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Lou Z, Lou Z, Lv T, Chen Z. Role of topical antibiotic ointment in the lateral graft following underlay myringoplasty: a prospective randomised study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:80. [PMID: 38093345 PMCID: PMC10717734 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the graft outcome and postoperative infection of with and without the use of antibiotic ointment following myringoplasty for the treatment of chronic perforations. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS 135 chronic perforations were prospectively randomized to use of antibiotic ointment group (UAO, n = 68) or no use of antibiotic ointment group (NAO, n = 67) following myringoplasty. The graft outcomes and postoperative infection were compared among two groups at 6 months. RESULTS At postoperative 6 months, the graft infection rate was 4.4% in the UAO group and 10.4% in the NAO group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.312).The graft success rates were 92.6% in the UAO group and 91.0% in the NAO group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.979). In the UAO group, 3 patients with purulence ear discharge resulted in a residual perforation although they received ofloxacin ear drops and intravenous antibiotic therapy treatment. In the NAO group, 6 patients with purulence ear discharge resulted in a residual perforation, only one, with mild purulence discharge was successfully treated and closed. In addition, no significant between-group differences were observed pre- (P = 0.746) or post- (P = 0.521) operative air bone gap (ABG) values or mean ABG gain (P = 0.745). However, granular myringitis with minimal moistness but without infection has been noted in 3 (4.4%) patients in the UAO group and in 5 (7.5%) in the NAO group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.699). CONCLUSIONS Use and non-use of antibiotic ointments for lateral packing of graft are both comparable methods following myringoplasty for postoperative infection and graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Lou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Provice, China.
| | - Zihan Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Lab Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tian Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Provice, China
| | - Zhengnong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab Sleep Disordered Breathing, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Design, one-pot synthesis, molecular docking study, and antibacterial evaluation of novel 2H-chromene based imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent peptide deformylase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yang F, Liu C, Ji J, Cao W, Ding B, Xu X. Molecular Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Aural Infections in Shanghai, China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3637-3645. [PMID: 34522106 PMCID: PMC8434892 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s328781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with aural infections. METHODS Isolates (n = 199) were collected from ear discharges of patients with aural infections from January 2019 to December 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with amplification and sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. Biofilm formation and eradication were quantitatively assessed in microtiter plates. Genes associated with biofilm formation and the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of genes gyrA and parC were investigated using polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. RESULTS Of the 199 P. aeruginosa strains isolated, 109 (54.77%) were from females and 90 (45.23%) were from males. The isolates exhibited very low rates of resistance to most antibiotics tested, including piperacillin (1.51%), ceftazidime (0.50%), and imipenem (3.52%); however, the quinolones ciprofloxacin (80.40%) and levofloxacin (82.91%) were notable exceptions. The QRDR sequence results of the quinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates showed Thr83Ile (n = 155) was the most common amino acid mutation in gyrA (n = 165), while Ser87Leu (n = 157) was widely detected in parC (n = 165). MLST analysis identified 34 sequence types (STs) with most isolates belonging to ST316 (73.87%). Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates (96.98%) produced biofilms and biofilm-forming genes algD (98.49%), pslD (96.98%), and pelF (96.48%) were highly prevalent. CONCLUSION The P. aeruginosa strains isolated from aural discharges in this study exhibited very low rates of resistance to most antibiotics tested, except for the resistance rates to quinolones, which were relatively high. The isolates also exhibited a strong biofilm formation ability and low susceptibility to eradication, indicating that more effective drugs and treatment methods are needed to combat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixing Ding
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Ansari MA, Asiri SMM, Alzohairy MA, Alomary MN, Almatroudi A, Khan FA. Biofabricated Fatty Acids-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:139. [PMID: 33572296 PMCID: PMC7915658 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study demonstrates the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous poly-herbal drug Liv52 extract (PLE) as a reducing, dispersing and stabilizing agent. The NPs were characterized by various techniques and used to investigate their potent antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal and anticancer activities. GC-MS analysis of PLE shows a total of 37 peaks for a variety of bio-actives compounds. Amongst them, n-hexadecanoic acid (21.95%), linoleic acid (20.45%), oleic acid (18.01%) and stearic acid (13.99%) were found predominately and most likely acted as reducing, stabilizing and encapsulation FAs in LIV-AgNPs formation. FTIR analysis of LIV-AgNPs shows some other functional bio-actives like proteins, sugars and alkenes in the soft PLE corona. The zone of inhibition was 10.0 ± 2.2-18.5 ± 1.0 mm, 10.5 ± 2.5-22.5 ± 1.5 mm and 13.7 ± 1.0-16.5 ± 1.2 against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. LIV-AgNPs inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner i.e., 54.4% ± 3.1%-10.12% ± 2.3% (S. aureus), 72.7% ± 2.2%-23.3% ± 5.2% (P. aeruginosa) and 85.4% ± 3.3%-25.6% ± 2.2% (C. albicans), and SEM analysis of treated planktonic cells and their biofilm biomass validated the fitness of LIV-AgNPs in future nanoantibiotics. In addition, as prepared FAs rich PLE capped AgNPs have also exhibited significant (p < 0.05 *) antiproliferative activity against cultured HCT-116 cells. Overall, this is a very first demonstration on employment of FAs rich PLE for the synthesis of highly dispersible, stable and uniform sized AgNPs and their antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm and anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Xu J, Du Q, Shu Y, Ji J, Dai C. Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Antibiotic Susceptibility in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Shanghai, China. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 100:NP391-NP396. [PMID: 32352873 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320923823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is mostly caused by bacterial infection of the middle ear and antibiotics are generally used empirically, which may lead to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The objective of the study is to assess the bacteriological profile of and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of strains isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Shanghai, China. METHODS This study included 289 individuals with clinical diagnosis of CSOM. Middle ear purulent discharge was obtained with sterile swabs and cultured for bacterial pathogens. The susceptibility of the isolated microorganisms to antibiotics was assessed by a microdilution method. RESULTS Bacterial pathogens were found in 223 (77.2%) of the 289 cases. A total of 236 strains were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest bacteria (44.9%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.9%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (8.5%). There were 18.9% methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) among the obtained S aureus organisms. Multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa was found in 4 patients, making up 10% of all detected P aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus showed highest susceptibility to vancomycin (100%), then gentamicin (98.1%) and rifampicin (97.2%) and was most resistant to penicillin (61.3%) and erythromycin (50%). All isolated P aeruginosa showed susceptibility to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. High degree of resistance in P aeruginosa was observed toward levofloxacin (42.5%), ciprofloxacin (40%), and ceftriaxone (30%). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant P aeruginosa indicated cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone as primary empirical antibiotic drugs in CSOM to be cautiously used. In order to reduce the incidence of resistant strains and promote effective usage of antibiotics, all aural discharges should be cultured to determine antibacterial susceptibility patterns before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Xu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Du
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfu Dai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
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Chmagh AA, Abd Al-Abbas MJ. PCR-RFLP by AluI for coa gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from burn wounds, pneumonia and otitis media. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rath S, Das SR, Padhy RN. Bayesian analysis of two methods MALDI-TOF-MS system and culture test in otomycosis infection. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 5:6-13. [PMID: 30775695 PMCID: PMC6364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Identification of otomycotic fungi using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy (MS) and to quantify pervasive errors with Bayes rule; values of sensitivity and specificity of culture test and MALDI-TOF-MS method are quantified. Method Fungi cultured ear discharge samples were identified with culture test and MALDI-TOF-MS system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or MEC (minimum effective concentration) for 6 antifungals were determined by antifungal susceptibility testing in vitro. With Bayes rule, sensitivity and specificity of both MALDI-TOF MS and culture test methods were computed. Results Cultures yielded 42 fungal isolates which were confirmed as species (specified against each species) belonging to 8 genera, A. niger 22, Candida sp. 7, A. fumigatus 3, A. flavus 3, mixed Aspergillus sp. 3, Mucor sp. 2, Rhizopus sp. 1, and Scopulariopsis sp.1; and MALDI-TOF-MS system also confirmed those isolates. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing with terms of MIC 50 and MIC 90, isolates fungi were highly susceptible to 6 antifungals; and caspofungin was the most active antifungal. The high value of specificity 84.6%, suggested a limited loss of confidence on the culture test at the absence of an infection, in comparison to MALDI-TOF-MS. Sensitivity of the culture test was 87.5%; this high figure strongly approves the culture test to be the dependable method for the otomycosis diagnosis, when the infection is stable. Conclusion Based on sensitivity and specificity together the culture test could be done in face of the gold-standard MALDI-TOF-MS system the estimating both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibanarayan Rath
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Odisha, India
| | - Saumya Ranjan Das
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Odisha, India
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Ding YL, Fu J, Chen J, Mo SF, Xu S, Lin N, Qin P, McGrath E. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children with acute otitis media in Liuzhou, China. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:388. [PMID: 30553272 PMCID: PMC6295064 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few studies focused on the prevalence, bacterial etiology, antibiotic resistance, and genetic background of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in children with acute otitis media (AOM) in China. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital. Patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with AOM were enrolled in the study. Middle ear fluid specimens were collected and cultured for bacterial pathogens. The antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, macrolide resistant genes and sequence types of S. aureus were identified. RESULTS From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015, a total of 228 cases of AOM were identified. Pathogenic bacteria were positive in 181 (79.4%) of 228 specimens. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacteria (36.4%), followed by S. aureus (16.2%). Among the 37 S. aureus isolates, 12 (23.5%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 25 (77.5%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). A total of 23 isolates (62.2%) were resistant to erythromycin, 40.5% of isolates were resistant to clindamycin, and 37.8% isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Twenty-three isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Eighteen isolates carried the pvl gene. Up to 22 (59.4%) isolates expressed ermA gene, 8 (21.6%) isolates expressed both ermA and ermC genes, and only 8.1% expressed ermB. Among all S.aureus isolates, 7 sequence types (STs) were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The most common ST was ST59 (16/37, 43.2%), followed by ST45 (7/37, 18.9%) and ST30 (7/37, 18.9%). The predominant MSSA isolates were ST59-t437-MSSA (5/25, 20.0%), the prevailing MRSA isolates were Taiwan related strains ST59-SCCmec-IVa/V (5/12, 41.6%). CONCLUSIONS S. aureus was the second most common cause for AOM in children in Liuzhou. Most of the S. aureus was MDR which carried a high proportion of ermA and ermC gene. CA-MRSA (ST59-SCCmec-IV/V-t437) is circulating in children with AOM. These findings support continued surveillance of S. aureus infections in children with AOM in both communities and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling Ding
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Jinjian Fu
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Jichang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Sheng Fu Mo
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, Guangxi, China
| | - Peixu Qin
- Department of Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Eric McGrath
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Mittal R, Parrish JM, Soni M, Mittal J, Mathee K. Microbial otitis media: recent advancements in treatment, current challenges and opportunities. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1417-1425. [PMID: 30084766 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a common disease affecting humans, especially paediatric populations. OM refers to inflammation of the middle ear and can be broadly classified into two types, acute and chronic. Bacterial infection is one of the most common causes of OM. Despite the introduction of vaccines, the incidence of OM remains significantly high worldwide. In this mini-review article, we discuss the recent treatment modalities for OM, such as suspension gel, transcutaneous immunization, and intranasal and transtympanic drug delivery, including therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials. We provide an overview of how these recent advancements in therapeutic strategies can facilitate the circumvention of current treatment challenges involving preadolescence soft palate dysfunction, biofilm formation, tympanic membrane (ear drum) barrier and the attainment of efficacious drug concentrations in the middle ear. While traditional first-line immunization strategies are generally not very efficacious against biofilms, new technologies that use transdermal or intranasal drug delivery via chitosan-PsaA nanoparticles have shown promising results in experimental animal models of OM. Sustained drug delivery systems such as penta-block copolymer poloxamer 407-polybutylphosphoester (P407-PBP) or poloxamer 407 (e.g. OTO-201, with the brand name 'OTIPRIO') have demonstrated that treatments can be reduced to a single topical application. The emergence of effective new treatment modalities opens up promising new avenues for the treatment of OM that could lead to improved quality of life for many children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James M Parrish
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manasi Soni
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- 2Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,3Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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