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Hao X, Lüthje F, Rønn R, German NA, Li X, Huang F, Kisaka J, Huffman D, Alwathnani HA, Zhu YG, Rensing C. A role for copper in protozoan grazing - two billion years selecting for bacterial copper resistance. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:628-641. [PMID: 27528008 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Great Oxidation Event resulted in integration of soft metals in a wide range of biochemical processes including, in our opinion, killing of bacteria by protozoa. Compared to pressure from anthropologic copper contamination, little is known on impacts of protozoan predation on maintenance of copper resistance determinants in bacteria. To evaluate the role of copper and other soft metals in predatory mechanisms of protozoa, we examined survival of bacteria mutated in different transition metal efflux or uptake systems in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Our data demonstrated a strong correlation between the presence of copper/zinc efflux as well as iron/manganese uptake, and bacterial survival in amoebae. The growth of protozoa, in turn, was dependent on bacterial copper sensitivity. The phagocytosis of bacteria induced upregulation of Dictyostelium genes encoding the copper uptake transporter p80 and a triad of Cu(I)-translocating PIB -type ATPases. Accumulated Cu(I) in Dictyostelium was monitored using a copper biosensor bacterial strain. Altogether, our data demonstrate that Cu(I) is ultimately involved in protozoan predation of bacteria, supporting our hypothesis that protozoan grazing selected for the presence of copper resistance determinants for about two billion years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Freja Lüthje
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regin Rønn
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda A German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Xuanji Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fuyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Javan Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - David Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Hend A Alwathnani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Unraveling interactions in microbial communities - from co-cultures to microbiomes. J Microbiol 2015; 53:295-305. [PMID: 25935300 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms do not exist in isolation in the environment. Instead, they form complex communities among themselves as well as with their hosts. Different forms of interactions not only shape the composition of these communities but also define how these communities are established and maintained. The kinds of interaction a bacterium can employ are largely encoded in its genome. This allows us to deploy a genomescale modeling approach to understand, and ultimately predict, the complex and intertwined relationships in which microorganisms engage. So far, most studies on microbial communities have been focused on synthetic co-cultures and simple communities. However, recent advances in molecular and computational biology now enable bottom up methods to be deployed for complex microbial communities from the environment to provide insight into the intricate and dynamic interactions in which microorganisms are engaged. These methods will be applicable for a wide range of microbial communities involved in industrial processes, as well as understanding, preserving and reconditioning natural microbial communities present in soil, water, and the human microbiome.
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Kubo I, Hosoda K, Suzuki S, Yamamoto K, Kihara K, Mori K, Yomo T. Construction of bacteria-eukaryote synthetic mutualism. Biosystems 2013; 113:66-71. [PMID: 23711432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutualism is ubiquitous in nature but is known to be intrinsically vulnerable with regard to both population dynamics and evolution. Synthetic ecology has indicated that it is feasible for organisms to establish novel mutualism merely through encountering each other by showing that it is feasible to construct synthetic mutualism between organisms. However, bacteria-eukaryote mutualism, which is ecologically important, has not yet been constructed. In this study, we synthetically constructed mutualism between a bacterium and a eukaryote by using two model organisms. We mixed a bacterium, Escherichia coli (a genetically engineered glutamine auxotroph), and an amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, in 14 sets of conditions in which each species could not grow in monoculture but potentially could grow in coculture. Under a single condition in which the bacterium and amoeba mutually compensated for the lack of required nutrients (lipoic acid and glutamine, respectively), both species grew continuously through several subcultures, essentially establishing mutualism. Our results shed light on the establishment of bacteria-eukaryote mutualism and indicate that a bacterium and eukaryote pair in nature also has a non-negligible possibility of establishing novel mutualism if the organisms are potentially mutualistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kubo
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kihara K, Mori K, Suzuki S, Hosoda K, Yamada A, Matsuyama SI, Kashiwagi A, Yomo T. Probabilistic transition from unstable predator–prey interaction to stable coexistence of Dictyostelium discoideum and Escherichia coli. Biosystems 2011; 103:342-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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