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Okopi SI, Wang J, Liang W, Kong W, Hu Y, Cui J, Guo X, Zhao W, Che L, Gu Z, Xu F. Experimental study and techno-economic analysis of co-processing system for treatment of food waste with various impurities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130020. [PMID: 37979882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed a co-processing system segregating food waste (FW) with different impurities into liquid (slurry) and solid fractions and treated using anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis (Py), respectively, which is defined as ADCo-Py. Biomethane potential tests showed higher methane yield from the FW slurry fraction (572.88 mL/gVSFW) compared to the whole FW (294.37 mL/gVSFW). Pyrolyzing the FW solid fraction reduced nitrogen compounds in bio-oil by 62 % compared to the whole FW. The energy balance and economic feasibility of ADCo-Py were compared with stand-alone AD, Py, and AD integrated with incineration (ADCo-INC). While all systems required extra energy, stand-alone Py and ADCo-INC needed 3.8 and 2.8 times more energy than ADCo-Py, respectively. Techno-economic analysis favored ADCo-Py, with a net present value (NPV) of $15 million and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 34 %. These findings highlighted FW separation as a promising approach, aligning with energy and economic goals in sustainable FW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Inalegwu Okopi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Wen Liang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Wenzhuo Kong
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jiahao Cui
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xinyang Guo
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Lei Che
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; College of Engineering, Huzhou Normal University, No. 759, East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China; Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Zhaolin Gu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Fuqing Xu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
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Xie T, Zhao L, Yao Z, Kang K, Jia J, Hu T, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huo L. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyethylene: Insights into characteristics, kinetic and evolution paths of the reaction process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165443. [PMID: 37442473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the distribution and mechanism of co-pyrolysis products is vital to the directional control and high-value utilization of agriculture solid wastes. Co-pyrolysis, devolatilization, kinetics characteristics, and evolution paths of corn stalk (CS) and low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated via thermogravimetric experiments. The co-pyrolysis behaviors could be separated into two stages: firstly, the degradation of CS (150- 400 °C); secondly, the degradation of CS (400- 550 °C). The devolatilization index (DI) increased with the addition of LDPE. Furthermore, a combination of devolatilization chemical analysis with product analysis to analyze the intrinsic mechanism during co-pyrolysis. The results indicated that the yield of alkanes and olefin in gas products increased with the addition of LDPE. Additionally, LDPE pyrolysis maybe abstract hydrogen from CS pyrolysis and evolved into hydrogen, methane, and ethylene. Further, the co-pyrolysis kinetic parameters were computed by using model-free isoconversion methods, which showed promotion of CS pyrolysis and the reduced activation energy. All the activation energy were declined, which indicated a "bidirectional positive effect" during co-pyrolysis. The mean activation energy of P-cellulose (P-CE), P-hemicellulose (P-HM), P-lignin (P-LG), and LDPE decreased by 23.49 %, 12.89 %, 15.36 %, and 27.82 %, respectively. This study further proves the hydrogen donor transfer pathway in the co-pyrolysis process of CS and LDPE, providing theoretical support for the resource utilization of agricultural solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jixiu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Seeley ME, Lynch JM. Previous successes and untapped potential of pyrolysis-GC/MS for the analysis of plastic pollution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04671-1. [PMID: 37036484 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern from scientists, policy makers, and the public about the contamination of natural and indoor environments with plastics, particularly micro/nanoplastics. Typically, characterizing microplastics in environmental samples requires extensive sample processing to isolate particles, followed by spectroscopic methodologies to identify particle polymer composition. Spectroscopic techniques are limited in their ability to provide polymer mass or advanced chemical composition (e.g., chemical additive content), which are important for toxicological assessments. To achieve mass fraction quantification and chemical characterization of plastics in environmental samples, many researchers have turned to thermoanalytical spectrometric approaches, particularly pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Sample preparation for Py-GC/MS may be approached similarly to techniques needed for spectroscopic approaches (e.g., isolate particles on a filter), employ pressurized solvent extraction, or use ultrafiltration techniques to concentrate nanoplastics. Great strides have been made in using calibration curves to quantify plastics in complex matrices. However, the approaches to the pyrolysis thermal program, as well as calibrant and sample preparation, are inconsistent, requiring refinement and harmonization. This review provides a critical synthesis of previous Py-GC/MS work and highlights opportunities for novel and improved Py-GC/MS analysis of plastics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Evans Seeley
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimanalo, HI, 96795, USA.
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawaii Pacific University, Waimanalo, HI, 96795, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimanalo, HI, 96795, USA
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawaii Pacific University, Waimanalo, HI, 96795, USA
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Prasertpong P, Onsree T, Khuenkaeo N, Tippayawong N, Lauterbach J. Exposing and understanding synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste via machine learning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128419. [PMID: 36462765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During co-pyrolysis of biomass with plastic waste, bio-oil yields (BOY) could be either induced or reduced significantly via synergistic effects (SE). However, investigating/ interpreting the SE and BOY in multidimensional domains is complicated and limited. This work applied XGBoost machine-learning and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to develop interpretable/ explainable models for predicting BOY and SE from co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste using 26 input features. Imbalanced training datasets were improved by synthetic minority over-sampling technique. The prediction accuracy of XGBoost models was nearly 0.90 R2 for BOY while greater than 0.85 R2 for SE. By SHAP, individual impact and interaction of input features on the XGBoost models can be achieved. Although reaction temperature and biomass-to-plastic ratio were the top two important features, overall contributions of feedstock characteristics were more than 60 % in the system of co-pyrolysis. The finding provides a better understanding of co-pyrolysis and a way of further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Prasertpong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12120, Thailand
| | - Thossaporn Onsree
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nattawut Khuenkaeo
- Graduate Program in Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Tippayawong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Jochen Lauterbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Awasthi A, Sahoo A, Rehman S, Pant KK, Murugavelh S, Huang Q, Anthony E, Fennel P, Bhattacharya S, Leu SY. Biomass pyrolysis: A review on recent advancements and green hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128087. [PMID: 36216287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pyrolysis has recently gained increasing attention as a thermochemical conversion process for obtaining value-added products, thanks to the development of cutting-edge, innovative and cost-effective pyrolysis processes. Over time, new and novel pyrolysis techniques have emerged, and these processes can be tuned to maximize the production of high-quality hydrogen. This review examines recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis by classifying them into conventional, advanced and emerging approaches. A comprehensive overview on the recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis, highlighting the current status for industrial applications is presented. Further, the impact of each technique under different approaches on conversion of biomass for hydrogen production is evaluated. Techniques, such as inline catalytic pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis, etc., can be employed for the sustainable production of hydrogen. Finally, the techno-economic analysis is presented to understand the viability of pyrolysis at large scale. The outlook highlights discernments into future directions, aimed to overcome the current shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abhishek Awasthi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Murugavelh
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Edward Anthony
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Paul Fennel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Suriapparao DV, Sridevi V, Ramesh P, Sankar Rao C, Tukarambai M, Kamireddi D, Gautam R, Dharaskar SA, Pritam K. Synthesis of sustainable chemicals from waste tea powder and Polystyrene via Microwave-Assisted in-situ catalytic Co-Pyrolysis: Analysis of pyrolysis using experimental and modeling approaches. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127813. [PMID: 36031137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, catalytic co-pyrolysis was performed on waste tea powder (WTP) and polystyrene (PS) wastes to convert them into value-added products using KOH catalyst. The feed mixture influenced the heating rates (17-75 °C/min) and product formation. PS promoted the formation of oil and WTP enhanced the char formation. The maximum oil yield (80 wt%) was obtained at 15 g:5 g, and the maximum char yield (44 wt%) was achieved at 5 g:25 g (PS:WTP). The pyrolysis index (PI) increased with the increase in feedstock quantity. High PI was noticed at 25 g:5 g, and low PI was at 5 g:5 g (PS:WTP). Low energy consumption and low pyrolysis time enhanced the PI value. Significant interactions were noticed during co-pyrolysis. The obtained bio-oil was analyzed using GC-MS and a plausible reaction mechanism is presented. Catalyst and co-pyrolysis synergy promoted the formation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by reducing the oxygenated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Veluru Sridevi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Potnuri Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Chinta Sankar Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - M Tukarambai
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dinesh Kamireddi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swapnil A Dharaskar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Kocherlakota Pritam
- Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
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Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3699076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the impacts of co-pyrolyzing wood-based biomass from Ficus benghalensis with PET on liquid oil output, reactivity, and heating values were investigated. The effects of temperature on the product distribution of individual pyrolysis and the biomass-plastic ratio on co-pyrolysis were investigated. For individual pyrolysis, a maximum amount of 40.8 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from biomass at 450°C. On the other hand, a maximum of 59.5 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from PET at 500°C. The co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted by blending PET with biomass at different percentages, such as 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. At 60% addition of PET, a more positive synergistic effect was identified due to radical secondary reactions. In addition, the physical and chemical characterization studies conducted on pyrolysis oil showed that biomass and plastic materials could be used to make valuable chemicals.
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