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Morais LV, dos Santos SN, Gomes TH, Malta Romano C, Colombo-Souza P, Amaral JB, Shio MT, Neves LM, Bachi ALL, França CN, Nali LHDS. Acute strength exercise training impacts differently the HERV-W expression and inflammatory biomarkers in resistance exercise training individuals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303798. [PMID: 38753716 PMCID: PMC11098355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are fossil viruses that composes 8% of the human genome and plays several important roles in human physiology, including muscle repair/myogenesis. It is believed that inflammation may also regulate HERV expression, and therefore may contribute in the muscle repair, especially after training exercise. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of HERVs expression and inflammation profile in practitioners' resistance exercises after an acute strength training session. METHODS Healthy volunteers were separated in regular practitioners of resistance exercise training group (REG, n = 27) and non-trained individuals (Control Group, n = 20). All individuals performed a strength exercise section. Blood samples were collected before the exercise (T0) and 45 minutes after the training session (T1). HERV-K (HML1-10) and W were relatively quantified, cytokine concentration and circulating microparticles were assessed. RESULTS REG presented higher level of HERV-W expression (~2.5 fold change) than CG at T1 (p<0.01). No difference was observed in the levels of HERV-K expression between the groups as well as the time points. Higher serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels were verified post-training session in REG and CG (p<0.01), and in REG was found a positive correlation between the levels of TNF-α at T1 and IL-10 at T0 (p = 0.01). Finally, a lower endothelial microparticle percentage was observed in REG at T1 than in T0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION REG individuals exhibited a significant upregulation of HERV-W and modulation of inflammatory markers when compared to CG. This combined effect could potentially support the process of skeletal muscle repair in the exercised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vinicius Morais
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tabatah Hellen Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) LIM-52, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jonatas Bussador Amaral
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Tiemi Shio
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Deguchi M, Homma H, de Almeida KY, Kozuma A, Saito M, Tsuchiya Y, Kouzaki K, Ochi E, Okamoto T, Nakazato K, Kikuchi N. Association of MMP3 gene polymorphism and sex on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:527-533. [PMID: 37471217 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00333.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise may be influenced by sex and genotype. A candidate genetic polymorphism associated with response during muscle recovery is the MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism, encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3). Here, we investigated the effect of the MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism and sex on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise. A total of 95 healthy subjects (50 men and 45 women) performed five sets of six maximal eccentric elbow flexion exercises. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion (ROM), and muscle soreness, as well as blood parameters [creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], were assessed immediately before and after and 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after eccentric exercise. No significant time × group interaction in MVC torque after exercise was observed between groups in both sexes. Furthermore, sex differences were identified in the area under the curves (AUC) of CK and IL-6, both of which were higher in men than those in women. A significant genotype-sex interaction was identified in the recovery of MVC, calculated by subtracting the MVC immediately after exercise from the MVC on day 5 after eccentric exercise. The G allele showed a significantly lower recovery of MVC than the AA genotype in men. However, no significant differences were observed in women. This study demonstrated the interaction between the MMP3 rs522616 polymorphism and sex in recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences were identified in the AUC of creatin kinase (CK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after eccentric exercise, both of which were greater in men. A genotype-sex interaction was identified in recovery of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The G allele showed a significantly lower recovery of MVC than AA genotype in men. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the interaction between MMP3 gene rs522616 polymorphism and sex difference on recovery of muscle strength after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Deguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Homma
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathleen Y de Almeida
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kozuma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Saito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liao YH, Chan YH, Chen H, Yu AE, Sun LH, Yao WJ, Yu L. Stress while lacking of control induces ventral hippocampal autophagic flux hyperactivity and a depression-like behavior. Biomed J 2022; 45:896-906. [PMID: 34971825 PMCID: PMC9795357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressed animals may perform depression-like behavior insomuch as stress-provoking blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, central immune activation, and autophagic flux changes. This study was undertaken to assess whether adult mice having (executive) vs. lacking (yoke) of behavioral control in otherwise equivalent stress magnitude condition, may display differences in their BBB integrity, ventral hippocampal (VH) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and autophagic flux level and VH-related depression-like behavior. To further understand the causative relation of enhanced autophagic flux and stress-primed depression-like behavior, we assessed the effects of bilateral intra-VH 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagic flux inhibitor, infusion in stressed mice. METHODS Adult mice used had comparable genetic background and housing condition. Executive/yoke pairs of mice received a 10-day (1 h/day) footshock stressor regimen. Throughout the regimen, the ongoing footshock was terminated immediately contingent on the executive mouse', while irrelevant to the respective yoke mouse' voluntary behavior, or lasting for 7 s. Each dyad's cage-mate receiving no such regimen served as no stressor controls. RESULTS Yoke mice displayed disrupted BBB integrity (escalated Evans blue extravasation and decreased VH ZO-1, claudin-5 expression), increases in VH autophagic flux (increased LC3II/LC3I and decreased p62) and immobility duration in forced swimming test. Most of these indices remained unaltered in executive mice. Administration of 3-MA did not affect immobility duration in control mice, while prevented the increases in immobility duration in yoke mice. CONCLUSIONS (1) stress susceptibility may be determined by their differences in stress-coping results; (2) VH autophagic flux increase plays a permissive role in priming the stressed animals susceptible to exhibit depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Liao
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anna E. Yu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Yao
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, 539, Zhongxiao Rd., East Dist., Chiayi 600566, Taiwan.
| | - Lung Yu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.
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Lefferts WK, Davis MM, Valentine RJ. Exercise as an Aging Mimetic: A New Perspective on the Mechanisms Behind Exercise as Preventive Medicine Against Age-Related Chronic Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:866792. [PMID: 36045751 PMCID: PMC9420936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related chronic diseases are among the most common causes of mortality and account for a majority of global disease burden. Preventative lifestyle behaviors, such as regular exercise, play a critical role in attenuating chronic disease burden. However, the exact mechanism behind exercise as a form of preventative medicine remains poorly defined. Interestingly, many of the physiological responses to exercise are comparable to aging. This paper explores an overarching hypothesis that exercise protects against aging/age-related chronic disease because the physiological stress of exercise mimics aging. Acute exercise transiently disrupts cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and brain function and triggers a substantial inflammatory response in a manner that mimics aging/age-related chronic disease. Data indicate that select acute exercise responses may be similar in magnitude to changes seen with +10–50 years of aging. The initial insult of the age-mimicking effects of exercise induces beneficial adaptations that serve to attenuate disruption to successive “aging” stimuli (i.e., exercise). Ultimately, these exercise-induced adaptations reduce the subsequent physiological stress incurred from aging and protect against age-related chronic disease. To further examine this hypothesis, future work should more intricately describe the physiological signature of different types/intensities of acute exercise in order to better predict the subsequent adaptation and chronic disease prevention with exercise training in healthy and at-risk populations.
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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Häfner SJ. This is not a pipe - But how harmful is electronic cigarette smoke. Biomed J 2021; 44:227-234. [PMID: 34091092 PMCID: PMC8358191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal tells us about the risks of electronic cigarette smoking, variations of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, and how COVID-19 affects the gastrointestinal system. Moreover, we learn that cancer immunotherapy seems to work well in elderly patients, how thyroid hormones regulate noncoding RNAs in a liver tumour context, and that G6PD is a double-edged sword of redox signalling. We also discover that Perilla leaf extract could inhibit SARS-CoV-2, that artificial neural networks can diagnose COVID-19 patients and predict vaccine epitopes on the Epstein-Barr Virus, and that men and women have differential inflammatory responses to physical effort. Finally, the surgical strategies for drug-resistant epilepsy, computer-supervised double-jaw surgery, dental pulp stem cell motility, and the restitution of the brain blood supply after atherosclerotic stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Julia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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