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Nash M, Cartwright K, Nguyen R, Middleton P, Maitz P. Surgical release of the chest wall skin and fascia for sclerodermatous graft versus host disease causing restrictive lung disease: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 117:109455. [PMID: 38471219 PMCID: PMC10945244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Skin involvement is reported to be as high as 70-95 % in this group with GVHD and the severity of the involvement varies widely. Surgical management of complications of severe cutaneous GVHD is uncommon and is rarely mentioned as a treatment option. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of severe sclerodermatous skin changes restricting chest expansion and exercise tolerance to the point of limiting basic activities of daily life. A 54-year-old male presents with severe restrictive lung disease from sclerodermatous graft versus host disease (GVHD) after stem cell transplant for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML). He experienced limited symptomatic relief from maximal medical therapy and photochemotherapy, and subsequently underwent a skin release and split skin grafting of his chest and abdomen in an effort to improve exercise tolerance and quality of life. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Despite an initial improvement in functioning, the patient's spirometry and lung function continued to decline with time, possibly suggesting that he did not gain a sustained benefit from surgical release of his cutaneous GVHD. CONCLUSION While delineating between disease progression and surgical outcome is difficult in this case, the patient would argue that by delaying or reducing further decline in function, the surgical release procedures led to improved quality of life in subsequent years. However further research is required to establish a clear role for surgery in the treatment of refractory cutaneous GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Nash
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia.
| | - Kim Cartwright
- Department of Haematology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Rebecca Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Peter Middleton
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Sydney University, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Maitz
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia; Sydney University, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Baumrin E, Loren AW, Falk SJ, Mays JW, Cowen EW. Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part II: Disease activity grading and therapeutic management. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:19-36. [PMID: 36572064 PMCID: PMC10287839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a leading cause of long-term morbidity, nonrelapse mortality, and impaired health-related quality of life. The skin is commonly affected and presents heterogeneously, making the role of dermatologists critical in both diagnosis and treatment. In addition, new clinical classification and grading schemes inform treatment algorithms, which now include 3 Federal Drug Administration-approved therapies, and evolving transplant techniques are changing disease epidemiology. Part I reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of cGVHD. Part II discusses disease grading and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Baumrin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Alison W Loren
- Blood and Marrow Transplant, Cell Therapy and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandy J Falk
- Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline W Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward W Cowen
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hidalgo Calleja C, Sánchez González MD, Medina Luezas J, López Corral L. Chronic graft-versus-recipient disease: Systematic review of joint and fascial involvement. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2023; 19:235-243. [PMID: 37087381 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVRD) is a systemic immune-mediated complication that occurs in approximately half of the patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and, although it is associated with beneficial graft versus tumour effects and lower relapse rates, it remains the leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in these patients. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to provide a current overview on the diagnostic musculoskeletal manifestations of cGVRD, its clinical evaluation, and therapeutic possibilities. METHODS We ran a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies from the last 20 years were included. Priority was given to cross-sectional studies to evaluate diagnostic methods and to clinical trials in the case of articles referring to treatment. The search was limited to humans and articles published in English or Spanish. RESULTS We identified 6423 studies, of which we selected 86 (37 on clinical and diagnostic evaluation and 49 on treatments). Specific studies on fascial and joint complications are scarce and of low quality, including only isolated clinical cases or case series. Fasciitis is the most relevant musculoskeletal manifestation, and isolated joint involvement is low, sometimes unnoticed and underdiagnosed, if a thorough exploration of joint motion is not performed. Early detection of cGVRD with fascial and/or joint involvement requires careful and repeated evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The search for new biomarkers or advanced imaging techniques that allow early diagnosis is necessary. Physiotherapy is essential to improve functionality and prevent disease progression. Controlled studies are needed to establish recommendations on second lines of treatment. Because of its multisystemic nature, cGVRD requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hidalgo Calleja
- Servicio de Reumatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Julio Medina Luezas
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía López Corral
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL. Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC, Salamanca, Spain
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Graft-Versus-Host Disease: an Update on Functional Implications and Rehabilitation Interventions. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:145-150. [PMID: 36680673 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite advances in treatment, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a highly morbid complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to direct effects of the disease on specific body sites, and its treatment, patients lose function. This review summarizes the latest evidence surrounding how cGVHD affects function, and restorative interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Different body sites of cGVHD carry a higher risk of functional decline, including pulmonary and sclerotic/fascial. Support should be comprehensive and individualized, with precautions taken to avoid worsening fibrosis, offloading painful joints and fractures, and utilizing function-directed skilled therapies. Inpatient rehabilitation improves function in hospitalized people with cGVHD. For people with cGVHD, rehabilitation addresses different aspects of impaired function across the spectrum of disease. Given the dynamic nature of the disease process, routine assessment may be warranted. Rehabilitation may also improve deleterious effects of anti-cGVHD medication including glucocorticoids and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Molés-Poveda P, Comis LE, Joe GO, Mitchell SA, Pichard DC, Rosenstein RK, Solomon B, Pavletic SZ, Cowen EW. Rehabilitation Interventions in the Multidisciplinary Management of Patients With Sclerotic Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Skin and Fascia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 102:776-788. [PMID: 33347890 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 30%-80% of patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 10%-15% of GVHD patients develop sclerotic features affecting the skin or deeper tissues, leading to functional limitations and poor quality of life. There is limited literature regarding the indications and efficacy of specific rehabilitative interventions in sclerotic GVHD (sclGVHD). In this article, we summarize the current evidence supporting rehabilitation intervention in sclGVHD and offer our approach to the multidisciplinary management of this disease. In addition, we review techniques that have been employed in other sclerotic skin diseases (eg, iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock waves, botulinum toxin A, adipose derived stromal vascular fraction), but that require further validation in the sclGVHD setting. Ultimately, optimal care for this complex disease requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes a rehabilitation and adaptive program tailored to each patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Molés-Poveda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Valencia, Spain; Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Plana, Catellón, Spain.
| | - Leora E Comis
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Galen O Joe
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sandra A Mitchell
- Outcomes Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Dominique C Pichard
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rachel K Rosenstein
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Beth Solomon
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edward W Cowen
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Are graft-versus-host-disease patients missing out on the vital occupational therapy services? a systematic review. Int J Rehabil Res 2018; 41:110-113. [DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McQueen FM, Solanki K. Rituximab in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: should we be using it today? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:757-67. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Musculoskeletal, Neurologic, and Cardiopulmonary Aspects of Physical Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 21:799-808. [PMID: 25445027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in people who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Management of complications due to cGVHD can be challenging because of multiorgan involvement and variable presentation of the disease. This paper outlines the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiopulmonary manifestations of cGVHD that have the potential to cause profound functional impairment and that may significantly impact quality of life and lifespan. Expert evaluation by a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician and multidisciplinary team may be beneficial in the treatment of the disease sequelae, and examples of specific rehabilitation interventions are described.
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Marks C, Stadler M, Häusermann P, Wolff D, Buchholz S, Stary G, Lee S, Lawitschka A, Bertz H. German-Austrian-Swiss Consensus Conference on clinical practice in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): guidance for supportive therapy of chronic cutaneous and musculoskeletal GVHD. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:18-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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