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Qin C, Yu Q, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Chen M, Wang X, Hu T, Lei B, Yan Z, Cheng S. Causal relationship between the immune cells and ankylosing spondylitis: univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian randomization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345416. [PMID: 38655262 PMCID: PMC11035830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals. Immune cells have been recognized as having a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. However, their relationship has not been fully explored. Methods We chose to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential correlation between immune cells and AS. We sourced the data on immune cells from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We obtained data on AS from the FinnGen consortium. Our comprehensive univariable MR analysis covered 731 immune cells to explore its potential causal relationship with AS. The primary analysis method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW). Additionally, we used Cochran's Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. We examined whether our results could be influenced by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the leave-one-out test. We conducted a bidirectional MR to investigate the reverse relationship. We also applied multivariable MR to decrease the potential influence between the immune cells. Results Overall, our univariable MR analysis revealed eight immune cells associated with AS. Among these, four immune cells contributed to an increased risk of AS, while four immune cells were identified as protective factors for AS. However, the Bonferroni test confirmed only one risk factor and one protective factor with a significance level of p < 6.84E-05. CD8 on effector memory CD8+ T cell could increase the risk of AS (p: 1.2302E-05, OR: 2.9871, 95%CI: 1.8289-4.8786). HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 1.2301E-06, OR: 0.5446, 95%CI: 0.4260-0.6962). We also identified a bidirectional relationship between CD4 on CD39+ activated CD4 regulatory T cells and AS utilizing the bidirectional MR. To address potential confounding among immune cells, we employed multivariable MR analysis, which revealed that only one immune cell had an independent effect on AS. HLA DR on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ could decrease the risk of AS (p: 2.113E-06, OR: 0.0.5423, 95%CI: 0.4210-0.6983). Our findings were consistently stable and reliable. Conclusions Our findings indicated a potential link between immune cells and AS, which could provide a new idea for future research. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: new insights and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:53-72. [PMID: 36229672 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for various solid tumours, but its use is limited by adverse effects in normal tissues. In particular, cisplatin is nephrotoxic and can cause acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Preclinical studies have provided insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which involve intracellular stresses including DNA damage, mitochondrial pathology, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Stress responses, including autophagy, cell-cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, programmed necrosis and inflammation have key roles in the pathogenesis of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In addition, emerging evidence suggests a contribution of epigenetic changes to cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Further research is needed to determine how these pathways are integrated and to identify the cell type-specific roles of critical molecules involved in regulated necrosis, inflammation and epigenetic modifications in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. A number of potential therapeutic targets for cisplatin nephrotoxicity have been identified. However, the effects of renoprotective strategies on the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Further research using tumour-bearing animals, multi-omics and genome-wide association studies will enable a comprehensive understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and potentially lead to the identification of specific targets to protect the kidney without compromising the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
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Kattner AA. One day at a time. Biomed J 2022; 44:S1-S7. [PMID: 35042016 PMCID: PMC8760849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Biomedical Journal we get to know measures to prevent a nosocomial COVID-19 outbreak, a compound that is able to stall SARS-CoV-2 replication, and the connection between air pollution and COVID-19 cases. Another article allows an insight into the potential of treating HIV combining a conventional drug and low level laser therapy. Furthermore, the advantages of awake craniotomy are presented, the efficacy of IRES is examined, and plant extracts are on the one hand explored as a nociceptive agent and on the other hand as therapeutic approach against breast cancer. We learn about drug resistance in liver cancer, a mutation involved in a rare inflammatory disorder, and lung surgery related unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Finally, the success of emergency endotracheal intubations across different hospital units is compared, the importance of monitoring cerebral blood flow in asphyxiated neonates is elucidated, and resistance variants in hepatitis C virus are examined. A study about the necessity to perform quantitative cardiac MRI in Asian population is presented, and an approach is shown on how to augment the effect of platelet-rich plasma injections in chronic knee osteoarthritis.
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Siokas V, Tsouris Z, Aloizou AM, Bakirtzis C, Liampas I, Koutsis G, Anagnostouli M, Bogdanos DP, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. Multiple Sclerosis: Shall We Target CD33? Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1334. [PMID: 33198164 PMCID: PMC7696272 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Myeloid lineage cells (microglia and macrophages) may participate in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to MS. CD33 is a transmembrane receptor, mainly expressed by myeloid lineage cells. CD33 rs3865444 is a promoter variant previously associated with Alzheimer's disease, whose role in MS remains obscure. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of CD33 rs3865444 in MS risk. METHODS We genotyped 1396 patients with MS and 400 healthy controls for the presence of the CD33 rs3865444 variant. Odds ratios (ORs) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated with the SNPStats software, assuming five genetic models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and log-additive), with the G allele as the reference allele. The value of 0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance. RESULTS CD33 rs3865444 was associated with MS risk in the dominant (GG vs. GT + TT; OR (95% C.I.) = 0.79 (0.63-0.99), p = 0.041) and the over-dominant (GG + TT vs. GT; OR (95% C.I.) = 0.77 (0.61-0.97), p = 0.03) modes of inheritance. Given that the GG genotype was more frequent and the GT genotype was less frequent in MS patients compared to controls-while the observed frequency of the TT genotype did not differ between the two groups-the observed difference in MS risk may be stemming from either the GG (as a risk factor) or the GT (as a protective factor) genotype of CD33 rs3865444. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest a possible contribution of CD33 rs3865444 to MS. Therefore, larger multiethnic studies should be conducted, investigating the role of CD33 rs3865444 in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Siokas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, B’ Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias 72-74 Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Anagnostouli
- Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases Unit and Immunogenetics Laboratory, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, B’ Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (Ζ.Τ.); (A.-M.A.); (I.L.); (G.M.H.)
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