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Li T, Jin X, Shen X, Liu H, Tong R, Qiu X, Xu J. Study on the Relationship between the Structure and Pyrolysis Characteristics of Lignin Isolated from Eucalyptus, Pine, and Rice Straw through the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2023; 29:219. [PMID: 38202802 PMCID: PMC10780212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pyrolysis product distributions of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-isolated lignins (DESLs) from different types of biomass is of great significance for lignin valorization. The structure and pyrolysis properties of DESLs obtained from eucalyptus (E-DESL), pine (P-DESL), and rice straw (R-DESL) were studied through the use of various methods such as elemental analysis, GPC, HS-GC, and NMR techniques, and the pyrolysis characteristics and product distributions of the DESLs were also further investigated through the use of TGA, Py-GC/MS, and tubular furnace pyrolysis. DESLs with high purity (88.5-92.7%) can be efficiently separated from biomass while cellulose is retained. E-DESL has a relatively low molecular weight, and P-DESL has a relatively higher hydrogen-carbon effective ratio and a lower number of condensation structures. The Py-GC/MS results show that, during DESL pyrolysis, the monomeric aromatic hydrocarbons, p-hydroxyphenyl-type phenols, and catechol-type phenols are gradually released when the guaiacyl-type phenols and syringyl-type phenols decrease with the rising temperature. 4-methylguaiacol and 4-methylcatechol, derived from the guaiacyl-type structural units, are positively correlated with temperature, which causes a significant increase in products with a side-chain carbon number of 1 from P-DESL pyrolysis. 4-vinylphenol, as a representative product of the R-DESL, derived from p-hydroxyphenyl-type structural units, also gradually increased. In addition, the P-DESL produces more bio-oil during pyrolysis, while gases have the highest distribution in E-DESL pyrolysis. It is of great significance to study the characteristic product distribution of lignin isolated through the use of DES for lignin directional conversion into specific high-value aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruiping Tong
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (T.L.); (X.J.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (X.Q.)
| | | | - Junfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (T.L.); (X.J.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (X.Q.)
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2
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Ramzan H, Usman M, Nadeem F, Shahzaib M, Ur Rahman M, Singhania RR, Jabeen F, Patel AK, Qing C, Liu S, Piechota G, Tahir N. Depolymerization of lignin: Recent progress towards value-added chemicals and biohydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129492. [PMID: 37463615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The need for alternative sources of energy became increasingly urgent as demand for energy and the use of fossil fuels both soared. When processed into aromatic compounds, lignin can be utilized as an alternative to fossil fuels, however, lignin's complex structure and recalcitrance make depolymerization impractical. This article presented an overview of the most recent advances in lignin conversion, including process technology, catalyst advancement, and case study-based end products. In addition to the three established methods (thermochemical, biochemical, and catalytic depolymerization), a lignin-first strategy was presented. Depolymerizing different forms of lignin into smaller phenolic molecules has been suggested using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation or reduction. Limitations and future prospects of lignin depolymerization have been discussed which suggests that solar-driven catalytic depolymerization through photocatalysts including quantum dots offers a unique pathway to obtain the highly catalytic conversion of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Ramzan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Faiqa Nadeem
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzaib
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Muneeb Ur Rahman
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Farzana Jabeen
- Department of Computing, SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Campus, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chunyao Qing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengyong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Nadeem Tahir
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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3
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Cheng XC, Wei YN, Yuan LL, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD. Structural characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes from Chinese quince fruits extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125664. [PMID: 37406919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese quince fruit (CQF) contains abundant pectin; however, the pectin cannot be efficiently separated by conventional approaches because of strong lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). In this study, to elucidate the structural characteristics of the original LCC formed by lignin and pectin in CQF, single and multiple enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatments were innovatively performed, and the resulting LCC preparations were comprehensively characterized using a series of techniques. The enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatments significantly increase the LCC yield, releasing LCC fractions with low molecular weights (Mw = 4660-8288 Da). LCC-4, isolated by pretreatment with cellulase plus xylanase, had the highest galacturonic acid content (15.5 %), followed by LCC-2 (isolated by xylanase pretreatment) of 14.0 %. In CQF, lignin develops lignin-carbohydrate (LC) bonds with pectin to form LCC, with phenyl-glycoside bond being the dominant linkage. Although the pectinase pretreatment reduced the pectin content, signals of the LC linkages in the 2D-HSQC spectra were enhanced. LCC-4 could be considered as the most representative of the original LCC in CQF due to its high pectin content and multiple LCC signals in the 2D-HSQC spectrum. The structural understanding of the original LCC in CQF will lay a foundation for designing appropriate methods for extracting pectin from CQF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chuang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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4
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Liang X, Huang Z, Zhang J, Guo Y. Ionic liquid recovery and recycling via electrodialysis in biomass processing: An economical assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129332. [PMID: 37328015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extravagant price and lack of high-efficiency recovery technology limited scale-up utilization of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids recovery with electrodialysis-based techniques has caught wide concern due to membrane-based characteristic. Economical assessment for electrodialysis-based ionic liquid recovery and recycling in biomass processing was performed by determining influence of equipment-related and financial-related factors with sensitivity analysis for each factor. Overall recovery cost of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, choline acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate varied within 0.75-1.96 $/Kg, 0.99-3.00 $/Kg, 1.37-2.74 $/Kg and 1.15-2.89 $/Kg when factors changed within investigated range. Fold of membrane cost, factor of membrane stack cost, factor of auxiliary equipment cost, factor of annual maintenance cost and annual interest rate of loan were positively related with recovery cost. While percentage of annual elapsed time and loan period were negatively correlated with recovery cost. Economical assessment confirmed economic efficiency of electrodialysis for ionic liquids recovery and recycling in biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Zhekun Huang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yongkang Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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5
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Zhang M, Tian R, Tang S, Wu K, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Lu H, Liang B. The structure and properties of lignin isolated from various lignocellulosic biomass by different treatment processes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125219. [PMID: 37285885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The structure and properties of lignin can vary depending on the type of lignocellulosic biomass it comes from and the separation techniques used, and also affects its suitability for different applications. In this work, the structure and properties of lignin isolated from moso bamboo, wheat straw, and poplar wood by different treatment processes were compared. Results show that deep eutectic solvent (DES) extracted lignin exhibits well-preserved structures (including β-O-4, β-β, and β-5 linkages), a low molecular weight (Mn = 2300-3200 g/mol), and relatively homogeneous lignin fragments (1.93 < PDI < 2.33) compared to dealkaline lignin (DL) and milled wood lignin (MWL). Besides, lignin samples extracted by DES have a regular nanostructure, higher carbon residue content (>40 %), and excellent antioxidant properties (the free radical scavenging index >20). Among the three types of biomass, the structural destruction of lignin in straw is the most obvious, which is due to the degradation of β-O-4 and β-β linkages during DES treatment. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the structural changes that occur in various treatment processes from different lignocellulosic biomass, and help maximize the targeted development of their applications based on the characteristics of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Rubo Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Siyang Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kejing Wu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Binshen Wang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Yingming Zhu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Houfang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
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6
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Li F, Lv W, Huang D, Zeng C, Wang R. Physicochemical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Pyrolysis Behavior of Antioxidative Lignin from Water Chestnut Shell Obtained with Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104088. [PMID: 37241829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular weight of lignin extracted from lignocellulosic biomass is an important factor in determining its valorization in industrial processes. Herein, this work aims to explore the extraction of high molecular weight and bioactive lignin from water chestnut shells under mild conditions. Five kinds of deep eutectic solvents were prepared and applied to isolate lignin from water chestnut shells. The extracted lignin was further characterized with element analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution of pyrolysis products was identified and quantified with thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The results showed that choline chloride/ethylene glycol/p-toluenesulfonic acid (1:1.8:0.2 molar ratio) exhibited the highest fractionation efficiency for lignin (84.17% yield) at 100 °C for 2 h. Simultaneously, the lignin showed high purity (90.4%), high relative molecular weight (37,077 g/mol), and excellent uniformity. Furthermore, the aromatic ring structure of lignin remained intact, consisting mainly of p-hydroxyphenyl, syringl, and guaiacyl subunits. The lignin generated a large number of volatile organic compounds during the depolymerization process, mainly composed of ketones, phenols, syringols, guaiacols, esters, and aromatic compounds. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the lignin sample was evaluated with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay; the lignin from water chestnut shells showed excellent antioxidant activity. These findings confirm that lignin from water chestnut shells has a broad application prospect in valuable chemicals, biofuels and bio-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources Development Engineering Research Center of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Wenzhi Lv
- Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources Development Engineering Research Center of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Dena Huang
- Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources Development Engineering Research Center of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Chenglu Zeng
- Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources Development Engineering Research Center of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Runping Wang
- Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources Development Engineering Research Center of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
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7
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Zhang M, Tian R, Tang S, Wu K, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Lu H, Liang B. Multistage treatment of bamboo powder waste biomass: Highly efficient and selective isolation of lignin components. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:35-45. [PMID: 37148780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo pulp and papermaking produce a lot of bamboo powder waste, and its resource utilization is of great significance for biomass refining and environmental protection. Here, we propose an integrated approach involving mechanical activation, hydrothermal extraction, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) multiple delignification for the efficient separation of bamboo powder. Among seven carboxylic acids based DESs, choline chloride (ChCl)-lactic acid (La) DES (1:1) is the most effective, with over 78.0% lignin removal and 88.9% cellulose retained after mechanical-hydrothermal (180 °C, 5 h)-DES (110 °C, 12 h) treatment. Notably, 84.7% of delignification is achieved after three times of ChCl-La DES treatment at 70, 90, and 110 °C respectively. The delignification rate is negatively correlated with the amount of carboxyl group in the DESs. The lower the pKa value, the higher the delignification rate. Additionally, the selectivity for lignin is improved with decreasing solvent polarity. DES treatment effectively degrades the guaiacyl unit lignin fractions and disrupts several β-aryl-ether bonds (e.g., β-O-4, β-β, and β-5). Furthermore, DESs exhibit good recyclability, with less than 10% reduction in delignification after three cycles. Theory calculations confirm that ChCl-carboxylic acid DESs could compete with lignin to break hydrogen bonds in lignocellulosic biomass by providing their chloride, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Overall, this study demonstrates the practical significance of multistage treatment for the effective fractionation of biomass into its three components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Rubo Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Siyang Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kejing Wu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Binshen Wang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Yingming Zhu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Houfang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
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8
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Diaz-Baca JA, Salaghi A, Fatehi P. Generation of Sulfonated Lignin-Starch Polymer and Its Use As a Flocculant. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1400-1416. [PMID: 36802502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the polymerization of tall oil lignin (TOL), starch, and 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (MPSA), a sulfonate-containing monomer, in a three-component system to generate flocculants for colloidal systems. By utilizing the advanced 1H, COSY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC NMR techniques, it was confirmed that the phenolic substructures of TOL and the anhydroglucose unit of starch were covalently polymerized by the monomer to generate the three-block copolymer. The molecular weight, radius of gyration, and shape factor of the copolymers were fundamentally correlated to the structure of lignin and starch, as well as the polymerization outcomes. The deposition behavior of the copolymer, studied by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) analysis, revealed that the copolymer with a larger molecular weight (ALS-5) deposited more and generated more compact adlayer than the copolymer with a smaller molecular weight on a solid surface. Owing to its higher charge density, molecular weight, and extended coil-like structure, ALS-5 produced larger flocs with faster sedimentation in the colloidal systems, regardless of the extent of agitation and gravitational force. The results of this work provide a new approach to preparing a lignin-starch polymer, i.e., a sustainable biomacromolecule with excellent flocculation performance in colloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B SE1, Canada
| | - Ayyoub Salaghi
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B SE1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B SE1, Canada
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9
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Zhu G, Ye D, Chen X, Wu Y, Yang Z, Mai Y, Liao B, Chen J. Lignin-derived polyphenols with enhanced antioxidant activities by chemical demethylation and their structure-activity relationship. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124030. [PMID: 36921813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization to biobased polyphenols antioxidants is increasingly attractive in the modern industry due to their inherent phenolic structures. Herein, lignin-derived polyphenols with enhanced antioxidant activities were prepared from the most available technical lignin including organosolv lignin (OL), alkali lignin (AL), and enzyme lignin (EL) by iodocyclohexane (ICH) chemical demethylation. The structural evolution of lignin indicated that the CAr-OCH3 group and the CAr-O-Calkyl side-chain could be effectively transformed into the CAr-OH group, resulting in a significant increase of the phenolic-OH content and a slight decrease of the molecular weight. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity was in the order of ICHOL-24 > ICHAL-24 > ICHEL-24 ≈ FA > BHT, and the IC50 value of ICHOL-24 was 0.56 times lower than that of BHT. The structure-activity relationship demonstrated the activities were quasi-linearly related to phenolic-OH contents and could be affected by molecular weights. The H/G/S proportions of lignin could be an indicator for accurate screening of efficient lignin-derived polyphenols antioxidants (LPA). It was preliminarily estimated to have economic feasibility for producing LPA from technical lignin by demethylation compared with synthetic or natural antioxidants. This work will help to develop efficient biobased antioxidants for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dawei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zongmei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuliang Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bing Liao
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong, PR China.
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10
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Fractionation of lignin from rice straw using an acidified biphasic solvent system. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123249. [PMID: 36639079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, phenoxyethanol (EPH) was employed to construct a biphasic solvent system. The concentration of EPH in this biphasic solvent system was first studied to determine a pretreatment condition for fractionation of lignin. Then, the fractionation of lignin from rice straw was performed under the conditions of temperature 130 °C, cooking time 60 min and sulfuric acid concentration 0.1 M, in 70 % aqueous EPH solvent system. The results showed that 50.97 %, 49.52 % or 82.02 % of the removed lignin with the purity of 89.04 %, 91.30 % or 84.76 % was regenerated from EPH liquor using dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dimethoxymethane (DMM) or diethyl ether (DE) as precipitant, respectively. Additionally, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity index (Đ) of the regenerated lignin decreased to 4247-4809 g/mol and 1.26-1.60 compared with that of the original lignin (5654 g/mol and 4.78). Finally, the compositional and structural characteristics of lignin, e.g., molecular weight and molecular structure, were also investigated by DSC, HSQC and elemental analysis.
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11
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Yang J, Zhang W, Tang Y, Li M, Peng F, Bian J. Mild pretreatment with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvents for fractionating β-O-4 linkage-rich lignin with high sunscreen performance and evaluation of enzymatic saccharification synergism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128258. [PMID: 36347474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mild fractionation method by employing polyol-based Brønsted acidic DESs (BDESs) was proposed to extract lignin with well-preserved β-O-4 substructures and to enhance fermentable sugar yields simultaneously. For ethylene glycol-oxalic acid (EG-OA), more than 53 % of lignin was obtained and superb carbohydrate digestibility (i.e., glucose and xylose yields were reached to 94.6 % and 87.7 %, respectively) was achieved after pretreatment. Remarkably, detailed structural studies revealed that the polyol was incorporated into lignin, which stabilized reactive carbocation intermediates formed during BDESs treatment and prevented undesired recondensation reactions. This lignin protection mechanism was shown to play a key role in enzymatic hydrolysis enhancement and lignin valorization. The resultant β-O-4 linkage-rich lignin fractions were attractive for natural sunscreen applications due to their lighter color and excellent UV-blocking performance. Overall, this work proposed a sustainable and economically practical lignin-first biorefinery approach that is beneficial for achieving comprehensive valorization of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyou Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wanjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiquan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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van Els PPD, Setter C, de Oliveira TJP. Evaluation of Queen Palm residues and kraft lignin in the production of biofuels using densification and slow pyrolysis technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90011-90022. [PMID: 35859241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to enhance the energy use of two products of industry - Queen Palm residue and kraft lignin (KF) - through the combination of two technologies - briquetting and slow pyrolysis. The addition of 20% KF provided briquettes with higher physical, energy, and mechanical properties. The yields of the pyrolysis products were affected by both the pyrolysis temperature and the addition of KF. In the bio-oil, the presence of phenols, methyl phenols, and methoxy phenols was highlighted; these compounds were present in greater quantities in the treatments with KF. It is concluded that combining the briquetting and pyrolysis processes produces both energy and economic benefits because it is possible to transport lighter loads with the same amount of energy per volume. Under the briquetting conditions adopted in this study, the addition of KF as a binder is necessary because this results in briquettes with better physical, energy and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Setter
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
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13
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Pretreatment of Wheat Straw Lignocelluloses by Deep Eutectic Solvent for Lignin Extraction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227955. [PMID: 36432056 PMCID: PMC9697946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the fractionation efficiency of the wheat straw, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) system consisting of chlorine/lactic acid was used in this study for wheat straw pretreatment. The outcomes exhibited that DES pretreatment significantly enhanced the capability to extract lignin, retain cellulose, and remove hemicellulose. The best condition for the pretreatment of wheat straw was 150 °C for 6 h. The process retained most cellulose in the pretreated biomass (49.94-73.60%), and the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreatment residue reached 89.98%. Further characterization of lignin showed that the high yield (81.54%) and the high purity (91.33%) resulted from the ether bond cleavage in lignin and the connection between hemicellulose and lignin. As for application, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the best condition reached 89.98%, and the lignin also had suitable stability. The investigation exhibited that DES pretreatment has the potential to realize an efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into high-applicability cellulose and lignin of high-quality.
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14
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Yiin CL, Odita EB, Mun Lock SS, Cheah KW, Chan YH, Wong MK, Chin BLF, Quitain AT, Loh SK, Yusup S. A review on potential of green solvents in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128075. [PMID: 36220532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in biorefinery is to reduce biomass' recalcitrance and enable valorization of lignin into higher value compounds. Likewise, green solvents and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) with feasible economic viability, functionality, and environmental sustainability have been widely introduced in extraction and conversion of lignin. This review starts with the underscore of disadvantages and limitations of conventional pretreatment approaches and role of green solvents in lignin extraction. Subsequently, the effect of process parameters along with the reaction mechanisms and kinetics on conversion of lignin through HTL were comprehensively reviewed. The limitations of green solvents in extraction and HTL of lignin from biomass were discussed based on the current advancements of the field and future research scopes were also proposed. More details info on HTL of biomass derived lignin which avoid the energy-intensive drying procedures are crucial for the accelerated development and deployment of the advanced lignin biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Elatta Bin Odita
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO(2) Research Center (CO(2)RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, 250 CDT, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, 250 CDT, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Armando T Quitain
- Center for International Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soh Kheang Loh
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Fuel and Combustion Section, Generation Unit, Department of Generation & Environment, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research (TNBR) Sdn Bhd, No. 1, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, Jalan Ayer Hitam, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 36221137 PMCID: PMC9552425 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising alternative to traditional fossil resources for producing biofuels due to its aromaticity and renewability. Pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignin to valuable chemicals, which is beneficial for improving lignin valorization. In this review, pyrolytic behaviors of various lignin were included, as well as the pyrolytic mechanism consisting of initial, primary, and charring stages were also introduced. Several parallel reactions, such as demethoxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation of lignin side chains to form light gases, major lignin structure decomposition to generate phenolic compounds, and polymerization of active lignin intermediates to yield char, can be observed through the whole pyrolysis process. Several parameters, such as pyrolytic temperature, time, lignin type, and functional groups (hydroxyl, methoxy), were also investigated to figure out their effects on lignin pyrolysis. On the other hand, zeolite-driven lignin catalytic pyrolysis and lignin co-pyrolysis with other hydrogen-rich co-feedings were also introduced for improving process efficiency to produce more aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). During the pyrolysis process, phenolic compounds and/or AHs can be produced, showing promising applications in biochemical intermediates and biofuel additives. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives for lignin pyrolysis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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16
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Preparation, characterization of light-colored lignin from corn stover by new ternary deep eutectic solvent extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2512-2522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Application of lithium cationization tandem mass spectrometry for structural analysis of lignin model oligomers with β-β′ and β-O-4′ linkages. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5755-5771. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Chourasia VR, Bisht M, Pant KK, Henry RJ. Unveiling the potential of water as a co-solvent in microwave-assisted delignification of sugarcane bagasse using ternary deep eutectic solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127005. [PMID: 35301085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become popular owing to their biodegradability and recyclability. In this study, the influence of water as a co-solvent is demonstrated to enhance the properties of choline based ternary DESs. A fast and energy-efficient microwave-assisted pre-treatment process was developed for delignification of sugarcane bagasse (SB). The effectiveness of SB fractionation was revealed by incorporating Lewis acids (MgCl2.6H20, NiCl2.6H20) with the DESs for pre-treatment and Choline chloride: Ethylene glycol: NiCl2.6H20 (CC:EG:NI) at a molar ratio 1:2:0.016 with 20w% water as a co-solvent provided the most promising result, with 84% delignification and 99% enzyme digestibility. Water was also employed as an anti-solvent to facilitate lignin solubility and exhibited up to 26w% lignin yield from DES liquor with maximum DES recovery of 95% (w/w). Water distinctly affects the density, viscosity, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the DES and its impact on the process dynamics is worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallari R Chourasia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Meena Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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19
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Provost V, Dumarcay S, Ziegler-Devin I, Boltoeva M, Trébouet D, Villain-Gambier M. Deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of biomass: Influence of hydrogen bond donor and temperature on lignin extraction with high β-O-4 content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126837. [PMID: 35150854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recovering lignin with high β-O-4 content is of prime interest for further high yield depolymerization in low molecular weight phenolic compounds. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with deep eutectic solvents (DES) was studied to extract this type of tailored lignin from softwood and brewer's spent grains. In this work, choline chloride (ChCl) based DES with two different hydrogen bond donors (HBD) (lactic acid (LA) and Glycerol (Gly)), were investigated at mild temperatures (60 and 80 °C). The influence of DES pretreatment on extracted lignin molecular weight and structural characteristics was analysed. The acidity and density of DES were proved to affect lignin extraction yield and its features. The lignin characteristics (type of interunits, accessibility) were shown to impact their ability to be recovered. Acidic-DES ChCl:LA at 80 °C with woody biomass gave promising results with 78% of lignin extracted exclusively composed of G units with 61% of β-O-4 linkages with narrow molecular weights distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Provost
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Dumarcay
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Bld des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - I Ziegler-Devin
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Bld des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - M Boltoeva
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Trébouet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Villain-Gambier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Li T, Yin Y, Wu S, Du X. Effect of deep eutectic solvents-regulated lignin structure on subsequent pyrolysis products selectivity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126120. [PMID: 34695590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemical structure of lignin has an important effect on the lignin pyrolysis product distributions. Therefore, it is of great significance to regulate the selectivity of pyrolysis products by modifying the lignin structure. Herein, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) including choline chloride/ethylene glycol (CE), zinc chloride/ethylene glycol (ZE) and choline chloride/acetic acid, treatment of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) is demonstrated. Systematic characterization indicate that the DESs are not only highly conducive to increasing the hydrogen to carbon efficient ratio, reducing the molecular weight and β-O-4 linkage, but also contributes to the maximum degradation rate and thermal stability of SKL. Noticeably, CE and ZE treatment are significantly improved the amount of H-phenols and C-phenols derived lignin pyrolysis, respectively. In addition, DESs pretreatment are also beneficial to the increment of monomer aromatic hydrocarbons. More importantly, the CE pretreatment contributes to the improvement of bio-oil yield and decrease of char content from lignin pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yihui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Shubin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Xiongjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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21
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Saini R, Kumar S, Sharma A, Kumar V, Sharma R, Janghu S, Suthar P. Deep eutectic solvents: The new generation sustainable and safe extraction systems for bioactive compounds in agri food sector: An update. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Saini
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Career Point University Hamirpur India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Food Science & Technology Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Sandeep Janghu
- Department of Food Product Development Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - Priyanka Suthar
- Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
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22
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Rodrigues JS, Lima V, Araújo LCP, Botaro VR. Lignin Fractionation Methods: Can Lignin Fractions Be Separated in a True Industrial Process? Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lima
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luísa C. P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Botaro
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
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23
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Cheng XC, Cui XY, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD, Liu YL. Effect of drying pretreatment methods on structural features and antioxidant activities of Brauns native lignin extracted from Chinese quince fruit. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Xie J, Chen J, Cheng Z, Zhu S, Xu J. Pretreatment of pine lignocelluloses by recyclable deep eutectic solvent for elevated enzymatic saccharification and lignin nanoparticles extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118321. [PMID: 34294333 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the process intensification strategies for the pretreatment of Radiata Pine with the green deep eutectic solvent (DES) system composed of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride/formic acid (BTMAC/FA). The results showed that DES pretreatment drastically improved the delignification and hemicelluloses-removal capacity. The conducted process acceptably remained most of the cellulose in pretreated biomass (88.3%-91.8%). Benefiting from the overcoming of recalcitrance, the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated residues reached 92.4%. The efficient conversion was mainly ascribed to the lignin and hemicelluloses co-extraction. Meanwhile, the lignin yield and enzymatic saccharification was still largely maintained after five reuses. Further structural characteristics of lignin nanoparticles revealed that the lignin possessed high purity (95.19-97.51%), medium molecular weight (9600 to 6495 g/mol), and low polydispersity (ca 2.0), which was attributed to cleavage of ether bonds in lignin as well as linkages between lignin and hemicelluloses. Overall, this study illustrated that DES pretreatment was promising to achieve an efficient fractionation of woody biomass into fermentable glucose and high-quality lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Shiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China..
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25
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Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Process development for tall oil lignin production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124891. [PMID: 33676355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the production and characterization of tall oil lignin (TOL) from tall oil soap (TOS) of the kraft pulping process following a new process (i.e., LignoTall). Also, the properties of the TOL and kraft lignin (KL) produced via LignoForce technology were compared. Although TOL and KL were generated from the same black liquor and softwood species, they had remarkably different characteristics, confirming the impact of the production methods on the physicochemical properties of the isolated lignin. TOL had higher molecular weight, O/C elemental ratio, sulfur content, and carboxylate-OH content but lower methoxy group content than did KL. The high sulfur group content (7.3%) of TOL can be very useful for the vulcanization process. Moreover, the high carboxylate-OH content of TOL (0.56 mmol/g) is desirable for its utilization in epoxy resin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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26
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Liang X, Wang J, Liu H. Quantitative recovery and regeneration of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate via industrial strategy for sustainable biomass processing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124726. [PMID: 33486410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative recovery is necessary for scale-up application of acidic ionic liquids (AILs). Ultrafiltration and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) was employed for the recovery and regeneration of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (Bmim[HSO4]) after biomass pretreatment. Ultrafiltration was designed for the purification of BMED feed solution. During BMED treatment, Bmim+ retention with OH- generation occurred in mixing section and SO42- immigration with H+ generation occurred in aciding section. Resulting aqueous Bmim[OH] in mixing section and H2SO4 in aciding section could be utilized for quantitative synthesis of Bmim[HSO4]. Influence of BMED operating mode and major parameters including BMED feed concentration and current density of BMED module were studied in detail. The highest recovery ratio for Bmim+ and SO42- reached 96.2% and 96.0%. And the lowest energy consumption of specific Bmim[HSO4] recovery approached 9.0 kw∙h/kg. Insight gained from this study suggested a sustainable biomass processing methodology using AILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Hantao Liu
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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27
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Enzymatic Electroanalytical Biosensor Based on Maramiellus colocasiae Fungus for Detection of Phytomarkers in Infusions and Green Tea Kombucha. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030091. [PMID: 33810105 PMCID: PMC8004623 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an enzymatic voltammetric biosensor for the determination of catechin and gallic acid in green tea and kombucha samples. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methodology was optimized regarding the amount of crude enzyme extract, incubation time in the presence of the substrates, optimal pH, reuse of the biosensor, and storage time. Samples of green tea and kombucha were purchased in local markets in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric techniques were performed for the comparison of the analytical methods employed. In addition, two calibration curves were made, one for catechin with a linear range from 1 to 60 µM (I = −0.152 * (catechin) − 1.846), with a detection limit of 0.12 µM and a quantification limit of 0.38 µM and one for gallic acid with a linear range from 3 to 60 µM (I = −0.0415 * (gallic acid) − 0.0572), with a detection limit of 0.14 µM and a quantification limit of 0.42 µM. The proposed biosensor was efficient in the determination of phenolic compounds in green tea.
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Morya R, Sharma A, Kumar M, Tyagi B, Singh SS, Thakur IS. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis and characterization: A proteogenomic and process optimization study for biovalorization of industrial lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124439. [PMID: 33246798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The strain Burkholderia sp. ISTR5 (R5) was studied for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production on Kraft lignin (KL) and lignosulfonate (LS) as substrates. During the initial screening, the maximum PHA mass fraction in biomass produced on KL and LS was 23% and 18%, respectively, at 96 h. PHA production on KL was further optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). After optimization, a 42.5% increase in PHA production and a 32.2% increase in the total cell biomass was observed. PHA was characterized by GC-MS, TEM, FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence microscopy. It was found to be a small chain length PHA with a copolymer of poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The degradation of PHBV was also studied using this strain; it was observed that R5 completely degraded PHBV in 120 h. Genomic and proteomic analysis of R5 revealed numerous enzymes for the metabolism of lignin degradation and PHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Morya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Bhawna Tyagi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Li T, Yin Y, Wu S, Ma H, Zhang F. Effect of pre-acetylation of hydroxyl functional groups by choline chloride/acetic anhydride on subsequent lignin pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124034. [PMID: 32829115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an emerging and efficient strategy for the preparation of lignin samples with different acetylation degree by choline chloride/acetic anhydride (ChCl/Aa) treatment of pine kraft lignin (PKL) is reported, and the effects of efficient pre-acetylation of hydroxyl functional groups on subsequent lignin pyrolysis are also systematically investigated. The results show that the ChCl/Aa displays a high acetylation efficiency towards the aliphatic hydroxyl (~99.1%) and phenolic hydroxyl (~94.0%) of PKL, which enhances the hydrogen to carbon effective ratio of PKL. Noticeably, the ChCl/Aa has a slight effect on β-O-4 of PKL, and the acetylation of hydroxyl is beneficial for the improvement of the maximum degradation rate of PKL. In addition, the acetylation of hydroxyl is also significantly contributed to the increment of the pyrolysis bio-oil yield. Importantly, the relative content of the H-phenols obtained from acetylated lignins pyrolysis shows a positive correlation with the acetylation degree of hydroxyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yihui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Shubin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd, Dongying, Shandong 257000, PR China
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Liang X, Wang J, Bao H, Liu H. Accurately-controlled recovery and regeneration of protic ionic liquid after Ionosolv pretreatment via bipolar membrane electrodialysis with ultrafiltration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124255. [PMID: 33096443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient recovery and regeneration of ionic liquid is significant for industrial Ionosolv pretreatment. Complicated electrolyte composition restricts the scale-up recovery and application of protic ionic liquid such as triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [TEA][HSO4] in biomass-related research. Recovery of [TEA][HSO4] after Ionosolv pretreatment for miscanthus powder was studied using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) assisted with ultrafiltration (UF) by the divisional recovery of TEA+ as TEA and recovery of SO42- as H2SO4 in different BMED compartments. Hence accurately-controlled regeneration of [TEA][HSO4] could be realized. Influence of current density and feed concentration of BMED module was studied in detail. In this study, the highest recovery ratio for TEA+ and SO42- reached 93.7% and 96.4%. The lowest energy consumption of specific [TEA][HSO4] recovery was about 6.2 kwh/kg. Insight gained from this study suggests a potentially industrial methodology for complicated protic ionic liquid recovery after biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Haizhen Bao
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Hantao Liu
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Liu Z, Hou Y, Hu S, Li Y. Possible dissolution mechanism of alkali lignin in lactic acid-choline chloride under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40649-40657. [PMID: 35519228 PMCID: PMC9057700 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07808e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, several representative deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were designed to evaluate the solubility for alkali lignin (AL). It was found that DESs with lactic acid (LA) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) had good solubility for AL, in which lactic acid(LA) : choline chloride(ChCl) 10 : 1 showed excellent solubility with more than 17 wt% under a relatively mild condition of 60 °C. The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR and 1H and HSQC NMR spectroscopies revealed an important possible dissolution mechanism of AL in LA-ChCl, that is, AL could be depolymerized under the action of LA when dissolved in LA-ChCl. Then, a new connection would form between the phenolic groups on the lignin fragments and ChCl, which is similar to that between ChCl and LA in DES, leading to an increase in the molecule weight of lignin. The new connections could be easily broken under the action of heat (150 °C) or microwave to the redispersion of lignin fragments. The results would provide a theoretic base for the high-value application of lignin in bioresources. In this study, several representative deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were designed to evaluate the solubility for alkali lignin (AL).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Youming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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