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Martínez-Corona R, Canizal-García R, Madrigal-Perez LA, Cortés-Penagos C, de la Riva de la Riva GA, González-Hernández JC. Lipase activity of recombinant KmYJR107Wp and KmLIP3p enzymes expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 from Kluyveromyces marxianus L2029. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100396. [PMID: 39179325 PMCID: PMC11253516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Lipases are used in many food, energy, and pharmaceutical processes. Thus, new systems have been sought to synthesize alternative lipases with potential biotechnological applications. Kluyveromyces marxianus is a yeast with recognized lipase activity; at least ten putative lipases/esterases in its genome have been detected, and two of them possess a signal peptide for extracellular secretion. The study of extracellular lipases becomes more relevant since they usually have higher activity rates than intracellular lipases and simpler purification mechanisms. For these reasons, this study aimed to characterize the production and lipase activity of the putative extracellular lipases of the K. marxianus L-2029 strain, encoded in the genes LIP3 and YJR107W. Both genes were heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 (yeast strain without extracellular lipase activity) using a pYES2.1/V5-His-TOPO® plasmid. Herein, we show evidence that the strain transformed with the LIP3 gene did not show lipase activity during flask galactose induction. On the other hand, the strain transformed with the YJR107W gene showed a specific activity of 0.397 U/mg, with an optimum temperature of 37 °C and pH 6. For maximum cell production, glucose and yeast extract concentrations were evaluated by a 22 factorial design, followed by the validation of the best concentrations predicted by a statistical model; a 22 factorial design was also carried out to evaluate the concentration of the inducer galactose on the transformed strains, and the intracellular and extracellular lipase specific activities were quantified. Finally, the biomass and lipase production were determined for each strain, which was grown in a stirred tank bioreactor with a working volume of 1.5 L. The specific activities of the transformed strains obtained in the bioreactor were 1.36 U/mg for the LIP3 transformant and 1.25 U/mg for the YJR107W transformant, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martínez-Corona
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Av. Tecnológico No. 1500, Morelia, Michoacán 58120, Mexico
| | - Renato Canizal-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Av. Ing. Carlos Rojas Gutiérrez 2120, Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán 61100, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Av. Ing. Carlos Rojas Gutiérrez 2120, Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán 61100, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cortés-Penagos
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tzintzuntzan 173, Colonia Matamoros, Morelia, Michoacán 58240, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Alberto de la Riva de la Riva
- SynergiaBio México, Copala, Jalisco, México 49760; Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de La Piedad, Av. Ricardo Guzmán Romero, 59370 La Piedad, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos González-Hernández
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Av. Tecnológico No. 1500, Morelia, Michoacán 58120, Mexico.
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Sequeiros-Borja C, Surpeta B, Thirunavukarasu AS, Dongmo Foumthuim CJ, Marchlewski I, Brezovsky J. Water will Find Its Way: Transport through Narrow Tunnels in Hydrolases. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6014-6025. [PMID: 38669675 PMCID: PMC11323245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
An aqueous environment is vital for life as we know it, and water is essential for nearly all biochemical processes at the molecular level. Proteins utilize water molecules in various ways. Consequently, proteins must transport water molecules across their internal network of tunnels to reach the desired action sites, either within them or by functioning as molecular pipes to control cellular osmotic pressure. Despite water playing a crucial role in enzymatic activity and stability, its transport has been largely overlooked, with studies primarily focusing on water transport across membrane proteins. The transport of molecules through a protein's tunnel network is challenging to study experimentally, making molecular dynamics simulations the most popular approach for investigating such events. In this study, we focused on the transport of water molecules across three different α/β-hydrolases: haloalkane dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolase, and lipase. Using a 5 μs adaptive simulation per system, we observed that only a few tunnels were responsible for the majority of water transport in dehalogenase, in contrast to a higher diversity of tunnels in other enzymes. Interestingly, water molecules could traverse narrow tunnels with subangstrom bottlenecks, which is surprising given the commonly accepted water molecule radius of 1.4 Å. Our analysis of the transport events in such narrow tunnels revealed a markedly increased number of hydrogen bonds formed between the water molecules and protein, likely compensating for the steric penalty of the process. Overall, these commonly disregarded narrow tunnels accounted for ∼20% of the total water transport observed, emphasizing the need to surpass the standard geometrical limits on the functional tunnels to properly account for the relevant transport processes. Finally, we demonstrated how the obtained insights could be applied to explain the differences in a mutant of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sequeiros-Borja
- International
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Surpeta
- International
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Aravind Selvaram Thirunavukarasu
- International
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | | | - Igor Marchlewski
- International
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Jan Brezovsky
- International
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression,
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
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Karia M, Kaspal M, Alhattab M, Puri M. Marine-Derived Lipases for Enhancing Enrichment of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Reference to Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:301. [PMID: 39057410 PMCID: PMC11277628 DOI: 10.3390/md22070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that are not synthesised by the human body and have been linked with the prevention of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the current dietary habits of the majority of the population include lower omega-3 content compared to omega-6, which does not promote good health. To overcome this, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies aim to produce omega-3-fortified foods. For this purpose, various approaches have been employed to obtain omega-3 concentrates from sources such as fish and algal oil with higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Among these techniques, enzymatic enrichment using lipase enzymes has gained tremendous interest as it is low in capital cost and simple in operation. Microorganism-derived lipases are preferred as they are easily produced due to their higher growth rate, and they hold the ability to be manipulated using genetic modification. This review aims to highlight the recent studies that have been carried out using marine lipases for the enrichment of omega-3, to provide insight into future directions. Overall, the covalent bond-based lipase immobilization to various support materials appears most promising; however, greener and less expensive options need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahejbin Karia
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Mona Kaspal
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Mariam Alhattab
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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dos Santos MMO, de Menezes LHS, do Espirito Santo EL, de Carvalho MS, Gonçalves MS, de Carvalho Tavares IM, Mendes AA, Ruiz HA, Salay LC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Synthesis of hexyl butyrate (apple and citrus aroma) by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on Diaion HP-20 using the Box-Behnken design. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:689-696. [PMID: 37009043 PMCID: PMC10050618 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at the synthesis of hexyl butyrate by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on Diaion HP 20. The lipase load used was 28.7 ± 2.1 mg/g (mg of lipase/g of support), whose hydrolytic activity was 132.0 ± 2.5 U/g. To obtain the maximum production of hexyl butyrate, the Box-Behnken design statistical planning was used, having as independent variables; biocatalyst concentration, temperature and acid:alcohol molar ratio and ester conversion as a dependent variable at 60, 180 and 480 min. For 60 min, 90.8% conversion was obtained at 47.25 ºC, 1:1.4 molar ratio and 17.65% of biocatalyst; 180 min, 94.5% conversion at 59.5 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 15.8% biocatalyst; 480 min, 95.01% conversion at 47.0 ºC, 1:2 molar ratio and 16.9% biocatalyst. CRL-Diaion HP 20 retained 60% of its initial activity after ten cycles of reactions showing potential for industrial use. The ester produced was identified by gas chromatography analyses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01200-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marise Silva de Carvalho
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, 45700-000 Brazil
| | | | | | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, COAH Mexico
| | - Luiz Carlos Salay
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
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Scale-up Lipase Production and Development of Methanol Tolerant Whole-Cell Biocatalyst from Magnusiomyces spicifer SPB2 in Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Its Application for Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to economically develop the yeast whole-cell biocatalyst from the lipase-secreting Magnusiomyces spicifer SPB2 to serve green biodiesel production. The scaled-up productions of lipases were optimized using a 5-L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum extracellular lipase and cell-bound lipase (CBL) yields of 1189.65 U/L and 5603.74 U/L were achieved at 24 h and 60 h, respectively, in the modified IMY medium (pH 5.0) containing 2% of soybean oil as a carbon source and 0.2% Gum Arabic as an emulsifying agent. The optimized cultivation was initiated with an inoculum size of 1 × 107 cells/mL and conducted under an aeration rate of 0.75 vvm with an agitation speed of 400 rpm. The obtained whole-cell biocatalyst of M. spicifer SPB2 was applied to catalyze the transesterification reaction using palm oil and methanol as substrates. The greatest yield of 97.93% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was reached at 72 h using a palm oil/methanol ratio of 1:7, indicating high methanol stability of the biocatalyst. Moreover, substrate homogenization accelerated the reaction to achieve FAME production of 97.01% at 48 h and remained stable afterwards. Without homogenization, the highest FAME of 98.20% was obtained at 60 h. The whole-cell biocatalyst prepared from lipase-secreting M. spicifer SPB2 at an up-scaled level greatly enhanced efficiency and feasibility for commercial biodiesel production through a green conversion process.
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Design of a New Chemoenzymatic Process for Producing Epoxidized Monoalkyl Esters from Used Soybean Cooking Oil and Fusel Oil. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce epoxidized monoalkyl esters (EMAE), a valuable class of oleochemicals used in a wide range of products and industries, from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) and fusel oil via a three-step chemoenzymatic process. This process consists of a first enzymatic hydrolysis of USCO to produce free fatty acids (FFA). Here, five microbial lipases with different specificities were tested as biocatalysts. Full hydrolysis of USCO was obtained after a 180 min reaction time under vigorous stirring (1500 rpm) using a non-specific lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL). Then, monoalkyl esters (MAE) were produced via the esterification of FFA and fusel oil in a solvent-free system using the lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 (ET2.0) immobilized via physical adsorption on poly(styrenene-divinylbenzene) (PSty-DVB) beads as a biocatalyst. Different water removal strategies (closed and open reactors in the presence or absence of molecular sieves at 5% m.m−1) on the reaction were evaluated. Maximum FFA conversions of 64.3 ± 2.3% (open reactor after a 30 min reaction time) and 73.5 ± 0.4% (closed reactor after a 45 min reaction time) were observed at 40 °C, using a stoichiometric FFA:fusel oil molar ratio (1:1), without molecular sieves, and 5 mg of immobilized protein per gram of reaction mixture. Under these conditions, maximum FFA conversion was only 30.2 ± 2.7% after a 210 min reaction time in a closed reactor using soluble lipase. Reusability tests showed better retention of the original activity of immobilized ET2.0 (around 82%) after eight successive batches of esterification reactions conducted in an open reactor. Finally, the produced MAE was epoxidized via the Prilezhaev reaction, a classical chemical epoxidation process, using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid as a homogeneous catalyst. The products were characterized by standard methods and identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Maximum unsaturated bond conversions into epoxy groups were at approximately 33%, with the experimental epoxy oxygen content (OOCexp.) at 1.75–1.78%, and selectivity (S) at 0.81, using both MAEs produced (open or closed reactors). These results show that this new process is a promising approach for value-added oleochemical production from low-cost and renewable raw materials.
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Islam H, Gufrana T, Khare S, Pandey A, Radha P. Chicken tallow, a low-cost feedstock for the two-step lipase-catalysed synthesis of biolubricant. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2023.2176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasibul Islam
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tasneem Gufrana
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivani Khare
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Radha
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lai J, Huang H, Lin M, Xu Y, Li X, Sun B. Enzyme catalyzes ester bond synthesis and hydrolysis: The key step for sustainable usage of plastics. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113705. [PMID: 36713200 PMCID: PMC9878459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Petro-plastic wastes cause serious environmental contamination that require effective solutions. Developing alternatives to petro-plastics and exploring feasible degrading methods are two solving routes. Bio-plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (ethylene furanoate) s (PEFs) and poly (ethylene succinate) (PES) have emerged as promising alternatives. Meanwhile, biodegradation plays important roles in recycling plastics (e.g., bio-plastics PHAs, PLA, PCL, PBS, PEFs and PES) and petro-plastics poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and plasticizers in plastics (e.g., phthalate esters, PAEs). All these bio- and petro-materials show structure similarity by connecting monomers through ester bond. Thus, this review focused on bio-plastics and summarized the sequences and structures of the microbial enzymes catalyzing ester-bond synthesis. Most of these synthetic enzymes belonged to α/β-hydrolases with conserved serine catalytic active site and catalyzed the polymerization of monomers by forming ester bond. For enzymatic plastic degradation, enzymes about PHAs, PBS, PCL, PEFs, PES and PET were discussed, and most of the enzymes also belonged to the α/β hydrolases with a catalytic active residue serine, and nucleophilically attacked the ester bond of substrate to generate the cleavage of plastic backbone. Enzymes hydrolysis of the representative plasticizer PAEs were divided into three types (I, II, and III). Type I enzymes hydrolyzed only one ester-bond of PAEs, type II enzymes catalyzed the ester-bond of mono-ester phthalates, and type III enzymes hydrolyzed di-ester bonds of PAEs. Divergences of catalytic mechanisms among these enzymes were still unclear. This review provided references for producing bio-plastics, and degrading or recycling of bio- and petro-plastics from an enzymatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lai
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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The immobilization protocol greatly alters the effects of metal phosphate modification on the activity/stability of immobilized lipases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2452-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Godoy CA, Pardo-Tamayo JS, Barbosa O. Microbial Lipases and Their Potential in the Production of Pharmaceutical Building Blocks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9933. [PMID: 36077332 PMCID: PMC9456414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes involving lipases in obtaining active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are crucial to increase the sustainability of the industry. Despite their lower production cost, microbial lipases are striking for their versatile catalyzing reactions beyond their physiological role. In the context of taking advantage of microbial lipases in reactions for the synthesis of API building blocks, this review focuses on: (i) the structural origins of the catalytic properties of microbial lipases, including the results of techniques such as single particle monitoring (SPT) and the description of its selectivity beyond the Kazlauskas rule as the "Mirror-Image Packing" or the "Key Region(s) rule influencing enantioselectivity" (KRIE); (ii) immobilization methods given the conferred operative advantages in industrial applications and their modulating capacity of lipase properties; and (iii) a comprehensive description of microbial lipases use as a conventional or promiscuous catalyst in key reactions in the organic synthesis (Knoevenagel condensation, Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reactions, Markovnikov additions, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, racemization, among others). Finally, this review will also focus on a research perspective necessary to increase microbial lipases application development towards a greener industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación de Materiales Porosos (GIMPOAT), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague 730001, Colombia
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Altering the Chain Length Specificity of a Lipase from Pleurotus citrinopileatus for the Application in Cheese Making. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172608. [PMID: 36076794 PMCID: PMC9455245 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional cheese making, pregastric lipolytic enzymes of animal origin are used for the acceleration of ripening and the formation of spicy flavor compounds. Especially for cheese specialities, such as Pecorino, Provolone, or Feta, pregastric esterases (PGE) play an important role. A lipase from Pleurotus citrinopileatus could serve as a substitute for these animal-derived enzymes, thus offering vegetarian, kosher, and halal alternatives. However, the hydrolytic activity of this enzyme towards long-chain fatty acids is slightly too high, which may lead to off-flavors during long-term ripening. Therefore, an optimization via protein engineering (PE) was performed by changing the specificity towards medium-chain fatty acids. With a semi-rational design, possible mutants at eight different positions were created and analyzed in silico. Heterologous expression was performed for 24 predicted mutants, of which 18 caused a change in the hydrolysis profile. Three mutants (F91L, L302G, and L305A) were used in application tests to produce Feta-type brine cheese. The sensory analyses showed promising results for cheeses prepared with the L305A mutant, and SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatile free fatty acids supported these findings. Therefore, altering the chain length specificity via PE becomes a powerful tool for the replacement of PGEs in cheese making.
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of both enantiomers of propafenone hydrochloride through lipase-catalyzed process. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Domingues O, Remonatto D, dos Santos LK, Galán JPM, Flumignan DL, de Paula AV. Evaluation of Candida rugosa Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles in Enzymatic/Chemical Hydroesterification for Biodiesel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5419-5442. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Guimarães JR, Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Tardioli PW, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of immobilized lipases by treatment with metallic phosphate salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Costa-Silva T, Carvalho A, Souza C, Freitas L, De Castro H, Oliveira W. Highly effective Candida rugosa lipase immobilization on renewable carriers: integrated drying and immobilization process to improve enzyme performance. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Coimmobilization of lipases exhibiting three very different stability ranges. Reuse of the active enzymes and selective discarding of the inactivated ones. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:580-590. [PMID: 35218810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) have been coimmobilized on octyl and octyl-Asp agarose beads. CALB was much more stable than CRL, that was significantly more stable than RML. This forces the user to discard immobilized CALB and CRL when only RML has been inactivated, or immobilized CALB when CRL have been inactivated. To solve this problem, a new strategy has been proposed using three different immobilization protocols. CALB was covalently immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose and blocked with Asp. Then, CRL was immobilized via interfacial activation. After coating both immobilized enzymes with polyethylenimine, RML could be immobilized via ion exchange. That way, by incubating in ammonium sulfate solutions, inactivated RML could be released enabling the reuse of coimmobilized CRL and CALB to build a new combi-lipase. Incubating in triton and ammonium sulfate solutions, it was possible to release inactivated CRL and RML, enabling the reuse of immobilized CALB when CRL was inactivated. These cycles could be repeated for 3 full cycles, maintaining the activity of the active and immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Abstract
Lipases are versatile enzymes widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. They are green biocatalysts with a high potential for industrial use compared to traditional chemical methods. In recent years, lipases have been used to synthesize a wide variety of molecules of industrial interest, and extraordinary results have been reported. In this sense, this review describes the important role of lipases in the synthesis of phytosterol esters, which have attracted the scientific community’s attention due to their beneficial effects on health. A systematic search for articles and patents published in the last 20 years with the terms “phytosterol AND esters AND lipase” was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, and the results showed that Candida rugosa lipases are the most relevant biocatalysts for the production of phytosterol esters, being used in more than 50% of the studies. The optimal temperature and time for the enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters mainly ranged from 30 to 101 °C and from 1 to 72 h. The esterification yield was greater than 90% for most analyzed studies. Therefore, this manuscript presents the new technological approaches and the gaps that need to be filled by future studies so that the enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters is widely developed.
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18
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Vetrano A, Gabriele F, Germani R, Spreti N. Characterization of lipase from Candida rugosa entrapped in alginate beads to enhance its thermal stability and recyclability. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a simple method to efficiently immobilize lipase ensuring its stability and activity in water even at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vetrano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Gabriele
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Spreti
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio – Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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19
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Yang W, Liang W, O’Dell LA, Toop HD, Maddigan N, Zhang X, Kochubei A, Doonan CJ, Jiang Y, Huang J. Insights into the Interaction between Immobilized Biocatalysts and Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Case Study of PCN-333. JACS AU 2021; 1:2172-2181. [PMID: 34977888 PMCID: PMC8715483 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of enzymes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with preserved biofunctionality paves a promising way to solve problems regarding the stability and reusability of enzymes. However, the rational design of MOF-based biocomposites remains a considerable challenge as very little is known about the state of the enzyme, the MOF support, and their host-guest interactions upon immobilization. In this study, we elucidate the detailed host-guest interaction for MOF immobilized enzymes in the biointerface. Two enzymes with different sizes, lipase and insulin, have been immobilized in a mesoporous PCN-333(Al) MOF. The dynamic changes of local structures of the MOF host and enzyme guests have been experimentally revealed for the existence of the confinement effect to enzymes and van der Waals interaction in the biointerface between the aluminum oxo-cluster of the PCN-333 and the -NH2 species of enzymes. This kind of host-guest interaction renders the immobilization of enzymes in PCN-333 with high affinity and highly preserved enzymatic bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, the University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Weibin Liang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, the University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luke A. O’Dell
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Hamish D. Toop
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Natasha Maddigan
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Xingmo Zhang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, the University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alena Kochubei
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christian J. Doonan
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, the University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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20
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Chemo-Enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Facilitated with Lipases Immobilized in the Supported Ionic Liquid Phase. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133443. [PMID: 34206178 PMCID: PMC8269471 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for chemo-enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones in the presence of supported ionic liquid-like phase biocatalyst was designed. In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were applied as a support for ionic liquids which were anchored to nanotubes covalently by amide or imine bonds. Next, lipases B from Candida antarctica, Candida rugosa, or Aspergillus oryzae were immobilized on the prepared materials. The biocatalysts were characterized using various techniques, like thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, XPS, elemental analysis, and SEM-EDS microscopy. In the proposed approach, a biocatalyst consisting of a lipase as an active phase allowed the generation of peracid in situ from the corresponding precursor and a green oxidant–hydrogen peroxide. The activity and stability of the obtained biocatalysts in the model oxidation of 2-adamantanone were demonstrated. High conversion of substrate (92%) was achieved under favorable conditions (toluene: n-octanoic acid ratio 1:1 = v:v, 35% aq. H2O2 2 eq., 0.080 g of biocatalyst per 1 mmol of ketone at 20 °C, reaction time 4 h) with four reaction cycles without a drop in its activity. Our ‘properties-by-design’ approach is distinguished by its short reaction time at low temperature and higher thermal stability in comparison with other biocatalysts presented in the literature reports.
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21
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Takenaka S, Ogawa C, Uemura M, Umeki T, Kimura Y, Yokota S, Doi M. Identification and characterization of extracellular enzymes secreted by Aspergillus spp. involved in lipolysis and lipid-antioxidation during katsuobushi fermentation and ripening. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 353:109299. [PMID: 34153828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild-flavored soup stock made from katsuobushi is an important element of traditional Japanese cuisine and is the basic seasoning responsible for the taste. Fermented and ripened katsuobushi, known as karebushi, is manufactured by simmering skipjack tuna that is then smoke-dried, fermented, and ripened in a repeated molding process by five dominant Aspergillus species. Here, our aim was to characterize and identify the lipolytic enzymes secreted by the dominant Aspergillus species, especially A. chevalieri and A. pseudoglaucus, which are involved in hydrolyzing lipids during the molding process. The crude enzyme preparations from the five Aspergillus spp. cultivated on katsuobushi solid medium hydrolyzed triglycerides in fish oil, and more saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1) were produced than major polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:5, C22:6). On the basis of ion exchange chromatograms, the composition of the lipolytic enzymes was different in the five species. There was at least one active fraction with high hydrolytic activity toward fish oil in four of the Aspergillus spp., but not A. sydowii; the lipolytic enzyme secreted by A. sydowii had quite high activity toward the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate, but low activity toward the natural oil. The lipolytic fractions from A. chevalieri and A. pseudoglaucus were further purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography then gel-filtration chromatography; LC-MS-MS Mascot analysis identified a variety of lipolytic enzymes, including cutinase, esterase, phospholipase, and carboxyl esterase in the lipolytic fractions from these species. The identified enzymes had 30%-70% identity to previously reported or manually annotated lipases or esterases from taxa other than Aspergillus. The different lipolytic enzymes likely acted on triglycerides in the katsuobushi fish oil. Furthermore, catalase B and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, which limit oxidative damage of lipids, were also identified. These antioxidant enzymes may prevent lipid oxidation and rancidity as the lipolytic enzymes hydrolyze lipids during the long fermentation and ripening process. Umami and richness tastes tended to increase in extracts from culture of protease- and peptidase-producing A. sydowii. Our results will aid in the selection and application of desirable strains of Aspergillus species as starter cultures to improve the storage and quality of fermented and ripened karebushi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takenaka
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Ogawa
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Uemura
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Umeki
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoko Yokota
- Marutomo Co., Ltd., 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192, Japan
| | - Mikiharu Doi
- Marutomo Co., Ltd., 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192, Japan
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22
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Schwaighofer A, Akhgar CK, Lendl B. Broadband laser-based mid-IR spectroscopy for analysis of proteins and monitoring of enzyme activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119563. [PMID: 33621933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based infrared (IR) spectroscopy is an emerging key technology for the analysis of solutes and for real-time reaction monitoring in liquids. Larger applicable pathlengths compared to the traditional gold standard Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy enable robust measurements of analytes in a strongly absorbing matrix such as water. Recent advancements in laser development also provide large accessible spectral coverage thus overcoming an inherent drawback of laser-based IR spectroscopy. In this work, we benchmark a commercial room temperature operated broadband external cavity-quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-IR spectrometer with a spectral coverage of 400 cm-1 against FTIR spectroscopy and showcase its application for measuring the secondary structure of proteins in water, and for monitoring the lipase-catalyzed saponification of triacetin. Regarding the obtained limit of detection (LOD), the laser-based spectrometer compared well to a research-grade FTIR spectrometer employing a liquid nitrogen cooled detector. With respect to a routine FTIR spectrometer equipped with a room temperature operated pyroelectric detector, a 15-fold increase in LOD was obtained in the spectral range of 1600-1700 cm-1. Characteristic spectral features in the amide I and amide II region of three representative proteins with different secondary structures could be measured at concentrations as low as 0.25 mg mL-1. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triacetin by lipase was monitored, demonstrating the advantage of a broad spectral coverage for following complex chemical reactions. The obtained results in combination with the portability and small footprint of the employed spectrometer opens a wide range of future applications in protein analysis and industrial process control, which cannot be readily met by FTIR spectroscopy without recurring to liquid nitrogen cooled detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwaighofer
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher K Akhgar
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Abstract
Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes whose physiological role is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into fatty acids. They are the most studied and industrially interesting enzymes, thanks to their versatility to promote a plethora of reactions on a wide range of substrates. In fact, depending on the reaction conditions, they can also catalyze synthesis reactions, such as esterification, acidolysis and transesterification. The latter is particularly important for biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats or vegetable oils and is considered as a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy source. The use of lipases as industrial catalysts is subordinated to their immobilization on insoluble supports, to allow multiple uses and use in continuous processes, but also to stabilize the enzyme, intrinsically prone to denaturation with consequent loss of activity. Among the materials that can be used for lipase immobilization, mesoporous silica nanoparticles represent a good choice due to the combination of thermal and mechanical stability with controlled textural characteristics. Moreover, the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allows for easy chemical surface functionalization. This latter aspect has the main importance since lipases have a high affinity with hydrophobic supports. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the recent progress of lipase immobilization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a focus on biodiesel production.
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24
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Fernandes AJ, Bredda EH, Da Rós PCM, Pereira EB. Sustainable Enzymatic Approach for the Production of Essential Fatty Acid Based on Coffee Oil Hydrolysis. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Abstract
In this study, we overcame the limitations of single-enzyme system catalysis by codisplaying Candida rugosa lipase 1 (CRL1) and Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) on the cell surfaces of the whole-cell catalyst Pichia pastoris to produce biodiesel from tallow seed oil. We screened double antibiotic-resistant strains on tributyrin plates, performed second electroporation based on single-displayed ROL on GS115/KpRS recombinants and single-displayed CRL1 on GS115/ZCS recombinants and obtained an ROL/CRL1 codisplay on P. pastoris GS115 surfaces. The maximum activity of the codisplaying GS115/pRCS recombinant was 470.59 U/g dried cells, which was 3.9-fold and 1.3-fold higher than that of single-displayed ROL and CRL1, respectively. When self-immobilized lipases were used as whole-cell catalysts, the rate of methyl ester production from GS115/pRCS harboring ROL and CRL1 was 1.4-fold higher than that obtained with single-displayed ROL. Therefore, biodiesel catalysis by synergetic codisplayed enzymes is an alternative biodiesel production strategy.
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26
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Skoczinski P, Espinoza Cangahuala MK, Maniar D, Loos K. Enzymatic transesterification of urethane-bond containing ester. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere we demonstrate the feasibility and successful application of enzymes in polyurethane network synthesis as well as occurring hurdles that have to be addressed when using urethanes synthesis substrates. The enzymatic transesterification of an urethane-bond containing monofunctional ester and a model alcohol carbitol using lipases is discussed. The reaction is optimized in terms of transesterification time and temperature, the reaction solvent, the possibility of a cosolvent and the alcohol amount, the used transesterification environment, and the biocatalyst. Enzymatic cross-linking of polyurethanes can open up a pool of new possibilities for cross-linking and related polyurethane network properties due to the enzymes high enantio-, stereo-, and regioselectivity and broad substrate spectrum.
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27
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Rodríguez-Salarichs J, García de Lacoba M, Prieto A, Martínez MJ, Barriuso J. Versatile Lipases from the Candida rugosa-like Family: A Mechanistic Insight Using Computational Approaches. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:913-920. [PMID: 33555857 PMCID: PMC8479805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lipases
are enzymes able to catalyze the hydrolysis or synthesis
of triglycerides, depending on the reaction conditions, whereas sterol
esterases show the same ability on sterol esters. Structurally, both
kinds of enzymes display an α/β-hydrolase fold, with a
substrate-binding pocket formed by a hydrophobic cavity covered by
a mobile lid. However, it has been reported that some lipases from
the Candida rugosa-like family display
wide substrate specificity on both triglycerides and sterol esters.
Among them, enzymes with different biotechnological applications,
such as the lipase isoenzymes produced by C. rugosa and the sterol esterase from Ophiostoma piceae, have been exhaustively characterized and their crystal structures
are available. Differences in substrate affinity among these proteins
have been attributed to changes in their hydrophobicity. In this work,
we analyzed the full catalytic mechanisms of these proteins using
molecular dynamics tools, gaining insight into their mechanistic properties.
In addition, we developed an in silico protocol to
predict the substrate specificity using C. rugosa and O. piceae lipases as model enzymes
and triglycerides and cholesterol esters with different fatty acid
chain lengths as model substrates. The protocol was validated by comparing
the in silico results with those described in the
literature. These results would be useful to perform virtual screening
of substrates for enzymes of the C. rugosa-like family with unknown catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Salarichs
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases via interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports: Production of biocatalysts libraries by altering the immobilization conditions. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Make proper surfaces for immobilization of enzymes: Immobilization of lipase and α-amylase on modified Na-sepiolite. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Sustainable Lipase Production by Diutina rugosa NRRL Y-95 Through a Combined Use of Agro-Industrial Residues as Feedstock. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:589-605. [PMID: 33043398 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of alternative culture media towards the development of a sustainable bioprocess to produce lipases by Diutina rugosa is clearly demonstrated. First, a synthetic medium containing glucose, peptone, yeast extract, oleic acid, and ammonium sulfate was proposed, with lipase activity of 143 U/L. Then, alternative culture media formulated with agro-industrial residues, such as molasses, corn steep liquor (CSL), and olive mill waste (OMW), were investigated. An experimental design was conducted, and only CSL concentration was found to have a positive effect in lipase production. The highest lipase activity (561 U/L) was produced on a mixture of molasses (5 g/L), CSL (6 g/L), OMW (0.5% v/v), 0.5 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and 3 g/L of peptone at 24 h of cultivation. Lipase production was also carried out in a 1-L bioreactor leading to a slightly higher lipase activity at 24 h of cultivation. The semi-purified enzyme exhibits an optimum temperature and pH of 40 °C and 7.0, respectively. Finally, the media cost per unit of lipase produced (UPC) was influenced by the medium components, specially by the inducer used. The lowest UPC was obtained when the agro-industrial residues were combined and used at the improved concentrations.
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31
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Kurtovic I, Nalder TD, Cleaver H, Marshall SN. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on a highly hydrophobic support: A stable immobilised lipase suitable for non-aqueous synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00535. [PMID: 33088731 PMCID: PMC7566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL) was immobilised on highly hydrophobic, octadecyl methacrylate resin (Lifetech™ ECR8806M) via interfacial adsorption. The aim was to produce a stable biocatalyst suitable for use in a range of lipid-modifying reactions. Immobilisation was carried out in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) over 24 h at 21 °C. High protein binding of 58.7 ± 4.9 mg/g dry support accounted for ∼53 % of the applied protein. The activity recovery against tributyrin was 74.0 ± 1.1 %. The specific activity of immobilised CrL against tributyrin was considerably higher than that of Novozym® 435, at 1.79 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.04 U/mg bound protein, respectively. Incubation with high concentrations (10 % w/v) of both Triton X-100 and SDS resulted in only a small reduction in immobilised lipase activity. Solvent-free synthesis of glycerides by the FFA-saturated immobilised CrL was successful over 6 reaction cycles, with no apparent loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Nalder
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cleaver
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Susan N Marshall
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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32
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Teng Y, Stewart SG, Hai YW, Li X, Banwell MG, Lan P. Sucrose fatty acid esters: synthesis, emulsifying capacities, biological activities and structure-property profiles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3297-3317. [PMID: 32746632 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The notable physical and chemical properties of sucrose fatty acid esters have prompted their use in the chemical industry, especially as surfactants, since 1939. Recently, their now well-recognized value as nutraceuticals and as additives in cosmetics has significantly increased demand for ready access to them. As such a review of current methods for the preparation of sucrose fatty acid esters by both chemical and enzymatic means is warranted and is presented here together with an account of the historical development of these compounds as surfactants (emulsifiers). The somewhat belated recognition of the antimicrobial, anticancer and insecticidal activities of sucrose esters is also discussed along with a commentary on their structure-property profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglai Teng
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Wen Hai
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Binhayeeding N, Yunu T, Pichid N, Klomklao S, Sangkharak K. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on polyhydroxybutyrate via a combination of adsorption and cross-linking agents to enhance acylglycerol production. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Silva LN, de Mello TP, de Souza Ramos L, Branquinha MH, Dos Santos ALS. New and Promising Chemotherapeutics for Emerging Infections Involving Drug-resistant Non-albicans Candida Species. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2527-2553. [PMID: 31654512 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191025152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a veritable public health problem worldwide. The increasing number of patient populations at risk (e.g. transplanted individuals, cancer patients, and HIV-infected people), as well as the use of antifungal agents for prophylaxis in medicine, have favored the emergence of previously rare or newly identified fungal species. Indeed, novel antifungal resistance patterns have been observed, including environmental sources and the emergence of simultaneous resistance to different antifungal classes, especially in Candida spp., which are known for the multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile. In order to circumvent this alarming scenario, the international researchers' community is engaged in discovering new, potent, and promising compounds to be used in a near future to treat resistant fungal infections in hospital settings on a global scale. In this context, many compounds with antifungal action from both natural and synthetic sources are currently under clinical development, including those that target either ergosterol or β(1,3)-D-glucan, presenting clear evidence of pharmacologic/pharmacokinetic advantages over currently available drugs against these two well-known fungal target structures. Among these are the tetrazoles VT-1129, VT-1161, and VT-1598, the echinocandin CD101, and the glucan synthase inhibitor SCY-078. In this review, we compiled the most recent antifungal compounds that are currently in clinical trials of development and described the potential outcomes against emerging and rare Candida species, with a focus on C. auris, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. haemulonii, and C. rugosa. In addition to possibly overcoming the limitations of currently available antifungals, new investigational chemical agents that can enhance the classic antifungal activity, thereby reversing previously resistant phenotypes, were also highlighted. While novel and increasingly MDR non-albicans Candida species continue to emerge worldwide, novel strategies for rapid identification and treatment are needed to combat these life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nunes Silva
- Laboratorio de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Pereira de Mello
- Laboratorio de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Souza Ramos
- Laboratorio de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Helena Branquinha
- Laboratorio de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Sustainable Enzymatic Synthesis of a Solketal Ester—Process Optimization and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Activity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims the enzymatic synthesis of solketal palmitate by esterification between solketal and palmitic acid using heptane as solvent. Lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Candida rugosa type VII (CRL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) were immobilized via interfacial activation on rice husk silica functionalized with triethoxy(octyl)silane (Octyl–SiO2) and used as biocatalysts. A loading of 20–22 mg of lipase/g of support was immobilized independently of the studied enzyme. TLL–Octyl–SiO2 was the most active biocatalyst in oil hydrolysis (656.0 ± 23.9 U/g) and ester synthesis (productivity of 6.8 mmol/min.gbiocat), and it has been chosen for further ester synthesis optimization. The effect of some important parameters such as biocatalyst concentration, reaction temperature and acid:alcohol molar ratio on the reaction has been evaluated using a central composite rotatable design at fixed mechanical stirring (240 rpm) and reaction time (15 min). Subsequently, the effect of reactants concentration and molecular sieve concentration has also been examined. Under optimal conditions (56 °C, acid:alcohol molar ratio of 1:3 with a palmitic acid concentration of 1 M, and 20% wt. of TLL–Octyl–SiO2 per volume of reaction mixture), 83% acid conversion was obtained after 150 min of reaction. The biocatalyst retained 87% of its initial activity after seven successive reaction batches. The product was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Antimicrobial activity studies showed that the synthesized ester demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 200 and 400 µg/mL, and bacteriostatic/fungistatic action—minimum microbicial concentration (MMC) > 400 µg/mL.
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Korany AH, Abouhmad A, Bakeer W, Essam T, Amin MA, Hatti-Kaul R, Dishisha T. Comparative Structural Analysis of Different Mycobacteriophage-Derived Mycolylarabinogalactan Esterases (Lysin B). Biomolecules 2019; 10:E45. [PMID: 31892223 PMCID: PMC7022511 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriophage endolysins have emerged as a potential alternative to the current antimycobacterial agents. This study focuses on mycolylarabinogalactan hydrolase (LysB) enzymes of the α/β-hydrolase family, which disrupt the unique mycolic acid layer of mycobacterium cell wall. Multiple sequence alignment and structural analysis studies showed LysB-D29, the only enzyme with a solved three-dimensional structure, to share several common features with esterases (lacking lid domain) and lipases (acting on long chain lipids). Sequence and structural comparisons of 30 LysB homology models showed great variation in domain organizations and total protein length with major differences in the loop-5 motif harboring the catalytic histidine residue. Docking of different p-nitrophenyl ligands (C4-C18) to LysB-3D models revealed that the differences in length and residues of loop-5 contributed towards wide diversity of active site conformations (long tunnels, deep and superficial funnels, shallow bowls, and a narrow buried cave) resembling that of lipases, cutinases, and esterases. A set of seven LysB enzymes were recombinantly produced; their activity against p-nitrophenyl esters could be related to their active site conformation and acyl binding site. LysB-D29 (long tunnel) showed the highest activity with long chain p-nitrophenyl palmitate followed by LysB-Omega (shallow bowl) and LysB-Saal (deep funnel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Korany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.H.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Adel Abouhmad
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Walid Bakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.H.K.); (W.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 26511, Egypt;
| | - Tamer Essam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (T.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Magdy A. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (T.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 26511, Egypt;
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Elias N, Wahab RA, Chandren S, Abdul Razak FI, Jamalis J. Effect of operative variables and kinetic study of butyl butyrate synthesis by Candida rugosa lipase activated by chitosan-reinforced nanocellulose derived from raw oil palm leaves. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 130:109367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Hao Y, Zheng X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Lin Y, Liang S. Combined strategies for engineering a novel whole-cell biocatalyst of Candida rugosa lipase with improved characteristics. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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39
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Release of sugars and fatty acids from heavy oil biodegradation by common hydrolytic enzymes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15584. [PMID: 31666548 PMCID: PMC6821806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recent advances in understanding relating to the remarkable persistence of soil organic matter during burial and diagenesis, we examine the extent to which bitumen compositionally reflects the soil organic matter from which it was derived. Through a simple set of experiments, exposure of bitumen to lipase and cellulase, two enzymes effective in the biodegradation of soil organic matter, resulted in the release of glycerin, palmitic and oleic fatty acids from lipase digestion in addition to the release of glucose, alkylphenols and acyclic polyols from fermentation with cellulase, consistent with the products expected these enzymes. These results are significant in that they suggest that heavy oils are more similar to their soil precursor than previously thought, that biodegradation of bitumen can be accelerated using common over the counter enzymes in aerobic conditions and that heavy oils, which are 1000 times more abundant than coal, can release similar biomolecules as those generated in bioreactor culture or biomass harvest, using two of the most abundantly produced enzymes presently available.
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40
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Rós PCM, Menezes TK, Bredda EH, Silva MB, Castro HF. Microalgae as a Feedstock for Sustainable Fatty Acids: Factorial Design Study. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Caroline Molgero Rós
- University of São PauloEngineering School of Lorena, Chemical Engineering Department Campinho Municipal Road w/n, Lorena 12.602-810 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Talitha Kühn Menezes
- University of São PauloEngineering School of Lorena, Chemical Engineering Department Campinho Municipal Road w/n, Lorena 12.602-810 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique Bredda
- State University Julio Mesquita FilhoEngineering Faculty of Guaratinguetá, Production Engineering Department Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha Avenue, 333, Guaratinguetá 12.516-410 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Messias Borges Silva
- University of São PauloEngineering School of Lorena, Chemical Engineering Department Campinho Municipal Road w/n, Lorena 12.602-810 São Paulo Brazil
- State University Julio Mesquita FilhoEngineering Faculty of Guaratinguetá, Production Engineering Department Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha Avenue, 333, Guaratinguetá 12.516-410 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Heizir Ferreira Castro
- University of São PauloEngineering School of Lorena, Chemical Engineering Department Campinho Municipal Road w/n, Lorena 12.602-810 São Paulo Brazil
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41
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Surface-Displayed Thermostable Candida rugosa Lipase 1 for Docosahexaenoic Acid Enrichment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:218-231. [PMID: 31332676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Yeast surface display has emerged as a viable approach for self-immobilization enzyme as whole-cell catalysts. Herein, we displayed Candida rugosa lipase 1 (CRL LIP1) on the cell wall of Pichia pastoris for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment in algae oil. After a 96-h culture, the displayed CRL LIP1 achieved the highest activity (380 ± 2.8 U/g) for hydrolyzing olive oil under optimal pH (7.5) and temperature (45 °C) conditions. Additionally, we improved the thermal stability of displayed LIP1, enabling retention of 50% of its initial bioactivity following 6 h of incubation at 45 °C. Furthermore, the content of DHA enhanced from 40.61% in original algae oil to 50.44% in glyceride, resulting in a 1.24-fold increase in yield. The displayed CRL LIP1 exhibited an improved thermal stability and a high degree of bioactivity toward its native macromolecule substrates algae oil and olive oil, thereby expanding its potential for industrial applications in fields of food and pharmaceutical. These results suggested that surface display provides an effective strategy for simultaneous convenient expression and target protein immobilization.
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42
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Sun Y. Lipase immobilized to a short alkyl chain-containing zwitterionic polymer grafted on silica nanoparticles: Moderate activation and significant increase of thermal stability. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Montoya AM, Luna-Rodríguez CE, Gracia-Robles G, Rojas OC, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, González GM. In vitro virulence determinants, comparative pathogenicity of Diutina (Candida) mesorugosa clinical isolates and literature review of the D. rugosa complex. Mycologia 2019; 111:395-407. [PMID: 30985256 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1585161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic mycoses by yeasts have increased considerably in the last three decades. Although Candida albicans is considered one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, there is a recent shift to non-albicans Candida species as the most frequently isolated yeasts in particular risk groups. Diutina rugosa (formerly Candida rugosa) is a complex that includes four species: D. rugosa sensu stricto, D. neorugosa, D. pseudorugosa, and D. mesorugosa, and they are estimated to represent 0.2% of all Candida clinical isolates. In this study, we analyze nine clinical isolates of D. mesorugosa with focus on the virulence determinants and pathogenicity of the species by means of a Galleria mellonella survival model. Overall, we detected very strong aspartyl-protease and esterase activities. In contrast, both DNase and hemolysin activities were evident in only two of the isolates. None of the isolates was positive for phospholipase activity. All isolates studied were able to form biofilm after 72 h of incubation in a robust manner when compared with the C. albicans strain used as control. Susceptibility testing showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤1 µg/mL for amphotericin B in all isolates tested. Eight out of nine of the isolates had MICs ≤2 µg/mL for fluconazole. All isolates were resistant to both anidulafungin and caspofungin (MICs ≥1 µg/mL). We found a significant difference (P < 0.0001) amongst the survival curves for the different D. mesorugosa isolates in the Galleria mellonella survival model. Strains HPM309 and H259 produced an acute infection and exhibited the highest virulence, whereas the D. mesorugosa isolates 99-480 and DM17 proved to be the less virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Carolina E Luna-Rodríguez
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Gabriela Gracia-Robles
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Olga C Rojas
- b Departamento de Ciencias Básicas , Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey , San Pedro Garza García , México
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
| | - Gloria M González
- a Departamento de Microbiología , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey , México
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Payá-Tormo L, Rodríguez-Salarichs J, Prieto A, Martínez MJ, Barriuso J. Improvement of the Activity of a Fungal Versatile-Lipase Toward Triglycerides: An in silico Mechanistic Description. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:71. [PMID: 30984756 PMCID: PMC6449727 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some enzymes that belong to the Candida rugosa-like lipase family (abH03. 01) combine the activities of lipases and sterol esterases. Thus, they can act on water-insoluble carboxylic esters releasing long-chain fatty acids but also on sterol esters, although with different activity and affinity. The differences in the catalytic properties among the proteins of this family are explained by small changes in the hydrophobicity of some regions. One of such versatile enzymes is the sterol esterase/lipase from Ophiostoma piceae (OPE) that acts very efficiently on the two types of substrates. Structurally, OPE is characterized by the presence of a lid formed by a α-helix and two 310-helices rich in hydrophobic amino acids. In this study, the ope gene was modified by directed mutagenesis in order to change specific amino acids in the lid region to modify its structure with the aim of increasing its hydrophobicity. Several recombinant forms of OPE were heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris. In silico molecular dynamics simulations have been used to decipher the mechanistic principles behind the improvements in substrate catalysis. The analyses suggested that the enhanced activity toward hydrophobic substrates such as triglycerides could be due to a better stabilization of the substrate in the lid region as a result of an increased hydrophobicity and an improved topology. These results indicate that in silico simulations can be useful for the optimization of the activity of lipases from the C. rugose-like family for different biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Payá-Tormo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Hadadi M, Habibi A. Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a sustainable catalyst for production of natural epoxides. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Gonçalves MCP, Kieckbusch TG, Perna RF, Fujimoto JT, Morales SAV, Romanelli JP. Trends on enzyme immobilization researches based on bibliometric analysis. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Chen Y, Cheong LZ, Zhao J, Panpipat W, Wang Z, Li Y, Lu C, Zhou J, Su X. Lipase-catalyzed selective enrichment of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in acylglycerols of cod liver and linseed oils: Modeling the binding affinity of lipases and fatty acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:261-268. [PMID: 30423396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present study employed molecular modeling method to elucidate the binding affinity of lipases with fatty acids of different chain lengths; and investigated the effects of lipases positional and fatty acids specificity on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) enrichment in cod liver and linseed oils. Among the lipases studied, molecular modeling showed the active sites of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) had a low C-Docker interactive energy for saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids which predicted CRL to have highest preferences to selectively hydrolyze resulting in efficient enrichment of ω-3 PUFAs. Verification experiments showed the SFA and MUFA in the acylglycerol fraction includes monoacylglcyerols (MAG), diacyglycerols (DAG), and triacylglycerols (TAG) of CRL-hydrolyzed cod liver oil decreased from the initial 25.21 to 16.88% and 45.25 to 32.17%, respectively. In addition, CRL-hydrolyzed cod liver oil demonstrated 88.36% of ω-3 PUFAs enrichment. The regio-distribution of fatty acids in CRL-hydrolyzed cod liver oil were not significantly different than that of cod liver oil indicating the ω-3 PUFAs enrichment was due to fatty acids selectivity and not positional selectivity of CRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiahe Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Agro-Industry, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Zhipan Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Zorn K, Oroz‐Guinea I, Brundiek H, Dörr M, Bornscheuer UT. Alteration of Chain Length Selectivity of Candida antarctica Lipase A by Semi-Rational Design for the Enrichment of Erucic and Gondoic Fatty Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2018; 360:4115-4131. [PMID: 30555288 PMCID: PMC6283244 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological strategies using renewable materials as starting substrates are a promising alternative to traditional oleochemical processes for the isolation of different fatty acids. Among them, long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids are especially interesting in industrial lipid modification, since they are precursors of several economically relevant products, including detergents, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an enzymatic method in order to increase the percentage of long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids from Camelina and Crambe oil ethyl ester derivatives, by using selective lipases. Specifically, the focus was on the enrichment of gondoic (C20:1 cisΔ11) and erucic acid (C22:1 cisΔ13) from Camelina and Crambe oil derivatives, respectively. The pursuit of this goal entailed several steps, including: (i) the choice of a suitable lipase scaffold to serve as a protein engineering template (Candida antarctica lipase A); (ii) the identification of potential amino acid targets to disrupt the binding tunnel at the adequate location; (iii) the design, creation and high-throughput screening of lipase mutant libraries; (iv) the study of the selectivity towards different chain length p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters of the best hits found, as well as the analysis of the contribution of each amino acid change and the outcome of combining several of the aforementioned residue alterations and, finally, (v) the selection and application of the most promising candidates for the fatty acid enrichment biocatalysis. As a result, enrichment of C22:1 from Crambe ethyl esters was achieved either, in the free fatty acid fraction (wt, 78%) or in the esterified fraction (variants V1, 77%; V9, 78% and V19, 74%). Concerning the enrichment of C20:1 when Camelina oil ethyl esters were used as substrate, the best variant was the single mutant V290W, which doubled its content in the esterified fraction from approximately 15% to 34%. A moderately lower increase was achieved by V9 and its two derived triple mutant variants V19 and V20 (27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zorn
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Isabel Oroz‐Guinea
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Mark Dörr
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
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Qu W, Yuan D, Zhao L, Zong W, Liu R. Exploring the binding interaction between copper ions and Candida rugosa lipase. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1100-1107. [PMID: 30542604 PMCID: PMC6249630 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide range of applications of copper have caused widespread concern about its toxicity. However, few studies have reported the mechanism of the binding interaction between copper ions and digestive enzymes, which play an important role in physiological health and industrial production. In this study, the effects of copper ions on the conformation and activity of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) were evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), multiple spectral techniques, molecular simulation and enzyme activity assays. The results showed that copper ions can be combined with lipase, the binding affinity constant (K) was (2.91 ± 0.619) × 10-3 M-1, the binding process was a spontaneous process, and the main force was the hydrophobic force. Rather than increasing the hydrophobicity of the amino acid microenvironment of CRL, the spectral methods demonstrated that copper can also make the protein peptide bond structure compact, changing its secondary structure. In addition, molecular simulation results showed that copper ions opened the "lid" of the CRL and entered the active center, which consequently changed the conformation of the CRL molecule. Structural changes may cause changes in enzyme activity. The increased activity of CRL with the addition of copper ions was verified by enzyme activity assay. In summary, copper showed an effect on CRL at the molecular level, which means its toxicity should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong Province , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-531-88365489
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qilu Normal University , Jinan 250013 , P.R. China
| | - Lining Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong Province , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-531-88365489
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population , Resources and Environment , Shandong Normal University , 88# East Wenhua Road , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong Province , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-531-88365489
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50
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Schmidt M, Breite D, Thomas I, Went M, Prager A, Schulze A. Polymer membranes for active degradation of complex fouling mixtures. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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