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Yao L, Zhang Z, Chen G, Sun Z, Chen X, Yang H. Enhancing biomass enzymatic hydrolysis performance by modified DES lignin. J Biotechnol 2025; 403:115-125. [PMID: 40252735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose continues to be encumbered by elevated production costs and diminished cellulase efficiency. In this work, modified DES recovered lignin was obtained by grafting acrylamide and acryloyl chloride to enhance glucose release. At a cellulase dosage of 5 FPU/g-cellulose and pH of 5.5, modified lignin promoted glucose yield of dilute-acid-pretreated wheat straw by 158 % compared with control. The mechanism by which modified lignin promotes enzymatic hydrolysis was further explored. The binding constant was reduced from (3.3510 ± 0.8361)* 104 to (2.7600 ± 0.6027)* 103 L•mol-1 after modification. Modified lignin could make α-helix content enhancement so that cellulase had a compact and stable spatial structure. Lignin binds within the catalytic tunnel of cellulase and that the modified lignin interacts with cellulase with increased hydrogen bonding, resulting in a more compact cellulase structure. The modified lignin might reduce the unproductive adsorption of cellulase, and increase stability and cellulose accessibility to reduce cellulase cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Life science and Health engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Life science and Health engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Life science and Health engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Life science and Health engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Life science and Health engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China.
| | - Haitao Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA.
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Vardhan H, Sasamal S, Mohanty K. Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis from Areca Nut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Crystallization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7298-7321. [PMID: 36995656 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are extensively used by researchers to produce a variety of renewable bioproducts. This research described an environment-friendly technique of xylitol production by an adapted strain of Candida tropicalis from areca nut hemicellulosic hydrolysate, produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. To enhance the activity of xylanase enzymes, lime and acid pretreatment was conducted to make biomass more amenable for saccharification. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, saccharification parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied. Results exposed that the highest yield (g/g) of reducing sugar, about 90%, 83%, and 15%, were achieved for acid-treated husk (ATH), lime-treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IU/g. Hydrolysis was conducted at a substrate loading of 2% (w/V) at 30 °C, 100 rpm agitation, for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. Subsequently, fermentation of xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolysate was conducted with pentose utilizing the yeast Candida tropicalis to produce xylitol. The optimum concentration of xylitol was obtained at about 2.47 g/L, 3.83 g/L, and 5.88 g/L, with yields of approximately 71.02%, 76.78%, and 79.68% for raw fermentative hydrolysate (RFH), acid-treated fermentative hydrolysate (ATFH), and lime-treated fermentative gydrolysate (LTFH), respectively. Purification and crystallization were also conducted to separate xylitol crystals, followed by characterization like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results obtained from crystallization were auspicious, and about 85% pure xylitol crystal was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Soumya Sasamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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Jia H, Feng X, Huang J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Li X, Zhao J. Recombinant Family 1 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules Derived From Fungal Cellulase Enhance Enzymatic Degradation of Lignocellulose as Novel Effective Accessory Protein. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876466. [PMID: 35898911 PMCID: PMC9309510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal cellulases usually contain a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1), and its role was considered to recognize the substrate specifically. This study testified that the CBM1s derived from cellobiohydrolase I of Trichoderma reesei, Penicillium oxalicum, and Penicillium funiculosum could be used as an effective accessory protein in cellulase cocktails to enhance the saccharification of lignocellulose, and its enhancement effect was significantly superior to some reported accessory proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The promoting effects of the CBM1s were related to not only the CBM1 sources and protein dosages, but also the substrate characteristics and solid consistency during enzymatic hydrolysis. The adsorption capacity of the CBM1s, the adsorption kinetic of TrCBM from T. reesei and cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase from P. oxalicum, and the effect of adding TrCBM on enzyme activities of free cellulases in the hydrolysis system were investigated, and the binding conformations and affinities of CBM1s to cellulose and lignin were predicted by molecular docking. It was speculated that the higher affinity of the CBM1s to lignin than cellulases could potentially enable the CBM1s to displace cellulase adsorbed on lignin or to preferentially adsorb onto lignin to avoid ineffective adsorption of cellulase onto lignin, which enhanced cellulase system efficiency during enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daolei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuezhi Li,
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Jian Zhao,
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Paul M, Mohapatra S, Kumar Das Mohapatra P, Thatoi H. Microbial cellulases - An update towards its surface chemistry, genetic engineering and recovery for its biotechnological potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125710. [PMID: 34365301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inherent resistance of lignocellulosic biomass makes it impervious for industrially important enzymes such as cellulases to hydrolyze cellulose. Further, the competitive absorption behavior of lignin and hemicellulose for cellulases, due to their electron-rich surfaces augments the inappropriate utilization of these enzymes. Hence, modification of the surface charge of the cellulases to reduce its non-specific binding to lignin and enhance its affinity for cellulose is an urgent necessity. Further, maintaining the stability of cellulases by the preservation of their secondary structures using immobilization techniques will also play an integral role in its industrial production. In silico approaches for increasing the catalytic activity of cellulase enzymes is also significant along with a range of substrate specificity. In addition, enhanced productivity of cellulases by tailoring the related genes through the process of genetic engineering and higher cellulase recovery after saccharification seems to be promising areas for efficient and large-scale enzyme production concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sonali Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India; PAKB Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
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Jia H, Sun W, Li X, Zhao J. Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) from Trichoderma reesei enhances the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:136. [PMID: 34281536 PMCID: PMC8287770 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is currently the main strain for the commercial production of cellulase. Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) is one of the most abundant proteins in extracellular proteins of T. reesei. Reported literatures about Cip1 mainly focused on the regulation of Cip1 and its possible enzyme activities, but the effect of Cip1 on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and possible mechanism have not still been reported. Results In this study, Cip1 from T. reesei was cloned, expressed and purified, and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of several different pretreated lignocellulose were investigated. It was found that Cip1 could promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promoting effect was significantly better than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA). And especially for the lignocellulosic substrate with high lignin content such as liquid hot water pretreated corn stover and corncob residue, the promoting effect of Cip1 was even better than that of the commercial cellulase when adding equal amount protein. It was also showed that the metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ influenced the promoting effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The Cip1 protein had no lyase activity, but it could destroy the crystal structure of cellulose and reduce the non-productive adsorption of cellulase on lignin, which partly interpreted the promoting effect of Cip1 on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Conclusion The Cip1 from T. reesei could significantly promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promotion of Cip1 was even higher than that of commercial cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates with high lignin content. This study will help us to better optimize cellulase to improve its ability to degrade lignocellulose, thereby reducing the cost of enzymes required for enzymatic hydrolysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01625-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wan Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
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Feng J, Tong L, Ma C, Xu Y, Jiang J, Yang Z, Pan H. Directional and integrated conversion of whole components in biomass for levulinates and phenolics with biphasic system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123776. [PMID: 32683287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated conversion and stepwise extraction of whole components in biomass with biphasic system are introduced for producing chemicals: levulinates and phenolics. When methanol/dimethoxymethane as biphasic solvent, 46.51% methyl levulinate and 18.78% phenolics were obtained with a conversion of 80.59 wt% per 4 g rice straw under the mild reaction conditions. Levulinates were collected with a 87.5 wt% high purity of methyl levulinate with stepwise precipitation and extraction from the cellulose and hemicellulose. The results of acid value, freezing point, induction period, kinematic viscosity, and flash point supposed that the extracted methyl levulinate could meet the requirements of fuel additives. Depolymerized lignin was consisted of many low-molecular phenolics. These results illustrated that the biphasic system can promote the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to the same product methyl levulinate through different intermediate transition compounds, and the catalyst can contribute to directly cleave the glycosidic bonds, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 with adequate protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Le Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Changyue Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Zhongzhi Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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