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Zhu Z, Liu W, Hu J, Zhao K, Niu B, Wang S, Li C, Kouzani AZ, Han B. Mechanistic insights into oxychar' s role in mitigating ammonia volatilization from fertilised alkaline soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 979:179502. [PMID: 40286611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Mitigating ammonia (NH3) volatilization from fertilised alkaline soils is crucial for promoting environmental sustainability and safeguarding public health. In this study, "oxychar" was prepared from an agricultural waste via a low-temperature partial-oxidation (LTPO) process under oxygen-sufficient environment. The optimum modification temperature was 220 °C for a duration of 3 h, yielding a maximum NH3 uptake of 76.4 mg/g by oxychar. The enhanced adsorption capacity and stability are attributed to the increased surface oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) that act as adsorption sites, as well as the presence of ultra-micropores that facilitate effective trapping. When applying optimised oxychar to 21-day incubation studies, it is found that cumulative NH3 volatilization is reduced by 76.3 %-91.6 % with oxychar application rates of 1 %-3 %, compared to urea treatments. Soil property and microbial community analyses further indicate that oxychar promotes the hydrolysis of urea and the reduction of nitrate to ammonium by dissimilation (DNRA) processes while inhibiting nitrification by modulating microbial communities, resulting in higher ammonium and lower nitrate levels in soil compared to urea treatment. However, the enriched ammonium cannot volatilize freely due to the chemisorption of ammonium and NH3 by oxychar via ionic and covalent bonds, respectively. Introducing oxychar to soil could be a promising approach to mitigate NH3 volatilization from fertilised soil to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kexin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Bo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Green and Efficient Vegetable Industry, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China.
| | - Shutao Wang
- College of Land Resources, Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Chaoyu Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Bing Han
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Sá MS, Martins T, Melo JA, Carregosa JDC, Wisniewski A. Assessment of co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate with waste cooking oil: Kinetic study and impact on the chemical constituents of the liquid product. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2025; 193:237-249. [PMID: 39673824 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
Post-consumer waste management systems have proven insufficient to meet the growing global demand. In this context, adopting alternative pathways that complement established practices, such as chemical recycling, becomes essential. Accordingly, this study evaluated the potential of the co-pyrolysis process to manage polyethylene terephthalate (PET) residues and waste cooking oil (WCO), converting them into industrial inputs. Three mixing ratios between PET and WCO were evaluated, assessing their synergistic effects through kinetic studies and comprehensive characterization of the final liquid product. The interaction between PET and WCO in the evaluated mixtures reduced the activation energy of thermal degradation by ∼ 40 % compared to raw PET, improving the energy viability of the process. The addition of WCO to the thermal conversion of PET favored the cracking of the polymer, thus the yield of the pyrolytic liquid increased from 44.41 % by weight to 59.38 % in the PW (2:1) mixture, 71.06 % in PW (1:1) and 79.86 % in PW (1:2). The synergistic interaction between the feedstocks led to an increase in terephthalic acid (TPA) production compared to the individual pyrolysis of PET. When PET and WCO were mixed in proportions of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, TPA production increased by 167 %, 73 % and 58 %, respectively. Moreover, the production of highly aromatic compounds was inhibited during co-pyrolysis, favoring the formation of less aromatic species. The results showed that the simultaneous management of wastes from co-pyrolysis offers advantages to the production process, presenting itself as a promising approach for the management and production of chemical inputs from PET and WCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirele Santana Sá
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Martins
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Josué Alves Melo
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jhonattas de Carvalho Carregosa
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Albin Zaid ZAA, Otaru AJ. Thermal Decomposition of Date Seed/Polypropylene Homopolymer: Machine Learning CDNN, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:307. [PMID: 39940509 PMCID: PMC11820839 DOI: 10.3390/polym17030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The buildup of abandoned plastics in the environment and the need to optimize agricultural waste utilization have garnered scrutiny from environmental organizations and policymakers globally. This study presents an assessment of the thermal decomposition of date seeds (DS), polypropylene homopolymer (PP), and their composites (DS/PP) through experimental measurements, machine learning convolutional deep neural networks (CDNN), and kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental measurements involved the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of these materials in a nitrogen-filled thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), investigating degradation temperatures between 25 and 600 °C with heating rates of 10, 20, and 40 °C.min-1. These measurements revealed a two-stage process for the bio-composites and a decrease in the thermal stability of pure PP due to the moisture, hemicellulose, and cellulose content of the DS material. By utilizing machine learning CDNN, algorithms and frameworks were developed, providing responses that closely matched (R2~0.942) the experimental data. After various modelling modifications, adjustments, and regularization techniques, a framework comprising four hidden neurons was determined to be most effective. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that temperature was the most influential parameter affecting the thermal decomposition process. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were performed using the Coats-Redfern and general Arrhenius model-fitting methods, as well as the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose model-free approaches. The first-order reaction mechanism was identified as the most appropriate compared to the second and third order F-Series solid-state reaction mechanisms. The overall activation energy values were estimated at 51.471, 51.221, 156.080, and 153.767 kJ·mol-1 for the respective kinetic models. Additionally, the kinetic compensation effect showed an exponential increase in the pre-exponential factor with increasing activation energy values, and the estimated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process is endothermic, non-spontaneous, and less disordered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulrazak Jinadu Otaru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao X, Wan C, Pan Y, Fan Y, Liu X. Pyrolysis behavior of sewage sludge coexisted with microplastics: Kinetics, mechanism, and product characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:123030. [PMID: 39447367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics can accumulate in the excess sludge from wastewater treatment plants through domestic wastewater. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis behavior of sewage sludge coexisting with two types of microplastics (polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA)) and found a superior comprehensive pyrolysis performance. By calculating the difference between theoretical and experimental weight loss during the pyrolysis process, it was found that the incorporation of microplastics PE and PLA created a synergistic effect at 270°C-450 °C, which was confirmed through the Malek method analysis from a pyrolysis mechanism perspective that it could increase the random nuclei on each particle, that is, enhance the heterogeneous diffusion of volatiles. The average activation energy was reduced by 84.99 kJ/mol, as determined using three isoconversional methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Starink. Regarding the products, the aforementioned synergistic effect led to a reduction in char retention and larger specific surface area of the biochar, while the quantities of gaseous products and bio-oil escalated. Through a thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), an increase in aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, aldehydes, ethers, and esters in the gaseous products were detected. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) revealed an increase in hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols in the bio-oil, and acids and aldehydes decreased, overall enhancing the quality of the bio-oil. This study elucidated that pyrolysis completely transformed microplastics in sludge, thus eliminating environmental risks and provided a theoretical reference for understanding the pyrolysis behavior of sludge containing microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yating Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Razzak SA. Municipal Solid and Plastic Waste Co-pyrolysis Towards Sustainable Renewable Fuel and Carbon Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400307. [PMID: 38880993 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The substantial rise in global energy demand, propelled by industrial expansion, population growth, and transportation needs, poses a formidable challenge. The concurrent urbanization places pressure on the disposal of solid municipal solid waste and the management of plastic waste. Addressing the global waste crisis requires innovative and sustainable garbage disposal solutions with an environmentally friendly approach. This review tackles the challenges of worldwide waste management, focusing on renewable and sustainable fuels and waste recycling through the exploration of co-pyrolysis as an innovative method. It explores the characteristics and environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) and plastic waste (PW), delving into pyrolysis fundamentals, processes, and challenges. The primary emphasis is on co-pyrolysis, elucidating its integration of municipal and plastic waste, synergistic effects, and advantages. The manuscript thoroughly analyzes reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and the feasibility of co-pyrolysis for energy recovery. It also delves into the synthesis of renewable fuels and valuable chemical intermediates, considering optimization of product distribution. Environmental and economic sustainability aspects, including impact assessment, greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle analysis, and cost analysis of co-pyrolysis processes, are comprehensively investigated. The review underscores the economic benefits of renewable fuel and chemical materials synthesis. The conclusion addresses challenges, proposes future directions, outlines limitations, technical challenges, environmental considerations, and recommends further exploration and integration with other waste management techniques. The manuscript emphasizes the ongoing importance of research in this critical field, aiming to contribute to the development of effective solutions for the escalating global waste management crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Abdur Razzak
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Dhibar NC, Busigari RR, Patel M. Investigation of kinetics, reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, and synergetic effects in co-pyrolysis of wood sawdust and linear low-density polyethylene using the thermogravimetric approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:56091-56113. [PMID: 39251537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on investigating thermal degradation behaviors, kinetics, reaction mechanisms, synergistic effects, and thermodynamic parameters of wood sawdust (WSD), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends (LW1:3, LW1:1, and LW3:1) during co-pyrolysis in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Thermal behavior exhibited a LW1:3 blend (25 wt.% LLDPE) showing significant mass loss at lower temperatures (150 to 300 °C) compared to the individual feedstocks, such as 150 to 400 °C and 300 to 520 °C for WSD and LLDPE, respectively. The iso-conversional methods (KAS, FWO, and FM) were used to determine the kinetic parameters (Ea and A), and the activation energy drop was highest for the LW1:3 blend. According to the master plots, the third-order reaction (O3), nucleation (P2/3), and diffusional model (D4) were the predominant reaction mechanisms for the co-pyrolysis of the LW1:3, LW1:1, and LW3:1 blend, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrate that a small amount of plastic addition into WSD can improve the reactivity of the blend, shorten the reaction time, and cause less energy-intensive reactions. The values of ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS also confirmed the co-pyrolysis process's spontaneity and endothermic nature. The Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra of raw feedstock, blends, and their biochar revealed some of the peaks were shifted, the intensity was reduced, and disappearance can happen when the temperature was increased. Using the experimental and theoretical/predicted activation energies, the parity chart illustrates the synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of different blends, and the LW1:3 blend has a favorable synergistic impact. These results could be helpful in process optimization and designing an effective reactor system for co-pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Chand Dhibar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Busigari
- Department of Fuel, Mineral and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Thangarasu V, de Oliveira MR, Alves Oliveira LA, Aladawi S, Avila I. Combustion characteristics and gasification kinetics of Brazilian municipal solid waste subjected to different atmospheres by thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 403:130906. [PMID: 38806134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the gasification kinetics of Brazilian municipal solid waste (MSW) and its components under air, CO2, and air/CO2 (70/30 vol%) atmospheres. The ignition indices of paper and plastic are 6 and 3 times that of food waste, which are 38.6 × 10-3 %/min3 and 19.6 × 10-3 %/min3, respectively, implying a faster separation of volatile compounds from the paper and plastic. The minimum Eα values of 132 kJ/mol and 140 kJ/mol have been obtained for paper waste under air and air/CO2, respectively. On CO2 condition, MSW has an average Ea value of 96 kJ/mol. Under an air/CO2 atmosphere, a high synergistic ΔW of -4.7 wt% has been identified between individual components. The presence of air and CO2 improves the oxidation and char gasification process, thus resulting in better combustion. Hence, the gasification of MSW under an air/CO2 atmosphere would improve the waste-to-energy plant's performance and minimize the CO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Thangarasu
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy, Laboratory of Combustion and Carbon Capture (LC-3), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil.
| | - Miriam Ricciulli de Oliveira
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy, Laboratory of Combustion and Carbon Capture (LC-3), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Alves Oliveira
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy, Laboratory of Combustion and Carbon Capture (LC-3), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil
| | - Saif Aladawi
- Department of Petroluem and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Ivonete Avila
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy, Laboratory of Combustion and Carbon Capture (LC-3), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil
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Huang Z, Wu J, Yang T, Wang Z, Zhang T, Gao F, Yang L, Li G. Synergistic Effects and Kinetic Analysis in Co-Pyrolysis of Peanut Shells and Polypropylene. Foods 2024; 13:1191. [PMID: 38672863 PMCID: PMC11049628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has boosted growth in the takeaway and medical industries but has also generated a large amount of plastic waste. Peanut shells (PS) are produced in large quantities and are challenging to recycle in China. Co-pyrolysis of peanut shells (PS) and polypropylene (PP) is an effective method for processing plastic waste and energy mitigation. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on PS, PP, and their blends (PS-PP) at different heating rates (10, 20, 30 °C·min-1). The results illustrated that the co-pyrolysis process of PS-PP was divided into two distinct decomposition stages. The first stage (170-400 °C) was predominantly linked to PS decomposition. The second stage (400-520 °C) resulted from the combinations of PS and PP's thermal degradations, with the most contribution from PP degradation. With the increase in heating rate, thermogravimetric hysteresis appeared. Kinetic analysis indicated that the co-pyrolysis process reduced the individual pyrolysis activation energy, especially in the second stage, with a correlation coefficient (R2) generally maintained above 0.95. The multi-level reaction mechanism function model can effectively reveal the co-pyrolysis process mechanism. PS proved to be high-quality biomass for co-pyrolysis with PP, and all mixtures exhibited synergistic effects at a mixing ratio of 1:1 (PS1-PP1). This study accomplished effective waste utilization and optimized energy consumption. It holds significance in determining the interaction mechanism of mixed samples in the co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Huang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Fei Gao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Li Yang
- School of International Studies, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Gang Li
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Fischer O, Lemaire R, Bensakhria A. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis of different biomass types by means of model-fitting, model-free and network modeling approaches. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2024; 149:10941-10963. [PMID: 39512607 PMCID: PMC11538151 DOI: 10.1007/s10973-023-12868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
This work aims at comparing the ability of 7 modeling approaches to simulate the pyrolysis kinetics of spruce wood, wheat straw, swine manure, miscanthus and switchgrass. Measurements were taken using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with 4 heating rates comprised between 5 and 30 K min-1. The obtained results were processed using 3 isoconversional methods (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Friedman), 1-step and 3-step Kissinger models, as well as an advanced fitting method recently proposed by Bondarchuk et al. [1] (Molecules 28:424, 2023, 10.3390/molecules28010424). Seventeen reaction models were considered to derive rate constant parameters, which were used to simulate the variation of the fuel conversion degree α as a function of the temperature T . To complement this benchmarking analysis of the modeling approaches commonly used to simulate biomass pyrolysis, a network model, the bio-CPD (chemical percolation devolatilization), was additionally considered. The suitability of each model was assessed by computing the root-mean-square deviation between simulated and measured α = f ( T ) profiles. As highlights, the model-free methods were found to accurately reproduce experimental results. The agreement between simulated and measured data was found to be higher with the Friedman model, followed by the KAS, FWO, 3-step, and 1-step Kissinger models. As for the bio-CPD, it failed to predict measured data as well as the above-listed models. To conclude, although it was less efficient than the Friedman, KAS or OFW models, the fitting approach from Bondarchuk et al. [1] (Molecules 28:424, 2023, 10.3390/molecules28010424) still led to satisfactory results, while having the advantage of not requiring the selection of a reaction model a priori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fischer
- TFT Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3 Canada
- ESCOM, TIMR, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60 319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Romain Lemaire
- TFT Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3 Canada
| | - Ammar Bensakhria
- ESCOM, TIMR, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60 319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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Xie T, Zhao L, Yao Z, Kang K, Jia J, Hu T, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huo L. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyethylene: Insights into characteristics, kinetic and evolution paths of the reaction process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165443. [PMID: 37442473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the distribution and mechanism of co-pyrolysis products is vital to the directional control and high-value utilization of agriculture solid wastes. Co-pyrolysis, devolatilization, kinetics characteristics, and evolution paths of corn stalk (CS) and low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated via thermogravimetric experiments. The co-pyrolysis behaviors could be separated into two stages: firstly, the degradation of CS (150- 400 °C); secondly, the degradation of CS (400- 550 °C). The devolatilization index (DI) increased with the addition of LDPE. Furthermore, a combination of devolatilization chemical analysis with product analysis to analyze the intrinsic mechanism during co-pyrolysis. The results indicated that the yield of alkanes and olefin in gas products increased with the addition of LDPE. Additionally, LDPE pyrolysis maybe abstract hydrogen from CS pyrolysis and evolved into hydrogen, methane, and ethylene. Further, the co-pyrolysis kinetic parameters were computed by using model-free isoconversion methods, which showed promotion of CS pyrolysis and the reduced activation energy. All the activation energy were declined, which indicated a "bidirectional positive effect" during co-pyrolysis. The mean activation energy of P-cellulose (P-CE), P-hemicellulose (P-HM), P-lignin (P-LG), and LDPE decreased by 23.49 %, 12.89 %, 15.36 %, and 27.82 %, respectively. This study further proves the hydrogen donor transfer pathway in the co-pyrolysis process of CS and LDPE, providing theoretical support for the resource utilization of agricultural solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jixiu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Tagade A, Kandpal S, Sawarkar AN. Insights into pyrolysis of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) straw through thermogravimetric analysis: Physico-chemical characterization, kinetics, and reaction mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 391:129930. [PMID: 39491114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Millets and millet crop residues are gaining increasing attention. Present work provides insights into thermal degradation characteristics, pyrolysis indices, kinetic triplets, and thermodynamic parameters for pearl millet straw (PMS) pyrolysis. Pyrolysis indices revealed suitability of higher heating rates for PMS in terms of enhanced pyrolysis performance and shorter reaction time. Combined iso-conversional techniques and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) approach was employed to study kinetics of PMS pyrolysis. Average activation energy through Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Friedman, Starink, Vyazovkin, and DAEM was found to be 189.61, 190.84, 192.71, 187.84, 193.33, and 191.08 kJ/mol, respectively. Statistical analysis through ANOVA using Tukey test demonstrated insignificant deviation for obtained activation energies. Kinetic compensation effect was employed to determine pre-exponential factor. Master plots revealed prevalence of random nucleation (R1 and R2) for α < 0.5 and diffusion (D1) and power law (P2) models for α > 0.5. Thermodynamic parameters revealed endothermic, non-spontaneous, and high degree of randomness for PMS pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tagade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Kandpal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Tagade A, Sawarkar AN. Valorization of millet agro-residues for bioenergy production through pyrolysis: Recent inroads, technological bottlenecks, possible remedies, and future directions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129335. [PMID: 37343798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Millets are receiving increasing attention, lately, in view of their preeminent agronomic traits, nutritional significance, and renewed emphasis on highlighting their health benefits through national and international programs. As a consequence, a variety of millets are being cultivated in different parts of the world resulting in significant amount of millet agro-residues. Present study comprehends critical analysis of reported investigations on pyrolysis of different millet agro-residues encompassing (i) physico-chemical characterization (ii) kinetics and thermodynamic parameters (iii) reactors employed and (iv) relationship between the reaction conditions and characteristics of millets-derived biochar and its prospective applications. Based on the analysis of reported investigations, specific research gaps have been figured out. Finally, future directions for leveraging the energy potential of millet agro-residues are also discussed. The analysis elucidated is expected to be useful for the researchers for making further inroads pertaining to sustainable utilization of millet agro-residues in tandem with other commonly employed agro-residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tagade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Zixi H, Xu Z, Wuzhi H, Yong H. Pyrolytic biochar from plastic film waste addition on farmland for maize growth improvement: Process and effect study. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:210-218. [PMID: 36566654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolyzing and returning to farmland is one of the potential methods for farmland plastic film waste. This study explored both pyrolyzation and activation optimum conditions of a mixture of plastic film (polyethylene) and maize straw (MPS) in a 1:5 ratio to produce MPS-char, investigated the action of the char on the maize seedling stage (for 30 days). The results showed that the char promoted the root to be more advanced than aboveground part, therefore, this study experimentally clarified the role MPS-char played when added to the soil. The functional groups of the char were varied by the participation of polyethylene. Carbon-based groups were observed, such as carbonyl or carboxyl groups, which could constitute an NH4+ absorption release system to increase the existence of urea in soil, therefore the average nitrogen concentration was improved by 16.18 %. However, the shallow soil temperature increased by 2.03 °C, and the deep soil temperature slightly decreased with the effect of MPS-char. While, the soil moisture content was slightly reduced in the second half of the experiment, and the soil oxygen content increased by 7.64 % throughout the whole experiment. Overall, returning MPS-char to farmland showed a positive effect on maize growth, which was caused by the variation of both chemical and physical properties. This variation provides opportunities for further promotion of rhizosphere development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zixi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wuzhi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Hou Yong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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14
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Suriapparao DV, Sridevi V, Ramesh P, Sankar Rao C, Tukarambai M, Kamireddi D, Gautam R, Dharaskar SA, Pritam K. Synthesis of sustainable chemicals from waste tea powder and Polystyrene via Microwave-Assisted in-situ catalytic Co-Pyrolysis: Analysis of pyrolysis using experimental and modeling approaches. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127813. [PMID: 36031137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, catalytic co-pyrolysis was performed on waste tea powder (WTP) and polystyrene (PS) wastes to convert them into value-added products using KOH catalyst. The feed mixture influenced the heating rates (17-75 °C/min) and product formation. PS promoted the formation of oil and WTP enhanced the char formation. The maximum oil yield (80 wt%) was obtained at 15 g:5 g, and the maximum char yield (44 wt%) was achieved at 5 g:25 g (PS:WTP). The pyrolysis index (PI) increased with the increase in feedstock quantity. High PI was noticed at 25 g:5 g, and low PI was at 5 g:5 g (PS:WTP). Low energy consumption and low pyrolysis time enhanced the PI value. Significant interactions were noticed during co-pyrolysis. The obtained bio-oil was analyzed using GC-MS and a plausible reaction mechanism is presented. Catalyst and co-pyrolysis synergy promoted the formation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by reducing the oxygenated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Veluru Sridevi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Potnuri Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Chinta Sankar Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - M Tukarambai
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dinesh Kamireddi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swapnil A Dharaskar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Kocherlakota Pritam
- Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
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