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Transitioning from Microsurgery to Supermicrosurgery: The Recurrent Ulnar Artery Model. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4589. [PMID: 36262680 PMCID: PMC9575955 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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ICG Lymphography in a 4-week Postmortem Cadaver: Implications for a Supermicrosurgery Training Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3468. [PMID: 33786261 PMCID: PMC7997089 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Surgical models are invaluable resources for training and for research and innovation. In the field of supermicrosurgery (SM), options for surgical models remain limited and imperfect. We report the use of a fresh, previously frozen 4-week postmortem cadaveric specimen for successful distal to proximal indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography of the upper extremity. Our technique was confirmed with handheld SPY fluorescence imaging, which visualized a clearly defined, linear lymphatic system. By outlining a straightforward, reproducible method of lymphatic mapping in cadaveric specimens, our group aims to expand the frontiers of surgical models for SM.
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3
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Crouch G, Wong G, Hong J, Varey A, Haddad R, Wang ZZ, Wykes J, Koutalistras N, Clark JR, Solomon M, Bannon P, McBride KE, Ch'ng S. Validated specialty-specific models for multi-disciplinary microsurgery training laboratories: a systematic review. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:1110-1116. [PMID: 33719142 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory simulation is increasingly important for teaching microsurgical skills. Training microsurgeons of different specialties within the same simulation laboratory increases efficiency of resource use. For maximal benefit, simulations should be available for trainees to practice specialty-specific, higher-order skills. Selection of appropriate simulations requires knowledge of the efficacy and validity of the numerous described laboratory models. Here we present a systematic review of validated training models that may serve as useful adjuncts to achieving competency in specialty elements of microsurgery, and appraise the evidence behind them. METHODS In setting up a multi-disciplinary microsurgery training course, we performed a systematic review according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched for studies describing validated, microscope-based, specialty-specific simulations, and awarded a level of evidence and level of recommendation based on a modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification. RESULTS A total of 141 papers describing specialty-specific microsimulation models were identified, 49 of which included evidence of validation. Eleven were in the field of neurosurgery, 21 in otolaryngology/head and neck surgery, two in urology/gynaecology and 15 plastic and reconstructive surgery. These papers described synthetic models in 19 cases, cadaveric animals in 10 cases, live animals in 12 cases and human cadaveric material in 10 cases. CONCLUSION Numerous specialty-specific models for use in the microscope laboratory are available, but the quality of evidence for them is poor. Provision of models that span numerous specialties may encourage use of a microscope lab whilst still enabling more specific skills training over a 'one-size-fits-all' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Crouch
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Wong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hong
- Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Varey
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Haddad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zane Zhanxiang Wang
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Wykes
- Sydney Head & Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nick Koutalistras
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Head & Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Bannon
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate E McBride
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sydney Ch'ng
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Insitute of Academic Surgery at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Head & Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gasteratos K, Paladino JR, Akelina Y, Mayer HF. Superiority of living animal models in microsurgical training: beyond technical expertise. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2021; 44:167-176. [PMID: 33589852 PMCID: PMC7875764 DOI: 10.1007/s00238-021-01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies are investigating the role of living and nonliving models to train microsurgeons. There is controversy around which modalities account for the best microsurgical training. In this study, we aim to provide a systematic literature review of the practical modalities in microsurgery training and compare the living and nonliving models, emphasizing the superiority of the former. We introduce the concept of non-technical skill acquisition in microsurgical training with the use of living laboratory animals in the context of a novel proposed curriculum. Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline and Scopus within the past 11 years based on a combination of the following keywords: “microsurgery,” “training,” “skills,” and “models.” The online screening process was performed by two independent reviewers with the Covidence tool. A total of 101 papers was identified as relevant to our study. The protocol was reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results Living models offer the chance to develop both technical and non-technical competencies (i.e., leadership, situation awareness, decision-making, communication, and teamwork). Prior experience with ex vivo tissues helps residents consolidate basic skills prior to performing more advanced techniques in the living tissues. Trainees reported a higher satisfaction rate with the living models. Conclusions The combination of living and nonliving training microsurgical models leads to superior results; however, the gold standard remains the living model. The validity of the hypothesis that living models enhance non-technical skills remains to be confirmed. Level of evidence: Not ratable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gasteratos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Yelena Akelina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Horacio F Mayer
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires University Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rodriguez JR, Fuse Y, Sakai H, Tsukuura R, Yamamoto T. Ulnar artery concomitant veins of the chicken wing for advanced supermicrosurgery training. Microsurgery 2020; 41:102-103. [PMID: 32845520 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Rodriguez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuma Fuse
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayahito Sakai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Tsukuura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Z, Wang H, Kong F, Chen Z, Wu H, Wang X, Jian F. Application of a Microsurgical Space Restrictor in Microsurgical Simulation Training. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:e289-e293. [PMID: 32407919 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the application of a microsurgical space restrictor in microsurgical simulation training. METHODS A microsurgical space restrictor that can restrict the operation space was designed and produced. Forty neurosurgery residents with standardized training were selected as the study subjects and were randomly divided into the experimental group (group A) and the control group (group B). Group A was trained using the space restrictor, and group B was trained using the traditional method. The skills and overall performance of the 2 groups of trainees were assessed by the Stanford Microsurgery and Resident Training (SMaRT) scale. The assessment was divided into 2 stages: the unobstructed microsurgery test, and the test with the microsurgical operation space restrictor. RESULTS In group A, the score for the first stage (A1) was 3.9 ± 0.6, the score for the second stage (A2) was 3.4 ± 0.6, and the score for A1 was better than that for A2 (P = 0.000); in group B, the score for the first stage (B1) was 3.57 ± 0.6, the score for the second stage (B2) was 3.0 ± 0.6, and the score for B1 was better than that for B2 (P = 0.000). Overall, the score for A1 was better than that for B1 (P = 0.046), and the score for A2 was better than that for B2 (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Microsurgical space restrictor use can improve the effect of microsurgical simulation training and help trainees better master microsurgical operation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Education Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Education Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengzeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Banda CH, Mitsui K, Ishiura R, Danno K, Narushima M. A supermicrosurgery pig foot training model for practice of lymphaticovenular anastomosis. Microsurgery 2019; 40:91-92. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.30521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihena H. Banda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Mie University Mie Prefecture Japan
| | - Kohei Mitsui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Mie University Mie Prefecture Japan
| | - Ryohei Ishiura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Mie University Mie Prefecture Japan
| | - Kanako Danno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Mie University Mie Prefecture Japan
| | - Mitsunaga Narushima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine, Mie University Mie Prefecture Japan
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Raveendran M. Simulation-Based Training Models for Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019; 57:506-511. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665619877768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Simulation-based training is a relatively new inclusion to surgical training curricula, with promises of achieving increased competency while maximizing patient safety. Cleft palate, which contributes significantly to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases, is a challenging repair to learn due to the high level of skill and dexterity required, delicate oral tissues, and limited space of an infant oral cavity. Simulation training can allow cleft palate education to move from an observational to a competency-based learning. Hence, this systematic review presents the models described in the literature that simulate cleft palate repair. Design: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. An electronic search of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was performed. Qualitative data were extracted, and the models were stratified based on their anatomical fidelity and realism, forming the basis of the curriculum. Results: The database search returned 3261 articles. Twelve articles were considered eligible for inclusion. The anatomical fidelity, human tissue likeness, evidence of improved outcomes, and cost are discussed. Conclusions: Cleft palate is a globally significant birth defect and its repair is a difficult procedure to learn. This review presents the 12 models of cleft palate described in the literature, highlighting the advances and gaps in current cleft palate simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raveendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Teixeira RKC, Feijó DH, Valente AL, de Carvalho LTF, Brito MVH, de Barros RSM. Can Smartphones Be Used to Perform Video-Assisted Microanastomosis? An Experimental Study. Surg Innov 2019; 26:371-375. [PMID: 30608028 DOI: 10.1177/1553350618822626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone cameras are continuously improving. The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using smartphones' magnification system to perform microanastomosis in rats. METHODS Fifteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the magnification system used: Microscope, iPhone 7 smartphone, and Galaxy S7 smartphone. In the microscope group, a DFVasconcelos microsurgery microscope was used. In both smartphone groups, the magnifications systems were connected to a 55-inch television through the mirror function. Animals in both groups underwent femoral artery anastomosis in the right forepaw and femoral nerve neurorrhaphy in the left hindleg. The body weight, arterial and nerve caliber, and anastomosis time and patency were immediately analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding body weight, arterial, or nerve caliber. The smartphones did not provide a sufficient quality of image for an adequate identification of the arterial walls. Therefore, neither arterial anastomosis nor neurorrhaphy could be completed, even after 3 hours of surgery. The first steps toward anastomosis or raffia were performed with difficulty. CONCLUSION The current video resolution and lack of stereoscopic image of available smartphones is not sufficient to perform video-assisted anastomosis of femoral arteries or nerves.
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Pafitanis G, Narushima M, Yamamoto T, Miller R, Koshima I. Insights to establish early learning curve in clinical supermicrosurgery. Microsurgery 2018; 39:100-101. [PMID: 30561056 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pafitanis
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsunaga Narushima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isao Koshima
- International Centre for Lympedema, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Hong JP(J, Song S, Suh HSP. Supermicrosurgery: Principles and applications. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:832-839. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Pio (Jp) Hong
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Sinyoung Song
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Peter Suh
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
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