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Hou R, Zhang J, Fu Q, Li T, Gao S, Wang R, Zhao S, Zhu B. The boom era of emerging contaminants: A review of remediating agricultural soils by biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172899. [PMID: 38692328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely sourced persistent pollutants that pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. Their footprint spans global ecosystems, making their remediation highly challenging. In recent years, a significant amount of literature has focused on the use of biochar for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and water environments. However, the use of biochar for the remediation of ECs in agricultural soils has not received as much attention, and as a result, there are limited reviews available on this topic. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the primary types, sources, and hazards of ECs in farmland, as well as the structure, functions, and preparation types of biochar. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance and prospects of three remediation strategies for ECs in cropland: (i) employing activated, modified, and composite biochar for remediation, which exhibit superior pollutant removal compared to pure biochar; (ii) exploring the potential synergistic efficiency between biochar and compost, enhancing their effectiveness in soil improvement and pollution remediation; (iii) utilizing biochar as a shelter and nutrient source for microorganisms in biochar-mediated microbial remediation, positively impacting soil properties and microbial community structure. Given the increasing global prevalence of ECs, the remediation strategies provided in this paper aim to serve as a valuable reference for future remediation of ECs-contaminated agricultural lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Shijun Gao
- Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Five building Construction Engineering Co., LTD, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bingyu Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Zhang Y, He R, Sun Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Wang J, Bildyukevich AV. Influence of microplastics and environmentally persistent free radicals on the ability of biochar components to promote degradation of antibiotics by activated peroxymonosulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123827. [PMID: 38574947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in sludge can affect the ability of biochar-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade antibiotics. In this work, biochar was prepared by mixing sludge and polystyrene (PS) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and high-temperature pyrolysis processes. The resulting biochar was used to activate PMS to degrade ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LEV), and pefloxacin (PFX). The addition of PS significantly enhanced the ability of biochar/PMS to degrade antibiotics and the levels of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs, 4.59 × 1020 spin/g) due to the decomposition of PS. The addition of PS resulted in a slight decrease in the specific surface area of biochar (2-3 m2/g on average), but a significant increase in the concentration of EPFRs increased the removal efficiency. The activation of PMS by biochar is dominated by free radicals, accounting for about 70%, in which SO4•- and •OH contribute the most and O2•- the least. However, 1O2 contributes 15-20% to the degradation of antibiotics in non-free radical processes. Overall, the process of biochar/PMS degradation of antibiotics is mainly dominated by free radicals, and the effect of non-free radicals is not obvious. Both hydrochar and pyrocarbon samples showed good hydrophilicity, and this property should improve the ability of active sites on biochar to degrade antibiotics. In the HTC process, PS can decompose during hydrochar preparation, with a maximum reduction value of 40.09%. The three-dimension excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) and total organic carbon (TOC) results show that the protein content in sludge plays a major role in reducing PS, with little effect of polysaccharide and SiO2. There are six to seven degradation intermediates of quinolone antibiotics, which are eventually degraded into CO2, H2O, and inorganic substances. The regeneration experiment showed good reusability of hydrochar and pyrocarbon, further demonstrating the suitability of biochar for the degradation of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rui He
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Yutai Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhuan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiqin Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Alexandr V Bildyukevich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Surganov str. 13, Belarus.
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Wang N, Yang W, Wang B, Bai X, Wang X, Xu Q. Predicting maturity and identifying key factors in organic waste composting using machine learning models. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130663. [PMID: 38583671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The measurement of germination index (GI) in composting is a time-consuming and laborious process. This study employed four machine learning (ML) models, namely Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Decision Tree (DT), to predict GI based on key composting parameters. The prediction results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) for RF (>0.9) and ANN (>0.9) was higher than SVR (<0.6) and DT (<0.8), suggesting that RF and ANN displayed superior predictive performance for GI. The SHapley additive exPlanations value result indicated that composting time, temperature, and pH were the important features contributing to GI. Composting time was found to have the most significant impact on GI. Overall, RF and ANN were suggested as effective tools for predicting GI in composting. This study offers the reliable approach of accurately predicting GI in composting processes, thereby enabling intelligent composting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wongkiew S, Aksorn S, Amnuaychaichana S, Polprasert C, Noophan PL, Kanokkantapong V, Koottatep T, Surendra KC, Khanal SK. Bioponic systems with biochar: Insights into nutrient recovery, heavy metal reduction, and microbial interactions in digestate-based bioponics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:267-279. [PMID: 38422680 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioponics is a nutrient-recovery technology that transforms nutrient-rich organic waste into plant biomass/bioproducts. Integrating biochar with digestate from anaerobic wastewater treatment process can improve resource recovery while mitigating heavy metal contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate the application of biochar in digestate-based bioponics, focusing on its efficacy in nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal, while also exploring the microbial community dynamics. In this study, biochar was applied at 50 % w/w with 500 g dry weight of digestate during two 28-day crop cycles (uncontrolled pH and pH 5.5) using white stem pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) as a model crop. The results showed that the digestate provided sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen, supporting plant growth. Biochar amendment improved plant yield and phosphate solubilization and reduced nitrogen loss, especially at the pH 5.5. Furthermore, biochar reduced the heavy metal accumulation in plants, while concentrating these metals in the residual sludge. However, owing to potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, it is still not recommended to directly consume plants cultivated in digestate-based bioponic systems. Additionally, biochar amendment exhibited pronounced impact on the microbial community, promoting microbes responsible for nutrient solubilization and cycling (e.g., Tetrasphaera, Herpetosiphon, Hyphomicrobium, and Pseudorhodoplanes) and heavy metal stabilization (e.g., Leptolinea, Fonticella, Romboutsia, and Desulfurispora) in both the residual sludge and plants. Overall, the addition of biochar enhanced the microbial community and facilitated the metal stabilization and the cycling of nutrients within both residual sludge and root systems, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the bioponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Satja Aksorn
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchana Amnuaychaichana
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chongrak Polprasert
- Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapot Kanokkantapong
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Waste Utilization and Ecological Risk Assessment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - K C Surendra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong, Korea (Affiliate Faculty)
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Bao Z, Zhang X, Yao S, Li Y, Li G, Wang D, Li Q, Yuan J. Plant-derived biochar amendment for compost maturity improvement and gaseous emission reduction in food waste composting: Insight from bacterial community and functions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141457. [PMID: 38378050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of different plant-derived biochar (cornstalk, rice husk, and sawdust) on bacterial community and functions for compost maturity and gaseous emissions during the composting of food waste. Results showed that all biochar strengthened organic biotransformation and caused a higher germination index on day 12 (over 100%), especially for rice husk biochar to enhance the growth of Thermobifida related to aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Rice husk biochar also achieved a relatively higher reduction efficiency of methane (85.8%) and ammonia (82.7%) emissions since its greater porous structure. Besides, the growth of Pseudomonas, Pusillimonas, and Desulfitibacter was restricted to constrict nitrate reduction, nitrite respiration, and sulfate respiration by optimized temperature and air permeability, thus reducing nitrous oxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions by 48.0-57.3% by biochar addition. Therefore, rice husk biochar experienced the optimal potential for maturity increment and gaseous emissions mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Xuanshuo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China.
| | - Dingmei Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China.
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, He R, Zhao J, Wang J, Yu T, Zhang X, Bildyukevich AV. Effects of excess sludge composting process, environmentally persistent free radicals, and microplastics on antibiotics degradation efficiency of aging biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130070. [PMID: 37984667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of microbial aging biochar in compost is an important index for evaluating the biochar degradation efficiency of antibiotics. In this study, biochar was prepared by adding microplastics (MPs) to sludge, and the degradation effect of biochar/(peroxymonosulfate, PMS) on antibiotics was evaluated during the compost aging process of biochar. After the compost aging of biochars, the antibiotic degradation efficiency of HPBC500, HPBC500 + polystyrene (PS), HPBC900/PMS, and HPBC900 + PS/PMS decreased by 6.47, 15.2, 10.16, and 10.33 %, respectively. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and defect structure were the main contributors to the activation of PMS. EPFRs produced through PS pyrolysis of biochar exhibited strong reactivity but poor stability during the degradation of antibiotics. Biochar enhanced the growth of microorganisms in compost but reduced its specific surface area. The antibiotic degradation efficiency of the biochar was positively correlated with the concentration of EPFRs. This study elucidated the durability of different biochar toward antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Yutai Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Rui He
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jiqin Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Tonghuan Yu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaozhuan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Alexandr V Bildyukevich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, 220072 Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
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Yin J, Xie M, Yu X, Feng H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen T. A review of the definition, influencing factors, and mechanisms of rapid composting of organic waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123125. [PMID: 38081379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a traditional method of treating organic waste. A growing number of studies have been focusing on accelerating the process to achieve "rapid composting." However, the specific definition and influencing factors of rapid composting remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to gather more insight into the features of rapid composting by reviewing the literature concerning organic waste composting published in the Web of Science database in the past 5 years. We selected 1615 sample studies with "composting" as the subject word and analyzed the effective composting time stated in each study. We defined rapid composting within 15 days using the median test and quartile method. Based on this definition, we summarized the influencing factors of "rapid composting," namely materials, reactors, temperature, and microorganisms. Finally, we summarized two mechanisms related to humus formation during organic waste rapid composting: high temperature-promoting maturation and microbial driving mechanisms. This literature review compiled useful references to help promote the development of rapid composting technology and related equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Zhejiang Best Energy and Environment Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group Limited, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Syguła E, Bednik M, Rosik J. Effective Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Improvement of Compost Nutrients with the Use of Composts' Biochar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:563. [PMID: 38591413 PMCID: PMC10856095 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Composting is a process that emits environmentally harmful gases: CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3, negatively affecting the quality of mature compost. The addition of biochar to the compost can significantly reduce emissions. For effective CO2 removal, high doses of biochar (up to 20%) are often recommended. Nevertheless, as the production efficiency of biochar is low-up to 90% mass loss-there is a need for research into the effectiveness of lower doses. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to observe the gaseous emissions during the first 10 days of composting with biochars obtained from mature composts. Biochars were produced at 550, 600, and 650 °C, and tested with different doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% per dry matter (d.m.) in composting mixtures, at three incubation temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C). CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3 emissions were measured daily. The results showed that the biochars effectively mitigate CO2 emissions during the intensive phase of composting. Even 3-6% d.m. of compost biochars can reduce up to 50% of the total measured gas emissions (the best treatment was B650 at 60 °C) and significantly increase the content of macronutrients. This study confirmed that even low doses of compost biochars have the potential for enhancing the composting process and improving the quality of the material quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewa Syguła
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rosik
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
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Zhou Y, Shen Y, Wang H, Jia Y, Ding J, Fan S, Li D, Zhang A, Zhou H, Xu Q, Li Q. Biochar addition accelerates the humification process by affecting the microbial community during human excreta composting. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38100615 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2291418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar addition plays an important role in manure composting, but its driving mechanism on microbial succession and humification process of human excreta composting is still unclear. In the present study, the mechanism of biochar addition was explored by analysing the humification process and microbial succession pattern of human excreta aerobic composting without and with 10% biochar (HF and BHF). Results indicated that BHF improved composting temperature, advanced the thermophilic phase by 1 d, increased the germination index by 49.03%, promoted the growth rate of humic acid content by 17.46%, and raised the compost product with the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) by 16.19%. Biochar regulated the diversity of fungi and bacteria, increasing the relative abundance of Planifilum, Meyerozyma and Melanocarpus in the thermophilic phase, and Saccharomonospora, Flavobacterium, Thermomyces and Remersonia in the mature phase, which accelerates the humification. Bacterial communities' succession had an obvious correlation with the total carbon, total nitrogen, and temperature (P < 0.05), while the succession of fungal communities was influenced by the HA/FA and pH (P < 0.05). This study could provide a reference for the improvement of on-site human excreta harmless by extending the thermophilic phase, and facilitating the humification in human excreta compost with biochar addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiman Jia
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Fan
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kumar Awasthi S, Verma S, Liu T, Kumar Awasthi M, Zhang Z, Syed A, Bahkali AH. Regulation of fungal communities during pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129823. [PMID: 37805085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of protein shell (PS) amendment in altering the fungal community during pig manure (PM) composting was investigated. Six different dosages of PS based on the dry weight of PM (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, 10 %, and 12 %; T1-T6, respectively) were mixed with wheat straw to make the initial feedstock and composted for 42 days. The results showed that Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Giomeromycota were the most abundant phyla in all treatments. However, the relative abundance of Giomeromycota was the highest in the control treatment, although a substantially greater population was observed in all treatments. Genus abundance declined steadily from T1 to T6; however, T4 and T6 had smaller populations. Correlation analysis also suggested that T6 amendment increased the overall fungal dynamics and organic matter degradation. Thus, T6 was more efficient to enhance the overall fungal population and dynamics with considerable network connections among all the analyzed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Shivpal Verma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Yang X, Duan P, Cao Y, Wang K, Li D. Mechanisms of mitigating nitrous oxide emission during composting by biochar and calcium carbonate addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129772. [PMID: 37734484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms underlying effects of biochar and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during composting, this paper conducted a systematic study on mineral nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (C) and N, sources of N2O, and functional genes. Biochar and CaCO3 addition decreased N2O emissions by 26.5-47.8% (9.5-96.9 mg N kg-1 dw) and 13.9-37.4% (12.0-121.0 mg N kg-1 dw) compared to the control (14.3-179.7 mg N kg-1 dw), respectively. The mitigation of N2O emission was caused by decreased contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and fungi to N2O production due to diminished AOB amoA, fungal nirK and P450 gene abundances, or by stimulated N2O reduction to N2 owing to increased abundances of nosZⅠ and nosZⅠⅠ genes under biochar and CaCO3 addition. The findings suggest that the addition of biochar or CaCO3 is effective in mitigating N2O emission during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Pengpeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yubo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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