous NADH kinase Pos5Sc, and ectoine transportation was improved by introducing compatible solute transporter ProP from Escherichia coli, and the resulting B. licheniformis ECT14 was able to produce 2.60 g/L ectoine. Last but not the least, the ectoine yield of 3.29 g/L was attained in a 5-L fermenter. Taken together, this study not only established B. licheniformis as a framework for sustainable production of ectoine, but also paved the way for achieving the industrial production of ectoine and aspartic acid derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Aoying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Junru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China.
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Xiao F, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li S, Chen W, Shi G, Li Y. Advancing Bacillus licheniformis as a Superior Expression Platform through Promoter Engineering. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1693. [PMID: 39203534 PMCID: PMC11356801 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is recognised as an exceptional expression platform in biomanufacturing due to its ability to produce high-value products. Consequently, metabolic engineering of B. licheniformis is increasingly pursued to enhance its utility as a biomanufacturing vehicle. Effective B. licheniformis cell factories require promoters that enable regulated expression of target genes. This review discusses recent advancements in the characterisation, synthesis, and engineering of B. licheniformis promoters. We highlight the application of constitutive promoters, quorum sensing promoters, and inducible promoters in protein and chemical synthesis. Additionally, we summarise efforts to expand the promoter toolbox through hybrid promoter engineering, transcription factor-based inducible promoter engineering, and ribosome binding site (RBS) engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li C, Zhang C, Ran F, Yao T, Lan X, Li H, Bai J, Lei Y, Zhou Z, Cui X. Effects of microbial deodorizer on pig feces fermentation and the underlying deodorizing mechanism. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:174-186. [PMID: 38056366 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial deodorization is a novel strategy for reducing odor in livestock and poultry feces. Herein, 12 strains of ammonia (NH3) and 15 hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removing bacteria were obtained with a removal efficiency of 65.20-79.80% and 34.90-79.70%, respectively. A novel bacteria deodorant named MIX (Bacillus zhangzhouensis, Bacillus altitudinis, and Acinetobacter pittii at a ratio of 1:1:2) were obtained. MIX can shorten the temperature rising stage by 2 days and prolong the thermophilic stage by 4 days. The ability of MIX to remove NH3, H2S, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the underlying removal mechanism were analyzed during pig feces fermentation. MIX can significantly reduce the concentrations of NH3 and H2S by 41.82% and 66.35% and increase the concentrations of NO3--N and SO42- by 7.80% and 8.83% (P < 0.05), respectively, on the 25th day. Moreover, the concentrations of acetic, propionate, iso-valerate, and valerate were significantly reduced. The dominant bacteria communities at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes. B. zhangzhouensis and B. altitudinis could convert NH4+-N to NO3--N, and A. pittii could transfer H2S to SO42-. This study revealed that bacteria deodorant can reduce the concentrations of NH3, H2S, and VFAs in pig feces and increase those of NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- and has excellent potential in deodorizing livestock and poultry feces composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China; College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Fu Ran
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China; College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaojun Lan
- Agricultural College, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Lei
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoning Cui
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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Herrmann LW, Letti LAJ, Penha RDO, Soccol VT, Rodrigues C, Soccol CR. Bacillus genus industrial applications and innovation: First steps towards a circular bioeconomy. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108300. [PMID: 38101553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental concerns have directed several policies, investments, and production processes. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly strategies is constantly increasing to reduce petrochemical product utilization, fossil fuel pollution, waste generation, and other major ecological impacts. The concepts of circular economy, bioeconomy, and biorefinery are increasingly being applied to solve or reduce those problems, directing us towards a greener future. Within the biotechnology field, the Bacillus genus of bacteria presents extremely versatile microorganisms capable of producing a great variety of products with little to no dependency on petrochemicals. They are able to grow in different agro-industrial wastes and extreme conditions, resulting in healthy and environmentally friendly products, such as foods, feeds, probiotics, plant growth promoters, biocides, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. The objective of this review was to compile the variety of products that can be produced with Bacillus cells, using the concepts of biorefinery and circular economy as the scope to search for greener alternatives to each production method and providing market and bioeconomy ideas of global production. Although the genus is extensively used in industry, little information is available on its large-scale production, and there is little current data regarding bioeconomy and circular economy parameters for the bacteria. Therefore, as this work gathers several products' economic, production, and environmentally friendly use information, it can be addressed as one of the first steps towards those sustainable strategies. Additionally, an extensive patent search was conducted, focusing on products that contain or are produced by the Bacillus genus, providing an indication of global technology development and direction of the bacteria products. The Bacillus global market represented at least $18 billion in 2020, taking into account only the products addressed in this article, and at least 650 patent documents submitted per year since 2017, indicating this market's extreme importance. The data we provide in this article can be used as a base for further studies in bioeconomy and circular economy and show the genus is a promising candidate for a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Wedderhoff Herrmann
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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Li X, Zhang M, Lu Y, Wu N, Chen J, Ji Z, Zhan Y, Ma X, Chen J, Cai D, Chen S. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for efficient production of α-glucosidase inhibitor1-deoxynojirimycin. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:378-385. [PMID: 37692204 PMCID: PMC10485785 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the feature of strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) has broad application prospects in areas of functional food, biomedicine, etc., and this research wants to construct an efficient strain for 1-DNJ production, basing on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HZ-12. Firstly, using the temperature-sensitive shuttle plasmid T2 (2)-Ori, gene ptsG in phosphotransferase system (PTS) was weakened by homologous recombination, and non-PTS pathway was strengthened by deleting its repressor gene iolR, and 1-DNJ yield of resultant strain HZ-S2 was increased by 4.27-fold, reached 110.72 mg/L. Then, to increase precursor fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) supply, phosphofructokinase was weaken, fructose phosphatase GlpX and 6-phosphate glucose isomerase Pgi were strengthened by promoter replacement, moreover, regulator gene nanR was deleted, 1-DNJ yield was further increased to 267.37 mg/L by 2.41-fold. Subsequently, promoter of 1-DNJ synthetase cluster was optimized, as well as 5'-UTRs of downstream genes in synthetase cluster, and 1-DNJ produced by the final strain reached 478.62 mg/L. Last but not the least, 1-DNJ yield of 1632.50 mg/L was attained in 3 L fermenter, which was the highest yield of 1-DNJ reported to date. Taken together, our results demonstrated that metabolic engineering was an effective strategy for 1-DNJ synthesis, this research laid a foundation for industrialization of functional food and drugs based on 1-DNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ningyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian'gang Chen
- Wuhan Jun'an Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhixia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Zhu J, Wang S, Wang C, Wang Z, Luo G, Li J, Zhan Y, Cai D, Chen S. Microbial synthesis of bacitracin: Recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:314-322. [PMID: 37122958 PMCID: PMC10130698 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are important sources of various natural products that have been commercialized for human medicine and animal healthcare. Bacitracin is an important antibacterial natural product predominantly produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, and it is characterized by a broad antimicrobial spectrum, strong activity and low resistance, thus bacitracin is extensively applied in animal feed and veterinary medicine industries. In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to improve bacitracin production. Herein, we systematically describe the regulation of bacitracin biosynthesis in genus Bacillus and its associated mechanism, to provide a theoretical basis for bacitracin overproduction. The metabolic engineering strategies applied for bacitracin production are explored, including improving substrate utilization, using an enlarged precursor amino acid pool, increasing ATP supply and NADPH generation, and engineering transcription regulators. We also present several approaches of fermentation process optimization to facilitate the industrial large-scale production of bacitracin. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with microbial bacitracin synthesis are discussed to facilitate the establishment of high-yield and low-cost biological factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gan Luo
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
- Corresponding author. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, PR China.
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Mao S, Zhu J, Zhan Y, Cai D, Ma X, Wang D, Chen S. Enhancing the activity of disulfide-bond-containing proteins via promoting disulfide bond formation in Bacillus licheniformis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123468. [PMID: 36731702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds in proteins have strongly influence on the folding efficiency by constraining the conformational space. The inefficient disulfide bond formation of proteins is the main limiting factor of enzyme activity and stability. This study aimed to increase the activity of disulfide-bond-containing proteins via promoting disulfide bonds formation in Bacillus licheniformis. Initially, the glutamate decarboxylase GAD from Escherichia coli was selected as the model protein and introduced into the B. licheniformis. Then, the disulfide isomerase and oxidoreductase from different sources were excavated and overexpressed successively to improve the catalytic efficiency of GAD. The final engineered B. licheniformis showed significantly improved GAD specific activity (from 10.4 U/mg to 80.0 U/mg), which also presented perfect adaptability for other disulfide-bond-containing proteins, for instance, UDP-glucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together, our work demonstrated that the activity of GAD in B. licheniformis was regulated by the disulfide bonds formation status and provided a promising platform for the expression of disulfide-bond-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Shufen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Zhan Y, Xu H, Tan HT, Ho YS, Yang D, Chen S, Ow DSW, Lv X, Wei F, Bi X, Chen S. Systematic Adaptation of Bacillus licheniformis to 2-Phenylethanol Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0156822. [PMID: 36752618 PMCID: PMC9972911 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01568-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a bulk flavor and fragrance with a rose-like aroma that can be produced by microbial cell factories, but its cellular toxicity inhibits cellular growth and limits strain performance. Specifically, the microbe Bacillus licheniformis has shown a strong tolerance to 2-PE. Understanding these tolerance mechanisms is crucial for achieving the hyperproduction of 2-PE. In this report, the mechanisms of B. licheniformis DW2 resistance to 2-PE were studied by multi-omics technology coupled with physiological and molecular biological approaches. 2-PE induced reactive oxygen species formation and affected nucleic acid, ribosome, and cell wall synthesis. To manage 2-PE stress, the antioxidant and global stress response systems were activated; the repair system of proteins and homeostasis of the ion and osmotic were initiated. Furthermore, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and NADPH synthesis pathways were upregulated; correspondingly, scanning electron microscopy revealed that cell morphology was changed. These results provide deeper insights into the adaptive mechanisms of B. licheniformis to 2-PE and highlight the potential targets for genetic manipulation to enhance 2-PE resistance. IMPORTANCE The ability to tolerate organic solvents is essential for bacteria producing these chemicals with high titer, yield, and productivity. As exemplified by 2-PE, bioproduction of 2-PE represents a promising alternative to chemical synthesis and plant extraction approaches, but its toxicity hinders successful large-scale microbial production. Here, a multi-omics approach is employed to systematically study the mechanisms of B. licheniformis DW2 resistance to 2-PE. As a 2-PE-tolerant strain, B. licheniformis displays multifactorial mechanisms of 2-PE tolerance, including activating global stress response and repair systems, increasing NADPH supply, changing cell morphology and membrane composition, and remodeling metabolic pathways. The current work yields novel insights into the mechanisms of B. licheniformis resistance to 2-PE. This knowledge can also be used as a clue for improving bacterial performances to achieve industrial-scale production of 2-PE and potentially applied to the production of other relevant organic solvents, such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hween Tong Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Miyake R, Ling H, Foo JL, Fugono N, Chang MW. Transporter-Driven Engineering of a Genetic Biosensor for the Detection and Production of Short-Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:838732. [PMID: 35372305 PMCID: PMC8975619 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.838732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors can be used for real-time monitoring of metabolites and high-throughput screening of producer strains. Use of biosensors has facilitated strain engineering to efficiently produce value-added compounds. Following our recent work on the production of short branched-chain fatty acids (SBCFAs) in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, here we harnessed a weak organic acid transporter Pdr12p, engineered a whole-cell biosensor to detect exogenous and intracellular SBCFAs and optimized the biosensor’s performance by varying PDR12 expression. We firstly constructed the biosensor and evaluated its response to a range of short-chain carboxylic acids. Next, we optimized its sensitivity and operational range by deletion and overexpression of PDR12. We found that the biosensor responded to exogenous SBCFAs including isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid and 2-methylbutanoic acid. PDR12 deletion enhanced the biosensor’s sensitivity to isovaleric acid at a low concentration and PDR12 overexpression shifted the operational range towards a higher concentration. Lastly, the deletion of PDR12 improved the biosensor’s sensitivity to the SBCFAs produced in our previously engineered SBCFA-overproducing strain. To our knowledge, our work represents the first study on employing an ATP-binding-cassette transporter to engineer a transcription-factor-based genetic biosensor for sensing SBCFAs in S. cerevisiae. Our findings provide useful insights into SBCFA detection by a genetic biosensor that will facilitate the screening of SBCFA-overproducing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Miyake
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hua Ling
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jee Loon Foo
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nobutake Fugono
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Matthew Wook Chang,
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10
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Functional Characterization of Transporters for L-Aspartate in Bacillus licheniformis. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid efflux and influx transport systems play vital roles in industrial microorganisms’ cell growth and metabolism. However, although biochemically characterized, most of them remain unknown at the molecular level in Bacillus licheniformis. In this study, three proteins, namely, YdgF, YvbW, and YveA, were predicted to be involved in the active transport of L-aspartate (L-Asp). This was verified by manipulating their encoding genes. When growing in the minimal medium with L-Asp as the only carbon and nitrogen source, the growth of strains lacking proteins YdgF, YvbW, and YveA was significantly inhibited compared with the wild-type strains, while supplementing the expression of the corresponding proteins in the single-gene knockout strains could alleviate the inhibition. Upon overexpression, the recombinant proteins mediated the accumulation of L-aspartate to varying degrees. Compared with the wild-type strains, the single knockout strains of the three protein genes exhibited reduced absorption of L-aspartate. In addition, this study focused on the effects of these three proteins on the absorption of β-alanine, L-glutamate, D-serine, D-alanine, and glycine.
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11
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A novel strategy of feeding nitrate for cost-effective production of poly-γ-glutamic acid from crude glycerol by Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Zhu J, Li L, Wu F, Wu Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Li J, Cai D, Chen S. Metabolic Engineering of Aspartic Acid Supply Modules for Enhanced Production of Bacitracin in Bacillus licheniformis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2243-2251. [PMID: 34324815 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacitracin, a type of cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic mainly produced by Bacillus, is widely used in fields of veterinary drug and feed additive. Modularization of metabolic pathways based on the concept of synthetic biology has been widely used in the efficient synthesis of target products. Here, we want to improve bacitracin production through strengthening aspartic acid (Asp) supply in B. licheniformis DW2. First, exogenous Asp addition assays implied that strengthening Asp supply benefited bacitracin production. Second, Asp synthetic pathways were strengthened via overexpressing aspartate dehydrogenase AspD and asparaginase AnsB, attaining recombinant strain DW2-ASP2, and bacitracin yield produced by DW2-ASP2 was 862.81 U/mL, increased by 14.05% compared with that of DW2 (756.49 U/mL). Then, to improve precursor oxaloacetate (OAA) accumulation for Asp synthesis, pyruvate carboxylase PycA and carbonic anhydrase EcaA were co-overexpressed in DW2-ASP2, and malic enzyme gene malS was deleted to weak overflow metabolism of tricarboxylic acid, and the attained strain DW2-ASP7 showed further increased bacitracin production from 862.81 to 989.23 U/mL. Subsequently, transporter YveA was identified as an Asp exporter, and bacitracin yield was increased to 1025.26 U/mL via deleting yveA, attaining strain DW2-ASP9. Finally, Asp ammonia-lyase gene aspA was disrupted to weaken Asp degradation, and bacitracin yield of attained strain DW2-ASP10 reached 1059.86 U/mL, increased by 40.10% compared to DW2. Taken together, this research demonstrated that metabolic engineering of Asp metabolic modules is an efficient strategy for enhancing bacitracin production, and these strategies could also be applied in the production of other peptide-related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of food and biological engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
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13
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Rao Y, Li P, Xie X, Li J, Liao Y, Ma X, Cai D, Chen S. Construction and Characterization of a Gradient Strength Promoter Library for Fine-Tuned Gene Expression in Bacillus licheniformis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2331-2339. [PMID: 34449215 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis DW2 is an important industrial strain for bacitracin production, and it is also used for biochemical production, however, the lack of effective toolkit for precise regulation of gene expression hindered its application seriously. Here, a gradient strength promoter library was constructed based on bacitracin synthetase gene cluster promoter PbacA. First, different PbacA promoter variants were constructed via coupling PbacA with various 5'-UTRs, and expression ranges of 32.6-741.8% were attained among these promoters. Then, three promoters, PUbay (strong), PbacA (middle), and PUndh (weakest), were applied for red fluorescent protein (RFP) and keratinase expression assays, and these promoters were proven to have good universality for different proteins. Second, the promoter of bacitracin synthetase gene cluster was replaced by these three promoters, and bacitraicn titer was enhanced by 14.62% when PUbay was applied, which was decreased by 98.05% under the mediation of PUndh compared with that of the original strain DW2. Third, promoters PUbay, PUyvgO, and PUndh were selected to regulate the expression levels of critical genes that are responsible for pucheriminic acid synthesis, and pucheriminic acid yield was increased by 194.1% via manipulating synthetic and competitive pathways. Finally, promoters PUbay, PbacA, and PUndh were applied for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and RFP expression in Escherichia coli, and consistent effects were attained based on our results. Taken together, a gradient strength promoter library was constructed in this research, which provided an effective toolkit for fine-tuning gene expression and reprogramming metabolite metabolic flux in B. licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, People's Republic of China
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14
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Xiao F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Ding Z, Gu Z, Xu S, Shi G. A new CcpA binding site plays a bidirectional role in carbon catabolism in Bacillus licheniformis. iScience 2021; 24:102400. [PMID: 33997685 PMCID: PMC8091064 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is widely used to produce various valuable products, such as food enzymes, industrial chemicals, and biocides. The carbon catabolite regulation process in the utilization of raw materials is crucial to maximizing the efficiency of this microbial cell factory. The current understanding of the molecular mechanism of this regulation is based on limited motif patterns in protein-DNA recognition, where the typical catabolite-responsive element (CRE) motif is "TGWNANCGNTNWCA". Here, CRETre is identified and characterized as a new CRE. It consists of two palindrome arms of 6 nucleotides (AGCTTT/AAAGCT) and an intermediate spacer. CRETre is involved in bidirectional regulation in a glucose stress environment. When AGCTTT appears in the 5' end, the regulatory element exhibits a carbon catabolite activation effect, while AAAGCT in the 5' end corresponds to carbon catabolite repression. Further investigation indicated a wide occurrence of CRETre in the genome of B. licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hanrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Kalia VC, Singh Patel SK, Shanmugam R, Lee JK. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Trends and advances toward biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124737. [PMID: 33515915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are an integral part of most of the daily requirements. Indiscriminate usage and disposal have led to the accumulation of massive quantities of waste. Their non-biodegradable nature makes it increasingly difficult to manage and dispose them. To counter this impending disaster, biodegradable polymers, especially polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs), have been envisaged as potential alternatives. Owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics, PHAs are gaining importance for versatile applications in the agricultural and medical sectors. Applications in the medical sector are more promising because of their commercial viability and sustainability. Despite such potential, their production and commercialization are significant challenges. The major limitations are their poor mechanical strength, production in small quantities, costly feed, and lack of facilities for industrial production. This article provides an overview of the contemporary progress in the field, to attract researchers and stakeholders to further exploit these renewable resources to produce biodegradable plastics on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Li J, Rong L, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang C, Xiao D, Foo JL, Yu A. Next-generation metabolic engineering of non-conventional microbial cell factories for carboxylic acid platform chemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Huang J, Huang A, Lu L, Jiang W, Zhang D, Wu Q, Li P, Zhong X. Improving the yield of Anoectochilus roxburghii by Bacillus licheniformis cultured in Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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18
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Efficient synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine by engineered Bacillus licheniformis using molasses as carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7507-7520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Wang D, Wang H, Zhan Y, Xu Y, Deng J, Chen J, Cai D, Wang Q, Sheng F, Chen S. Engineering Expression Cassette of pgdS for Efficient Production of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acids With Specific Molecular Weights in Bacillus licheniformis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:728. [PMID: 32754581 PMCID: PMC7381323 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an emerging biopolymer with various applications and γ-PGAs with different molecular weights exhibit distinctive properties. However, studies on the controllable molecular weights of biopolymers are limited. The purpose of this study is to achieve production of γ-PGAs with a wide range of molecular weights through manipulating the expression of γ-PGA depolymerase (PgdS) in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. Firstly, the expression and secretion of PgdS were regulated through engineering its expression elements (four promoters and eight signal peptides), which generated γ-PGAs with molecular weights ranging from 6.82 × 104 to 1.78 × 106 Da. Subsequently, through combination of promoters with signal peptides, the production of γ-PGAs with a specific molecular weight could be efficiently obtained. Interestingly, the γ-PGA yield increased with the reduced molecular weight in flask cultures (Pearson correlation coefficient of −0.968, P < 0.01). Finally, in batch fermentation, the highest yield of γ-PGA with a weight-average molecular weight of 7.80 × 104 Da reached 39.13 g/L under glutamate-free medium. Collectively, we developed an efficient strategy for one-step production of γ-PGAs with specific molecular weights, which have potential application for industrial production of desirable γ-PGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Systematic engineering of branch chain amino acid supply modules for the enhanced production of bacitracin from Bacillus licheniformis. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 11:e00136. [PMID: 32637317 PMCID: PMC7326738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacitracin is a broad-spectrum cyclic peptide antibiotic mainly produced by Bacillus, precursor amino acid supply served as the critical role during its synthesis. In this study, we systematically engineered branch-chain amino acid (BCAA) supply modules for bacitracin production. Firstly, we demonstrated that Ile and Leu acted as limiting precursors for bacitracin synthesis, and that BCAA synthetic pathways were strengthened via simultaneous overexpression of, feedback-resistance acetolactate synthase IlvBNfbr, 2-isopropylmalate synthetase LeuAfbr and BCAA aminotransferase YbgE. Using this approach, bacitracin yield from strain DW-BCAA2 was 892.54 U/mL, an increase of 18.32% compared with that DW2 (754.32 U/mL). Secondly, the BCAA permeases, YvbW and BraB, which have higher affinities for Leu and Ile transportation, respectively, were both identified as BCAA importers, with their overexpression improving intracellular BCAA accumulations and bacitracin yields. Finally, the leucine-responsive family regulator, lrpC was deleted to generate the final strain DW-BCAA6, with intracellular concentrations of Ile, Leu and Val increased by 2.26-, 1.90- and 0.72-fold, respectively. The bacitracin yield from DW-BCAA6 was 1029.83 U/mL, an increase of 36.52%, and is the highest bacitracin yield reported. Equally, concentrations of other byproducts including acetic acid, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were all reduced. Taken together, we devised an efficient strategy for the enhanced production of bacitracin, and a promising B. licheniformis DW-BCAA6 strain was constructed for industrial production of bacitracin. Enhancing intracellular BCAA accumulations benefited bacitracin synthesis. YvbW and BraB were both identified as BCAA importers in B. licheniformis. Deleting lrp increased brnQ transcription and intracellular BCAA concentrations. Bacitracin yield produced by DW-BCAA6 was the highest currently reported.
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21
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Multistep Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus licheniformis To Improve Pulcherriminic Acid Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.03041-19. [PMID: 32111589 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03041-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclodipeptide pulcherriminic acid, produced by Bacillus licheniformis, is derived from cyclo(l-Leu-l-Leu) and possesses excellent antibacterial activities. In this study, we achieved the high-level production of pulcherriminic acid via multistep metabolic engineering of B. licheniformis DWc9n*. First, we increased leucine (Leu) supply by overexpressing the ilvBHC-leuABCD operon and ilvD, involved in Leu biosynthesis, to obtain strain W1, and the engineered strain W2 was further attained by the deletion of gene bkdAB, encoding a branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in W1. As a result, the intracellular Leu content and pulcherriminic acid yield of W2 reached 147.4 mg/g DCW (dry cell weight) and 189.9 mg/liter, which were 227.6% and 48.9% higher than those of DWc9n*, respectively. Second, strain W3 was constructed through overexpressing the leucyl-tRNA synthase gene leuS in W2, and it produced 367.7 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid. Third, the original promoter of the pulcherriminic acid synthetase cluster yvmC-cypX in W3 was replaced with a proven strong promoter, PbacA, to produce the strain W4, and its pulcherriminic acid yield was increased to 507.4 mg/liter. Finally, pulcherriminic acid secretion was strengthened via overexpressing the transporter gene yvmA in W4, resulting in the W4/pHY-yvmA strain, which yielded 556.1 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid, increased by 337.8% compared to DWc9n*, which is currently the highest pulcherriminic acid yield to the best of our knowledge. Taken together, we provided an efficient strategy for enhancing pulcherriminic acid production, which could apply to the high-level production of other cyclodipeptides.IMPORTANCE Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclodipeptide derived from cyclo(l-Leu-l-Leu), which shares the same iron chelation group with hydroxamate sidephores. Generally, pulcherriminic acid-producing strains could be the perfect candidates for antibacterial and anti-plant-pathogenic fungal agents. In this study, we obtained the promising W4/pHY-yvmA pulcherriminic acid-producing strain via a multistep metabolic modification. The engineered W4/pHY-yvmA strain is able to achieve 556.1 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid production, which is the highest yield so far to the best of our knowledge.
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Cai D, Zhang B, Zhu J, Xu H, Liu P, Wang Z, Li J, Yang Z, Ma X, Chen S. Enhanced Bacitracin Production by Systematically Engineering S-Adenosylmethionine Supply Modules in Bacillus licheniformis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:305. [PMID: 32318565 PMCID: PMC7155746 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacitracin is a broad-spectrum veterinary antibiotic that widely used in the fields of veterinary drug and feed additive. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical factor involved in many biochemical reactions, especially antibiotic production. However, whether SAM affects bacitracin synthesis is still unknown. Here, we want to analyze the relationship between SAM supply and bacitracin synthesis, and then metabolic engineering of SAM synthetic pathway for bacitracin production in Bacillus licheniformis. Firstly, our results implied that SAM exogenous addition benefited bacitracin production, which yield was increased by 12.13% under the condition of 40 mg/L SAM addition. Then, SAM synthetases and Methionine (Met) synthetases from B. licheniformis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened and overexpressed to improve SAM accumulation, and the combination of SAM synthetase from S. cerevisiae and Met synthetase from B. licheniformis showed the best performance, and 70.12% increase of intracellular SAM concentration (31.54 mg/L) and 13.08% increase of bacitraicn yield (839.54 U/mL) were achieved in resultant strain DW2-KE. Furthermore, Met transporters MetN and MetP were, respectively, identified as Met exporter and importer, and bacitracin yield was further increased by 5.94% to 889.42 U/mL via deleting metN and overexpressing metP in DW2-KE, attaining strain DW2-KENP. Finally, SAM nucleosidase gene mtnN and SAM decarboxylase gene speD were deleted to block SAM degradation pathways, and bacitracin yield of resultant strain DW2-KENPND reached 957.53 U/mL, increased by 28.97% compared to DW2. Collectively, this study demonstrated that SAM supply served as the critical role in bacitracin synthesis, and a promising strain B. licheniformis DW2-KENPND was attained for industrial production of bacitracin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Nanping, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Xu Y, Cai D, Zhang H, Gao L, Yang Y, Gao J, Li Y, Yang C, Ji Z, Yu J, Chen S. Enhanced production of iturin A in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by genetic engineering and medium optimization. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang X, Xiaohan W, Chen Y, Jin W, Jin Q, Wang X. Enrichment of branched chain fatty acids from lanolin via urea complexation for infant formula use. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu F, Cai D, Li L, Li Y, Yang H, Li J, Ma X, Chen S. Modular metabolic engineering of lysine supply for enhanced production of bacitracin in Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8799-8812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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