Modeling of the entangled states transfer processes in microtubule tryptophan system

Surface code model for Fibonacci helical pathways of the Orch OR microtubule

The Objective Reduction (OR) theory suggested by Sir Roger Penrose presented a novel perspective on the measurement problem of quantum mechanics and consciousness. Subsequently, based on the assertion of anesthesiologist Dr. Hameroff, the theory proposed that the phenomenon of OR could also manifest in microtubules within neurons. This would, serve as the trigger for consciousness, thereby forming the basis of Orchestrated OR (Orch OR). The peculiarity of this theory lies in the claim that tubulin and its higher neuronal information structures are not simply additive, rather, they are formed in a topological manner. Specifically, higher information structure of tubulin, helical pathways are presumed to form an intersecting pattern in both left-handed and right-handed directions, following a repeating Fibonacci series (3, 5, 8, 13, …), and are interconnected with each other. There have been attempts to examine these unique characteristics. However, experimenting upon these quantum characteristics in the microtubule appears to be plagued by certain limitations. Therefore, this study proposed a surface code model to implement this biological model on a quantum computer, focusing on its quantum properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to attempt this. The study emphasizes that interpreting asymmetric Fibonacci helical pathways as logical qubits can stabilize surface code. In addition, we analyzed the conditions required for experimenting with this model based on the development of current quantum computer. Although the experimental feasibility of this study is dependents on future quantum computer development, it provides significant insights into Orch OR research by offering a novel perspective.

On the possibility of implementing a quantum entanglement distribution in a biosystem: Microtubules

The paper considers the possibility of implementing a quantum entanglement distribution in the cell microtubule. It has been shown that a quantum entanglement distribution proposed in the paper determines the process of quantum state teleportation through microtubule tryptophan chain. The work shows that the system of tryptophans in a microtubule essentially is a quantum network that consists of: spatially spaced nodes - tryptophans, quantum communication channels connecting tryptophans and qubits transmitted through these communication channels. The connection between the process of quantum teleportation in living nature and its classical analogue is discussed. The quantum protocol established in the work determines the possible principle of quantum information transmission in biosystems and also in the similar nanostructures.

Fascial Manual Medicine: A Continuous Evolution

From the perspective of fascial manual medicine (FMM), the body should not be considered as a set of compartments, but as a functional continuum, where most of the tissues (considering embryology) are fascia. The cells that make up the fascia can use multiple strategies to communicate, with neighboring cells, with the tissue to which they belong, and with the entire body, thanks to biochemical (microscopy) and electromagnetic (nanoscopy) possibilities. These multiple capacities to send and receive information make the border or layer of the different tissues seem absent. All the manual techniques that profess to be the only ones that work on the patient's symptoms, dictating a standardized manual procedure that all patients should undergo, represent a clinical deviation. Likewise, thinking that the manual approach can provide biomechanical stimuli only to a single specific structure or layer is a conceptual error. This narrative review briefly reviews the history of fascial-related nomenclature and how the fascial system is currently considered, posing new reflections on how the fascial continuum could be conceived by practitioners who apply FMM in the clinic, such as osteopaths, chiropractors, and physiotherapists.

Modeling of the quantum entangled state transfer protocol in the cell microtubules

In the work based on the quantum gates representation, the modeling of the quantum entangled state transfer protocol in the cell microtubules is carried out. It has been proved that considered data transmission can be determined as a mechanism that ensures the transfer of information through a quantum channel in microtubule tryptophans chain. The influence of external factors on the formation of entangled states is investigated. It is shown that the influence of the external environment has an ambiguous character and can constructively influence the formation and dynamics of entangled states. The research conducted in the work allowed to conclude that the processes of qubits transmission in microtubules in the special case could be defined as an analogue of the superdense coding protocol for similar biosystems.