Oral manifestation of tuberculosis: a case-report

A case of oral tuberculous ulcer and literature review

Our purpose is to clearly diagnose the tongue and back tuberculosis ulcer through detailed medical history collection combined with examination, so as to provide certain experience for the diagnosis and treatment of oral tuberculosis.

Primary Tuberculosis of Buccal and Labial Mucosa: Literature Review and a Rare Case Report of a Public Health Menace

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatous infectious disorder, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite the recent advancements in antitubercular therapy (ATT), it remains a global public health concern. TB is a leading infectious cause of global mortality, second only to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). TB of the oral cavity is an uncommon occurrence and may be classified as a primary and secondary form. The primary tubercular lesions are extremely rare, as the intact oral squamous epithelium resists the entry of tubercle bacilli. The commonest oral TB lesion is solitary ulceration with undermined edges, usually on the tongue, that does not exhibit healing with conservative therapies. Owing to the atypical presentation, the oral TB lesions often go unnoticed during clinical examination; hence, an oral physician should be familiar with the various oral manifestations of TB. A timely diagnosis coupled with interdisciplinary treatment is the key to combat disease dissemination. This manuscript aims to report a rare case of primary tuberculosis of the buccal and labial mucosa in a 43-year-old immunocompetent male patient. Buccal and labial mucosa are the infrequently affected sites for primary oral TB lesions. A detailed literature search carried out on the Google Scholar and PubMed search engines revealed only fifteen case reports and two case series of primary tuberculosis of the buccal mucosa and labial mucosa.

Oral tuberculosis: An unusual case report

Tubercular Lesions of oral cavity are relatively uncommon and are generally missed in the differential diagnosis before the systemic symptoms become evident. The purpose of this article is to know the varied presentation of tuberculosis in the oral cavity and also highlights the prime role of Oral Pathologist in making the diagnosis of this disease.

Literature review of oral tuberculosis and report of a case with unique histological presentation

As a consequence of the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) and various immuno-compromised states, there is a re-emergence of many forgotten extrapulmonary manifestations of TB including oral TB, which must be taken into consideration while diagnosing oral lesions. The present article discusses the geographical burden, temporal evolution, demographic variables, clinical presentation and treatment of oral TB. The occurrence is most commonly secondary to pulmonary TB but oral symptoms may precede systemic symptoms. The most common presentation is ulceration (71%) and histopathological specimens demonstrate the characteristic epithelioid and langhans cells. In a unique case, presented here, an ulcerative tuberculous gingival lesion demonstrated dense plasma cell infiltration histologically and closely mimicked plasma cell gingivitis which made the diagnosis challenging.

Importance of rapid management in painful progressive ulcerative lesions in elderly immunosuppressed patients: Two case reports

Oral manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are not so frequent, and the lesions may emerge in immunosuppressed patients as a secondary expression of pulmonary TB. The following two case reports focus on the clinical challenge of early diagnosis of painful ulcerative lesions in oral mucosa that occurred in two senior females, both human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, however receiving immunosuppressing medication. The patients did not present classic symptoms of TB. Nevertheless, based on different studies, extrapulmonary TB should still be considered as differential diagnosis for the oral mucosa lesions developed by these patients.

Clinical study of tuberculosis in the head and neck region-11 years' experience and a review of the literature

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and major health concern. Head and neck tuberculosis (HNTB) is relatively rare, but can arise in many regions, including the lymph nodes, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 60 patients diagnosed with HNTB in our department between March 2005 and January 2016. A review and summary of previous HNTB articles published in PubMed since 1885 was also performed. The subjects consisted of 17 males and 43 females, and the average age of patients was 45 ± 14.67 years. The major clinical presentation was a lump or swelling, followed by an oral ulcer and skin fistula. The most common site of tuberculosis was in the cervical lymph node. Three patients also suffered from a malignant tumor in the head and neck region. A total of 980 papers involving 5881 patients were included in our literature review. The included subjects ranged in age from 15 months to 100 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. The larynx (38.92%), cervical lymph nodes (38.28%) and oral cavity (9.92%) were the three most common development sites. 465 patients were positive according to a HIV test, and 40 patients had comorbidities with different types of tumors. Head and neck tuberculosis should always be considered during a differential diagnosis for lesions in the head and neck region. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly enhance the therapeutic effect and patients’ quality of life.

Orofacial Bacterial Infectious Diseases: An Update

OBJECTIVES

Most of the oral infections with odontogenic origin are very common and can be treated by tooth extraction, endodontic therapy, or surgical treatment. Other infectious lesions are the manifestations of systemic diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis. Skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle is also involved with infectious diseases which range from superficial epidermal infections to very serious necrotizing fasciitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An extensive literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus search was performed from 1980 to 2017. All related articles were analyzed.

RESULTS

Most oral infections have odontogenic origin. Skin and the underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscles are also involved with infectious diseases which range from superficial epidermal infections to very serious necrotizing fasciitis.

CONCLUSIONS

These facts prove that the interaction between the oral cavity, face skin, and the other organs can risk the people's life. The establishment of a correct diagnosis and recognition of clinical findings are the crucial steps to support and improve professional orofacial health status.

Oral Mucosal Infections: Insights into Specimen Collection and Medication Management

Oral mucosal infections appear as localized or generalized lesions. Symptoms range from almost unnoticeable lesions to severe pain. Systemic disease, age, immunocompromised condition, and medication use are common causes. Local causes include dentures, poor oral hygiene, traumatized epithelium, ulcerations, dentures, implants, oral piercing, and reduced salivary secretion. Oral mucosal infections are underdiagnosed and microbiological diagnosis should be more frequently used. Candidiasis is most frequently diagnosed. Clinical appearances are not always clear and are varied, creating a diagnostic challenge. Thorough understanding of clinical appearance and updated information on diagnostic and therapeutic management are essential for successful patient outcome.