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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Eye, Ear, Laryngeal Area, and Nasal and Oral Cavity Diseases: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:645. [PMID: 38339396 PMCID: PMC10854993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of various diseases. This non-invasive approach utilizes photosensitizing agents and light to selectively target and destroy abnormal cells, providing a valuable alternative to traditional treatments. Research studies have explored the application of PDT in different areas of the head. Research is focusing on a growing number of new developments and treatments for cancer. One of these methods is PDT. Photodynamic therapy is now a revolutionary, progressive method of cancer therapy. A very important feature of PDT is that cells cannot become immune to singlet oxygen. With this therapy, patients can avoid lengthy and costly surgeries. PDT therapy is referred to as a safe and highly selective therapy. These studies collectively highlight the potential of PDT as a valuable therapeutic option in treating the head area. As research in this field progresses, PDT may become increasingly integrated into the clinical management of these conditions, offering a balance between effectiveness and minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Yüzeroğlu M, Keser Karaoğlan G, Gümrükçü Köse G, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis of new zinc phthalocyanines including schiff base and halogen; photophysical, photochemical, and fluorescence quenching studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Photodynamic therapy effect of morpholinium containing silicon (IV) phthalocyanine on HCT-116 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101975. [PMID: 32835884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the in vitro potential of axially 1-morpholiniumpropan-2-ol disubstituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc) which was synthesized previously, on HCT-116 cells as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. The singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields of SiPc were calculated using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cytotoxic and phototoxic effects of SiPc were evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining kit, cell cycle kit, and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) assay kit with JC-1 were used to indicate the cell death pathway. Caspase-3 and β-catenin protein expressions were evaluated by western blotting. The singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields of SiPc were calculated as 0.73 and 3.64 × 10-4 in DMSO. The cell viability assays showed that IC50 value of SiPc did not reach to 100 μM without irradiation. However, excellent phototoxicity was observed in the presence of SiPc upon light irradiation. The cells undergoing early/late apoptosis significantly increased in the presence SiPc at 5 μM upon light irradiation. Besides, the proportion of cells at S and G2/M phase increased. Moreover, mitochondria membrane potentials significantly decreased at 1 and 5 μM of SiPc with light irradiation. While caspase-3 expression increased, β-catenin expression significantly decreased on HCT-116 in the presence of SiPc (p < 0.01). The results indicated that the PDT could be related to apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Based on our findings, SiPc exhibited a significant PDT effect on HCT-116 cells therefore, worthy of more detailed study.
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Kırbaç E, Erdoğmuş A. New non-peripherally substituted zinc phthalocyanines; synthesis, and comparative photophysicochemical properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Ahmetali E, Atmaca GY, Karaoğlu HP, Erdoğmuş A, Koçak MB. Photophysical and photochemical properties of newly synthesized zinc(II) and chloroindium(III) phthalocyanines substituted with 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy groups. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
4,5-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its complexes, namely 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] phthalocyaninato zinc(II) (2) and 2,3,9,-10,16,17,23,24-octakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phthalocyaninato indium(III) (3) are synthesized and characterized. Aggregation of the phthalocyanines was studied in tetrahydrofuran in different concentrations. Photochemical and photophysical properties of 2 and 3 in THF were investigated. A comparison between the photophysicochemical parameters of 2 and 3 yielded that 3 is a better photosensitizer than 2. The fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) and 1O2 formation ([Formula: see text] for compound 3 are 0.016 and 0.84, respectively. The values for compound 2 are 0.135 and 0.54, respectively. The values of indium and zinc phthalocyanines (2 and 3) could be classified as photosensitizers in the photocatalytic applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erem Ahmetali
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
- Yildiz Technical University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Chemistry Department, Esenler, Istanbul, TR34210, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Yildiz Technical University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Chemistry Department, Esenler, Istanbul, TR34210, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Yildiz Technical University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Chemistry Department, Esenler, Istanbul, TR34210, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
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6
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Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105575. [PMID: 31362060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.
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Chen J, Fang Y, Liu H, Chen N, Chen S, Xue J. Quinolin-8-yloxy-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines for enhanced in vitro photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative and promising modality to treat various tumors. In this study, two novel zinc(II) phthalocyanines substituted with quinolin-8-yloxy groups at the [Formula: see text]-position, namely mono(quinolin-8-yloxy) zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Q1) and tetra(quinolin-8-yloxy) zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Q4), have been synthesized and fully characterized. With quinolin-8-yloxy, these two phthalocyanines exhibit less self-aggregation in DMF and culture medium, high singlet oxygen quantum yields, mitochondria localization and high photodynamic activities (IC[Formula: see text] values as low as 2 nM). Compared to ZnPc-Q4, ZnPc-Q1 exhibits higher cellular uptake and lower IC[Formula: see text] values. Benefitting from its higher anticancer efficacy and lack of isomers, ZnPc-Q1 is a highly promising anticancer agent in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Photodynamic Therapy and Diagnoses, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Photodynamic Therapy and Diagnoses, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Hong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Photodynamic Therapy and Diagnoses, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Naisheng Chen
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Photodynamic Therapy and Diagnoses, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Shengping Chen
- Dermatological Department, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA. Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Photodynamic Therapy and Diagnoses, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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Baigorria E, Reynoso E, Alvarez MG, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Silica nanoparticles embedded with water insoluble phthalocyanines for the photoinactivation of microorganisms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:261-269. [PMID: 29964223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) embedded with Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(methoxy)phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOCH3), Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(4-pyridyloxy) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOPy) and Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(t-butyl) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPctBu) were synthesized in the nonpolar core of AOT/1-butanol/water micelles using triethoxyvinylsilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. These SiNPs-Pc presented an average diameter of about 20-25 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra presented the characteristic Soret and Q bands of phthalocyanines embedded into the nanoparticles. Moreover, red fluorescence emission of SiNPs bearing phthalocyanines was detected in water. The SiNPs-Pc produced the photodecomposition of 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(methylmalonic acid), which was used to sense the singlet molecular oxygen O2(1Δg) generation in aqueous medium. Also, the formation of superoxide anion radical was detected by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the presence of NADH. Photoinactivation of microorganisms was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments showed that photosensitized inactivation induced by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu improved with an increase of irradiation times. After 30 min irradiation, over 7 log reduction was found for S. aureus. Also, these SiNPs-Pc produced a decrease of 2.5 log in C. albicans after 60 min irradiation. In both cases, a lower photoinactivation activity was found for SiNPZnPcOPy. Studies of photodynamic action mechanism showed that the photokilling of microbial cells was protected in the presence of sodium azide and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Also, a reduction on the cell photodamage was found with the addition of D-mannitol. Therefore, the photodynamic activity sensitized by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu in microbial cells was mediated by a contribution of both type I and type II photooxidative mechanisms. Thus, silica nanoparticles are interesting materials to vehicle ZnPcOCH3 and ZnPctBu in aqueous media to photoeradicate microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Baigorria
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Elisa Milanesio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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George L, Hiltunen A, Santala V, Efimov A. Photo-antimicrobial efficacy of zinc complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine activated by inexpensive consumer LED lamp. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 183:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Xia C, Lun Z, Lv Y, Chen W, Li T. Crosstalk between p38 MAPK and caspase-9 regulates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced by tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine zinc photodynamic therapy in LoVo cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:61-70. [PMID: 29115534 PMCID: PMC5783605 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered to be an advancing antitumor technology. PDT using hydrophilic/lipophilic tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn-PDT) has exhibited antitumor activity in Bel-7402 hepatocellular cancer cells. However, the manner in which p38 MAPK and caspase-9 are involved in the regulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the TαPcZn-PDT-treated LoVo human colon carcinoma cells remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, a siRNA targeting p38 MAPK (siRNA-p38 MAPK) and the caspase-9 specific inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk were used to examine the crosstalk between p38 MAPK and caspase-9 during mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the TαPcZn-PDT-treated LoVo cells. The findings revealed that the TαPcZn-PDT treatment of LoVo cells resulted in the induction of apoptosis, the formation of p38 MAPK/caspase-9 complexes, the activation of p38 MAPK, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bid, the downregulation of Bcl-2, the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), the upregulation of Bax and the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c (Cyto c). By contrast, siRNA-p38 MAPK or z-LEHD-fmk both attenuated the effects of TαPcZn-PDT in the LoVo cells. Furthermore, the results revealed that siRNA-p38 MAPK had more significant inhibitory effects on apoptosis and mitochondria compared with the effects of z-LEHD-fmk in TαPcZn-PDT-treated LoVo cells. These findings indicated that p38 MAPK plays the major regulatory role in the crosstalk between p38 MAPK and caspase-9 and that direct interaction between p38 MAPK and caspase-9 may regulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the TαPcZn-PDT-treated LoVo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Xia
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Lv
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Aytan Kiliçarslan F, Keskin B, Erden İ, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of new phthalocyanines. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1362501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahadir Keskin
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Erden
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Novel phthalocyanines bearing 7-oxy-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)coumarin moieties: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Basappa C, Reddy VKR, Kotresh HMN, Musturappa PK, Devendrachari MC, Ganesh SD. Synthesis, Characterization, Novel Interaction of DNA, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of New Water Soluble Metallophthalocyanines Posture Eight Hydroxyphenyl Moiety via 1,3,4-oxadiazole Bridge. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda Basappa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous); Kuvempu University; Shivamogga - 577 203 Karnataka India
| | - Venugopala K. R. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; Vijayanagar Srikrishnadevaraya University; Bellary - 583 105 Karnataka India
| | - Harish M. N. Kotresh
- Department of Chemistry; Acharya Institute of Technology; Soladevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Main Road Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Pradeep K. Musturappa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous); Kuvempu University; Shivamogga - 577 203 Karnataka India
| | | | - Shimoga D. Ganesh
- Department of Industrial Chemistry; Kuvempu University; Shankaraghatta - 577 451 Shivamogga Karnataka India
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Novel soluble octa-substituted phthalocyanines bearing chloro and long alkyl chain containing fluorine: Synthesis, characterization and photophysical and photochemical properties. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Li W, Sun WH, Redshaw C. Zinc 2-((2-(benzoimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)phenolates: synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence behavior. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:1047-1055. [PMID: 24161867 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-(2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-8-yliminomethyl)phenol derivatives and their zinc complexes (C1-C5) were synthesized and fully characterized. The molecular structure of the representative complex C2 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed that the zinc was five-coordinated with the tetra-dentate ligand and a methanol bound to the metal to afford a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the organic compounds and their zinc complexes were measured and investigated in various solvents such as methanol, THF, dichloromethane, and toluene; significant influences by solvents were observed on their luminescent properties; red-shifts for the zinc complexes were clearly observed in comparison to the free organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Karunakaran SC, Babu PSS, Madhuri B, Marydasan B, Paul AK, Nair AS, Rao KS, Srinivasan A, Chandrashekar TK, Rao CM, Pillai R, Ramaiah D. In vitro demonstration of apoptosis mediated photodynamic activity and NIR nucleus imaging through a novel porphyrin. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:127-32. [PMID: 23092119 DOI: 10.1021/cb3004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel water-soluble porphyrin THPP and its metalated derivative Zn-THPP having excellent triplet excited state quantum yields and singlet oxygen generation efficiency. When compared to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved and clinically used sensitizer Photofrin, THPP showed ca. 2-3-fold higher in vitro photodynamic activity in different cell lines under identical conditions. The mechanism of the biological activity of these porphyrin systems has been evaluated through a variety of techniques: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage, CM-H(2)DCFDA assay, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometric analysis, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy, which confirm the apoptotic cell death through predominantly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, THPP showed rapid cellular uptake and are localized in the nucleus of the cells as compared to Hoechst dye and Photofrin, thereby demonstrating its use as an efficient sensitizer in photodynamic therapy and live cell NIR nucleus imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bollapalli Madhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Betsy Marydasan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Albish K. Paul
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
| | - Asha S. Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum-695014, Kerala, India
| | - K. Sridhar Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alagar Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar-751005,
Odisha, India
| | | | - Ch. Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad-500 007,
Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Chemical Sciences and Technology
Division, Photosciences and Photonics, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum-695019, Kerala, India
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Machado AHA, Soares PC, Da Silva NS, Moraes KC. Cellular and molecular studies of the initial process of the photodynamic therapy in HEp-2 cells using LED light source and two different photosensitizers. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:785-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Synthesis, structure and fluorescent properties of 2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol ligands and their zinc complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Rumie Vittar NB, Lamberti MJ, Pansa MF, Vera RE, Rodriguez ME, Cogno IS, Milla Sanabria LN, Rivarola VA. Ecological photodynamic therapy: new trend to disrupt the intricate networks within tumor ecosystem. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:86-99. [PMID: 23127970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As with natural ecosystems, species within the tumor microenvironment are connected by pairwise interactions (e.g. mutualism, predation) leading to a strong interdependence of different populations on each other. In this review we have identified the ecological roles played by each non-neoplastic population (macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts) and other abiotic components (oxygen, extracellular matrix) directly involved with neoplastic development. A way to alter an ecosystem is to affect other species within the environment that are supporting the growth and survival of the species of interest, here the tumor cells; thus, some features of ecological systems could be exploited for cancer therapy. We propose a well-known antitumor therapy called photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a novel modulator of ecological interactions. We refer to this as "ecological photodynamic therapy." The main goal of this new strategy is the improvement of therapeutic efficiency through the disruption of ecological networks with the aim of destroying the tumor ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to identify those interactions from which tumor cells get benefit and those by which it is impaired, and then design multitargeted combined photodynamic regimes in order to orchestrate non-neoplastic populations against their neoplastic counterpart. Thus, conceiving the tumor as an ecological system opens avenues for novel approaches on treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Belén Rumie Vittar
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Biología Molecular, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
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Tuhl A, Chidawanayika W, Ibrahim HM, Al-Awadi N, Litwinski C, Nyokong T, Behbehani H, Manaa H, Makhseed S. Tetra and octa(2,6-di-iso-propylphenoxy)-substituted phthalocyanines: a comparative study among their photophysicochemical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis of novel metal free, zinc, aluminum, gallium and indium tetra and octa (2,6-di-iso-propylphenoxy)-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives. UV-visible and 1H NMR analyses confirm that a non-planar conformation, adapted by the phenoxy substituents due to steric interaction in both derivative series, perfectly discourage cofacial aggregation. Fluorescence quantum yields vary as a function of the number of substituents on the ring periphery, while the fluorescence lifetimes display no distinct trend. Triplet quantum yields are significantly larger for the tetra 2,6-di-iso-propylphenoxy- substituted derivatives relative to their corresponding octa-substituted species. However there was no overall trend in the triplet lifetime values. For almost all of the phthalocyanine derivatives, singlet oxygen was produced with relatively good quantum yields. This study explores the possibility of fine-tuning their physicochemical properties by simple structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tuhl
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Nouria Al-Awadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | | | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Haider Behbehani
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Hacene Manaa
- Department of Physics, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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Rauf M, Hisaindee S, Graham J, Nawaz M. Solvent effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Cu(II)-phthalocyanine and DFT calculations. J Mol Liq 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ochoa AL, Tempesti TC, Spesia MB, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Synthesis and photodynamic properties of adamantylethoxy Zn(II) phthalocyanine derivatives in different media and in human red blood cells. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:280-7. [PMID: 22365412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel unsymmetrically substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing an adamantylethoxy group (AZnPc) was synthesized by the ring expansion reaction of boron(III) subphthalocyanine chloride with an appropriated phthalonitrile derivative (APc). Also, APc was used to obtain a new Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing four adamantylethoxy groups (A(4)ZnPc) by cyclotetramerization reaction. The spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of these photosensitizers were compared with those of a Zn(II) phthalocyanine substituted by four methoxy groups (M(4)ZnPc) in different media. Similar results were obtained in N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher photodynamic activity was found for AZnPc in a biomimetic system formed by reverse micelles. This behavior was also observed in the presence of human red blood (HRB) cells, which were used as an in vitro cellular model. Thus, AZnPc was the most effective photosensitizer to produce HRB cells hemolysis. The photodynamic effect produced a decrease in the HRB cells osmotic stability leading to the release of hemoglobin. Studies of photodynamic action mechanism showed that photohemolysis of HRB cells was protected in the presence of azide ion, while the addition of mannitol produced a negligible effect on the cellular photodamage, indicating the intermediacy of O(2)((1)Δ(g)). Therefore, the presence of an adamantyl unit in the phthalocyanine macrocycle represents an interesting molecular architecture for potential phototherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laura Ochoa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Carneiro ZA, de Moraes JCB, Rodrigues FP, de Lima RG, Curti C, da Rocha ZN, Paulo M, Bendhack LM, Tedesco AC, Formiga ALB, da Silva RS. Photocytotoxic activity of a nitrosyl phthalocyanine ruthenium complex — A system capable of producing nitric oxide and singlet oxygen. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Robertson CA, Abrahamse H, Evans D. The in vitro PDT efficacy of a novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) derivative and established 5-ALA photosensitizing dyes against human metastatic melanoma cells. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 42:766-76. [PMID: 21246581 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Numerous worldwide clinical trials have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an effective and safe modality for various skin disorders, but little research has been done in terms of its effect on malignant melanomas (MM). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of both established porphyrin photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) photosensitizer on human metastatic skin cells which produce a MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cellular responses following PDT were assessed using changes in cell morphology, cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and proliferation. RESULTS Findings reported that in vitro human MM cell line A375 (EACC no: 88113005) are highly sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by the cytotoxic side-effects induced by MPc and 5-ALA photosensitizing treatments post-laser irradiation at 680 and 636 nm, respectively. The decrease of cell viability accompanied by an increased cytotoxicity and apoptotic and necrotic levels, with a time-dependant decrease in cellular proliferation was found to be far more significant for MPc-treated cells than 5-ALA-treated cells, since MPc was applied in far lower concentrations and exhibited far less photoxicity to control cells. CONCLUSION Hence, novel MPc proved to be the better photosensitizing dye for metastatic melanoma tumor destruction in combination with laser irradiation and is a particularly attractive photosensitizer since it exhibits so many ideal properties of a photosensitizing agent, thus further research of this possible anticancer agent could contribute to its potential application in PDT cancer treatment of MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Robertson
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Silylation enhancement of photodynamic activity of tetraphenylporphyrin derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nombona N, Chidawanyika W, Nyokong T. Photophysical behaviour of asymmetrically substituted metal free, Mg and Zn phthalocyanines in the presence of folic acid. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mesomeric effect on the structural and electronic properties of 4-(2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalonitrile. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Solvent effects for fluorescence and absorption of tetra (fluoroalkyl) metallophthalocyanines: Fluorocarbon solvent cage. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Photophysical properties of newly synthesized fluorinated zinc phthalocyanines in the presence of CdTe quantum dots and the accompanying energy transfer processes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu T, Wu LY, Choi JK, Berkman CE. In vitro targeted photodynamic therapy with a pyropheophorbide--a conjugated inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen. Prostate 2009; 69:585-94. [PMID: 19142895 PMCID: PMC2719770 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific delivery of photosensitizers (PSs), represents a significant limitation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The biomarker prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. Although recent efforts have been made to conjugate inhibitors of PSMA with imaging agents, there have been no reports on PS-conjugated PSMA inhibitors for targeted PDT of prostate cancer. The present study focuses on the use of a PSMA inhibitor-conjugate of pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa-conjugate 2) for targeted PDT to achieve apoptosis in PSMA+ LNCaP cells. METHODS Confocal laser scanning microscopy with a combination of nuclear staining and immunofluorescence methods were employed to monitor the specific imaging and PDT-mediated apoptotic effects on PSMA-positive LNCaP and PSMA-negative (PC-3) cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that PDT-mediated effects by Ppa-conjugate 2 were specific to LNCaP cells, but not PC-3 cells. Cell permeability was detected as early as 2 hr by HOE33342/PI double staining, becoming more intense by 4 hr. Evidence for the apoptotic caspase cascade being activated was based on the appearance of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) p85 fragment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay detected DNA fragmentation 16 hr post-PDT, confirming apoptotic events. CONCLUSIONS Cell permeability by HOE33342/PI double staining as well as PARP p85 fragment and TUNEL assays confirm cellular apoptosis in PSMA+ cells when treated with PS-inhibitor conjugate 2 and subsequently irradiated. It is expected that the PSMA targeting small-molecule of this conjugate can serve as a delivery vehicle for PDT and other therapeutic applications for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Correspondence to: Clifford E. Berkman, Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-4630, tel: (509) 335-7613, fax: (509) 335-8867,
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Yslas EI, Prucca C, Romanini S, Durantini EN, Bertuzzi M, Rivarola V. Biodistribution and phototherapeutic properties of Zinc (II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis (methoxy) phthalocyanine in vivo. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2009; 6:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao P, Niu L, Zhong C, Dong S, Zhang F. Synthesis, spectral properties of aluminum polymeric phthalocyanine carboxyl with low aggregation in aqueous solution. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Photochemical DNA cleavage by novel water-soluble sulfonated dihydroxy phosphorus(V) tetrabenzotriazacorrole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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