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Ren X, Wang X, Zheng G, Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan M, Xu T, Xu J, Huang P, Ge M. Targeting one-carbon metabolism for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1521. [PMID: 38279895 PMCID: PMC10819114 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that plays essential roles in biological reactions. In 1C metabolism, a series of nutrients are used to fuel metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cellular redox defence and epigenetic maintenance. At present, 1C metabolism is considered the hallmark of cancer. The 1C units obtained from the metabolic pathways increase the proliferation rate of cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate, which target 1C metabolism, have long been used in the clinic. In terms of immunotherapy, 1C metabolism has been used to explore biomarkers connected with immunotherapy response and immune-related adverse events in patients. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the roles of one-carbon metabolism in cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the important pathways in 1C metabolism and the function of 1C metabolism enzymes in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we summarise the inhibitors acting on 1C metabolism and their potential application on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we provide a viewpoint and conclusion regarding the opportunities and challenges of targeting 1C metabolism for cancer immunotherapy in clinical practicability in the future. CONCLUSION Targeting one-carbon metabolism is useful for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ren
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of PathologyCancer CenterZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Qi L, Li MC, Bai JC, Ren YH, Ma HX. In vitro antifungal activities, molecular docking, and DFT studies of 4-amine-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127902. [PMID: 33684439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Six disubstituted Schiff base compounds were synthesized (A1-A6) and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analyses (EA), 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. Crystal structure of A1 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The antifungal activities against three fungi were assessed, and the results showed that compounds of A1 and A2 have good activity for Wheat gibberellic with EC50 value of 15.89 and 16.99 mg/L, respectively. Compounds of A3, A4 and A6 have good bioactivity against Maize rough bacteria (the value of EC50 is 8.23, 7.56 and 7.92 mg/L, respectively). According to the result of molecular docking, compounds of A1 and A2 have the smallest docking energy (-8.33, -9.00 kcal/mol). Besides, for A1 and A2, the analysis of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis and molecular electrostatic potential map were to further elaborate the reason for the good activity with density functional theory (DFT)-B3LYP/6-31G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mou-Cui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Chao Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Naegleria fowleri: Protein structures to facilitate drug discovery for the deadly, pathogenic free-living amoeba. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241738. [PMID: 33760815 PMCID: PMC7990177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic, thermophilic, free-living amoeba which causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Penetrating the olfactory mucosa, the brain-eating amoeba travels along the olfactory nerves, burrowing through the cribriform plate to its destination: the brain’s frontal lobes. The amoeba thrives in warm, freshwater environments, with peak infection rates in the summer months and has a mortality rate of approximately 97%. A major contributor to the pathogen’s high mortality is the lack of sensitivity of N. fowleri to current drug therapies, even in the face of combination-drug therapy. To enable rational drug discovery and design efforts we have pursued protein production and crystallography-based structure determination efforts for likely drug targets from N. fowleri. The genes were selected if they had homology to drug targets listed in Drug Bank or were nominated by primary investigators engaged in N. fowleri research. In 2017, 178 N. fowleri protein targets were queued to the Seattle Structural Genomics Center of Infectious Disease (SSGCID) pipeline, and to date 89 soluble recombinant proteins and 19 unique target structures have been produced. Many of the new protein structures are potential drug targets and contain structural differences compared to their human homologs, which could allow for the development of pathogen-specific inhibitors. Five of the structures were analyzed in more detail, and four of five show promise that selective inhibitors of the active site could be found. The 19 solved crystal structures build a foundation for future work in combating this devastating disease by encouraging further investigation to stimulate drug discovery for this neglected pathogen.
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Molecular, Electronic, Nonlinear Optical and Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterocyclic 3-Substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones: Experiment and DFT Calculations. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, 3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones were obtained from the reaction between 3-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde and three different 4-amino-(3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones. In order to compare experimental and theoretical values, the geometric parameter, electronic, nonlinear optical properties, molecular electrostatic potentials and spectroscopic properties of 3-substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones have been simulated. The electronic properties of the newly synthesized compounds were calculated using DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods revealing parameters such as ionization potential, electron affinity, energy gap, electronegativity, molecular hardness, molecular softness, electrophilic index, nucleophilic index and chemical potential, all obtained from HOMO and LUMO energies, dipole moments and total energies. UV-visible absorption spectra and the stimulation contributions in UV-visible transitions were obtained by using TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and TD-DFT/B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) methods in ethanol. The calculated absorption wavelengths, oscillator power and excitation energies were compared with experimental values. In line with DFT, the numbers of molecular vibration were analyzed through the basis set of 6-311G(d,p). The recording of FT-IR frequencies was done for the pertinent compound. The recorded frequencies through DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods were compared to experimental values, with a result gained closest to the values of B3LYP. Finally, the Gaussian09W program package in DMSO phase, starting from the optimized structure, has been instrumental in calculating the 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR chemical shift values of the GIAO method.
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Chemistry and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-Triazolethiones-Antiviral and Anti-Infective Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133036. [PMID: 32635156 PMCID: PMC7412134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercapto-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are very interesting compounds as they play an important role in chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects on cancer. In recent decades, literature has been enriched with sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles which are used as a basic nucleus of different heterocyclic compounds with various biological applications in medicine and also occupy a huge part of natural products. Therefore, we shed, herein, more light on the synthesis of this interesting class and its application as a biologically active moiety. They might also be suitable as antiviral and anti-infective drugs.
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Petković B, Kesić S, Pešić V. Critical View on the Usage of Ribavirin in Already Existing Psychostimulant-Use Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:466-484. [PMID: 31939725 PMCID: PMC8383468 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115094642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substance-use disorder represents a frequently hidden non-communicable chronic disease. Patients with intravenous drug addiction are at high risk of direct exposure to a variety of viral infections and are considered to be the largest subpopulation infected with the hepatitis C virus. Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analog that has been used as an integral component of hepatitis C therapy. However, ribavirin medication is quite often associated with pronounced psychiatric adverse effects. It is not well understood to what extent ribavirin per se contributes to changes in drug-related neurobehavioral disturbances, especially in the case of psychostimulant drugs, such as amphetamine. It is now well-known that repeated amphetamine usage produces psychosis in humans and behavioral sensitization in animals. On the other hand, ribavirin has an affinity for adenosine A1 receptors that antagonistically modulate the activity of dopamine D1 receptors, which play a critical role in the development of behavioral sensitization. This review will focus on the current knowledge of neurochemical/ neurobiological changes that exist in the psychostimulant drug-addicted brain itself and the antipsychotic-like efficiency of adenosine agonists. Particular attention will be paid to the potential side effects of ribavirin therapy, and the opportunities and challenges related to its application in already existing psychostimulant-use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Petković
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia; Tel: +381-11-20-78-300; Fax: +381-11-27-61-433; E-mail:
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Taflan E, Bayrak H, Er M, Alpay Karaoğlu Ş, Bozdeveci A. Novel imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (ITD) hybrid compounds: Design, synthesis, efficient antibacterial activity and antioxidant effects. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synthesis of novel Schiff bases and azol-β-lactam derivatives starting from morpholine and thiomorpholine and investigation of their antitubercular, antiurease activity, acethylcolinesterase inhibition effect and antioxidant capacity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Raouf H, Beyramabadi SA, Allameh S, Morsali A. Synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterizations of a 1,2,4-triazole Schiff base and its nickel(II) complex. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Süleymanoğlu N, Ustabaş R, Direkel Ş, Alpaslan YB, Ünver Y. 1,2,4-triazole derivative with Schiff base; thiol-thione tautomerism, DFT study and antileishmanial activity. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yılmaz F, Menteşe E. Synthesis and Characterisation of Some Coumarin-1,2,4-Triazol-3-Thioether Hybrid Molecules. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14815427219040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of N′-{[(4-methyl/phenyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetyl}-2-oxo-2 H-chromene-3-carbohydrazides was synthesised via the reaction of 2-[(4-methyl/phenyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetohydrazides and 3-(1 H-benzotriazol-1-ylcarbonyl)-2 H-chromen-2-ones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 53100-Rize, Turkey
| | - Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 53100-Rize, Turkey
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new Mannich and Schiff bases containing 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Irshaid FI, Jacob JH, A. Al-Soud Y, Mohammed HA. Nematocidal effect of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 11(3): 156-161, 2016. DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2016.156.161. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2016.156.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schowen KB, Schowen RL, Borchardt SE, Borchardt PM, Artursson P, Audus KL, Augustijns P, Nicolazzo JA, Raub TJ, Schöneich C, Siahaan TJ, Takakura Y, Thakker DR, Wolfe MS. A Tribute to Ronald T. Borchardt—Teacher, Mentor, Scientist, Colleague, Leader, Friend, and Family Man. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:370-385. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Structural insights into the reaction mechanism of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16641. [PMID: 26573329 PMCID: PMC4647836 DOI: 10.1038/srep16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAH hydrolase or SAHH) is a highly conserved enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to L-homocysteine (HCY) and adenosine (ADO). High-resolution crystal structures have been reported for bacterial and plant SAHHs, but not mammalian SAHHs. Here, we report the first high-resolution crystal structure of mammalian SAHH (mouse SAHH) in complex with a reaction product (ADO) and with two reaction intermediate analogues—3’-keto-aristeromycin (3KA) and noraristeromycin (NRN)—at resolutions of 1.55, 1.55, and 1.65 Å. Each of the three structures constitutes a structural snapshot of one of the last three steps of the five-step process of SAH hydrolysis by SAHH. In the NRN complex, a water molecule, which is an essential substrate for ADO formation, is structurally identified for the first time as the candidate donor in a Michael addition by SAHH to the 3’-keto-4’,5’-didehydroadenosine reaction intermediate. The presence of the water molecule is consistent with the reaction mechanism proposed by Palmer & Abeles in 1979. These results provide insights into the reaction mechanism of the SAHH enzyme.
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Kahveci B, Yılmaz F, Menteşe E, Ülker S. Microwave-assisted synthesis of some new coumarin derivatives including 1,2,4-triazol-3-one and investigation of their biological activities. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Molecular characterization and interactome analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi tryparedoxin II. J Proteomics 2015; 120:95-104. [PMID: 25765699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, possesses two tryparedoxins (TcTXNI and TcTXNII), belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily. TXNs are oxidoreductases which mediate electron transfer between trypanothione and peroxiredoxins. This constitutes a difference with the host cells, in which these activities are mediated by thioredoxins. These differences make TXNs an attractive target for drug development. In a previous work we characterized TcTXNI, including the redox interactome. In this work we extend the study to TcTXNII. We demonstrate that TcTXNII is a transmembrane protein anchored to the surface of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, with a cytoplasmatic orientation of the redox domain. It would be expressed during the metacyclogenesis process. In order to continue with the characterization of the redox interactome of T. cruzi, we designed an active site mutant TcTXNII lacking the resolving cysteine, and through the expression of this mutant protein and incubation with T. cruzi proteins, heterodisulfide complexes were isolated by affinity chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. This allowed us to identify sixteen TcTXNII interacting proteins, which are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, indicating the relevance of TcTXNII, and contributing to our understanding of the redox interactome of T. cruzi. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, constitutes a major sanitary problem in Latin America. The number of estimated infected persons is ca. 8 million, 28 million people are at risk of infection and ~20,000 deaths occur per year in endemic regions. No vaccines are available at present, and most drugs currently in use were developed decades ago and show variable efficacy with undesirable side effects. The parasite is able to live and prolipherate inside macrophage phagosomes, where it is exposed to cytotoxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, derived from macrophage activation. Therefore, T. cruzi antioxidant mechanisms constitute an active field of investigation, since they could provide the basis for a rational drug development. Peroxide detoxification in this parasite is achieved by ascorbate peroxidase and different thiol-dependent peroxidases. Among them, both mitochondrial and cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidases, typical two-cysteine peroxiredoxins, were found to be important for hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite detoxification and their expression levels correlated with parasite infectivity and virulence. In trypanosomes tryparedoxins and not thioredoxins act as peroxiredoxin reductases, suggesting that these enzymes substitute thioredoxins in these parasites. T. cruzi possesses two tryparedoxin genes, TcTXNI and TcTXN II. Since thioredoxins are proteins with several targets actively participating of complex redox networks, we have previously investigated if this is the case also for TcTXNI, for which we described relevant partners (J Proteomics. 2011;74(9):1683-92). In this manuscript we investigated the interactions of TcTXNII. We have designed an active site mutant tryparedoxin II lacking the resolving cysteine and, through the expression of this mutant protein and its incubation with T. cruzi proteins, hetero disulfide complexes were isolated by affinity chromatography purification and identified by electrophoresis separation and MS identification. This allowed us to identify sixteen TcTXNII interacting proteins which are involved in different and relevant cellular processes. Moreover, we demonstrate that TcTXNII is a transmembrane protein anchored to the surface of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Design and synthesis of a series of truncated neplanocin fleximers. Molecules 2014; 19:21200-14. [PMID: 25521119 PMCID: PMC6270936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to study the effects of flexibility on enzyme recognition and activity, we have developed several different series of flexible nucleoside analogues in which the purine base is split into its respective imidazole and pyrimidine components. The focus of this particular study was to synthesize the truncated neplanocin A fleximers to investigate their potential anti-protozoan activities by inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase). The three fleximers tested displayed poor anti-trypanocidal activities, with EC50 values around 200 μM. Further studies of the corresponding ribose fleximers, most closely related to the natural nucleoside substrates, revealed low affinity for the known T. brucei nucleoside transporters P1 and P2, which may be the reason for the lack of trypanocidal activity observed.
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Wang Y, Kavran JM, Chen Z, Karukurichi KR, Leahy DJ, Cole PA. Regulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by lysine acetylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31361-72. [PMID: 25248746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is an NAD(+)-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine and is important in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression. Loss of SAHH function can result in global inhibition of cellular methyltransferase enzymes because of high levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Prior proteomics studies have identified two SAHH acetylation sites at Lys(401) and Lys(408) but the impact of these post-translational modifications has not yet been determined. Here we use expressed protein ligation to produce semisynthetic SAHH acetylated at Lys(401) and Lys(408) and show that modification of either position negatively impacts the catalytic activity of SAHH. X-ray crystal structures of 408-acetylated SAHH and dually acetylated SAHH have been determined and reveal perturbations in the C-terminal hydrogen bonding patterns, a region of the protein important for NAD(+) binding. These crystal structures along with mutagenesis data suggest that such hydrogen bond perturbations are responsible for SAHH catalytic inhibition by acetylation. These results suggest how increased acetylation of SAHH may globally influence cellular methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zan Chen
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
| | | | - Daniel J Leahy
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Philip A Cole
- From the Deptartments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and
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Novel indolyl-pyrimidine derivatives: synthesis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant evaluations. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bektaş H, Ceylan Ş, Demirbaş N, Alpay-Karaoğlu Ş, Sökmen BB. Antimicrobial and antiurease activities of newly synthesized morpholine derivatives containing an azole nucleus. Med Chem Res 2013; 22:3629-3639. [PMID: 23807823 PMCID: PMC3685705 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2-[6-(Morpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino]acetohydrazide (4) was obtained starting from 6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-amine (2) via the formation of ester (3) and then converted to the corresponding Schiff bases (5, 6) with the reaction with aromatic aldehydes. The carbothioamide (9), obtained from the reaction of hydrazide with phenylisothiocyanate, was converted to the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole (11) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole (12) derivatives by the treatment with NaOH or H2SO4, respectively. The cyclocondenzation of 9 with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide or ethyl bromoacetate produced the corresponding 1,3-thiazole (10) or 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives (13), respectively. Antimicrobial and antiurease activities of newly synthesized compounds were investigated. Some of them were found to be active on M. smegmatis, and they displayed activity toward C. albicans and S. cerevisiae in high concentration. Compound 10 proved to be the most potent showing an enzyme inhibition activity with an IC50 = 2.37 ± 0.19 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Bektaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Şule Ceylan
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forest, Artvin Coruh University, 08100 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demirbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Şengül Alpay-Karaoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rize University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sökmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
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22
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Mentese MY, Bayrak H, Uygun Y, Mermer A, Ulker S, Karaoglu SA, Demirbas N. Microwave assisted synthesis of some hybrid molecules derived from norfloxacin and investigation of their biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:230-42. [PMID: 23871903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Norfloxacin was converted to 7-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)piperazin derivative (2) via the formation of nitro compound. The synthesis of the norfloxacin derivatives containing 1,3-thiazole or 1,3-thiazolidin moiety was performed from the reaction of 4-chlorophenacylbromide or ethyl bromoacetate with compounds 4-7 obtained starting from 2. 3-Fluoro-4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline (14), 5-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (18) and {[4-(2-methoxy phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (19) were obtained starting from 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine by several steps. The treatment of hydrazide (16) with several aldehydes afforded N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylen]- (20), N'-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)methylen]- (21) or N'-[1H-indol-3-ylmethylene]-2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]acetohydrazide (22). Then, compounds 14, 18, 19 and 22 were condensed with 7-[4-(chloroacetyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (3) that was obtained from norfloxacine. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of them exhibited excellent activity. Moreover, one compound was found to have antiurease activity.
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23
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Synthesis of certain tetrahydroacridine derivatives of anticipated medicinal value. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Sahin D, Bayrak H, Demirbas A, Demirbas N, Alpay-Karaoglu S. Design and synthesis of some azole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-9992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Arafa WAA, Mohamed AS. Convenient One Pot Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some New Mannich Bases Carrying 1,2,4-Triazolyl Moiety. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Bektas H, Demirbas A, Demirbas N, Karaoglu SA. Synthesis and biological activity studies of new hybrid molecules containing tryptamine moiety. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Cai S, Fang J, Li QS, Borchardt RT, Kuczera K, Middaugh CR, Schowen RL. Comparative kinetics of cofactor association and dissociation for the human and trypanosomal S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases. 3. Role of lysyl and tyrosyl residues of the C-terminal extension. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8434-41. [PMID: 20687591 DOI: 10.1021/bi1007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the available X-ray structures of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases (SAHHs), free energy simulations employing the MM-GBSA approach were applied to predict residues important to the differential cofactor binding properties of human and trypanosomal SAHHs (Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH), within 5 Å of the cofactor NAD(+)/NADH binding site. Among the 38 residues in this region, only four are different between the two enzymes. Surprisingly, the four nonidentical residues make no major contribution to differential cofactor binding between Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH. On the other hand, four pairs of identical residues are shown by free energy simulations to differentiate cofactor binding between Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH. Experimental mutagenesis was performed to test these predictions for a lysine residue and a tyrosine residue of the C-terminal extension that penetrates a partner subunit to form part of the cofactor binding site. The K431A mutant of Tc-SAHH (TcK431A) loses its cofactor binding affinity but retains the wild type's tetrameric structure, while the corresponding mutant of Hs-SAHH (HsK426A) loses both cofactor affinity and tetrameric structure [Ault-Riche, D. B., et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31472-31478]. The tyrosine mutants HsY430A and TcY435A alter the NAD(+) association and dissociation kinetics, with HsY430A increasing the cofactor equilibrium dissociation constant from approximately 10 nM (Hs-SAHH) to ∼800 nM and TcY435A increasing the cofactor equilibrium dissociation constant from approximately 100 nM (Tc-SAHH) to ∼1 mM. Both changes result from larger increases in the off rate combined with smaller decreases in the on rate. These investigations demonstrate that computational free energy decomposition may be used to guide experimental studies by suggesting sensitive sites for mutagenesis. Our finding that identical residues in two orthologous proteins may give significantly different binding free energy contributions strongly suggests that comparative studies of homologous proteins should investigate not only different residues but also identical residues in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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28
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Abdel-Monem WR. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new polyheterocyclic systems containing 1,2,4-triazine moiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.1.3.168-172.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Cai S, Li QS, Fang J, Borchardt RT, Kuczera K, Middaugh CR, Schowen RL. The rationale for targeting the NAD/NADH cofactor binding site of parasitic S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase for the design of anti-parasitic drugs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:485-503. [PMID: 20183598 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomal S-adenoyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Tc-SAHH), considered as a target for treatment of Chagas disease, has the same catalytic mechanism as human SAHH (Hs-SAHH) and both enzymes have very similar x-ray structures. Efforts toward the design of selective inhibitors against Tc-SAHH targeting the substrate binding site have not to date shown any significant promise. Systematic kinetic and thermodynamic studies on association and dissociation of cofactor NAD/H for Tc-SAHH and Hs-SAHH provide a rationale for the design of anti-parasitic drugs directed toward cofactor-binding sites. Analogues of NAD and their reduced forms show significant selective inactivation of Tc-SAHH, confirming that this design approach is rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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30
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Ali TES, El-Kazak AM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 1,3-thiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3-thiazines incorporating acridine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.1.1.6-11.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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De Clercq E. Another ten stories in antiviral drug discovery (part C): "Old" and "new" antivirals, strategies, and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:611-45. [PMID: 19260077 DOI: 10.1002/med.20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ten stories told here deal with (i) ribavirin as an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase and (ii) ribavirin, in combination with pegylated interferon, as the present "standard of care" for hepatitis C; (iii) S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors as antiviral agents; (iv) new adamantadine derivatives for the treatment of influenza A virus infections; (v) 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines (i.e. IDU, TFT) for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections; (vi) acyclic guanosine analogues (e.g. acyclovir) for the treatment of HSV infections; (vii) OMP decarboxylase inhibitors (i.e. pyrazofurin) and CTP synthetase inhibitors (i.e. cyclopentenylcytosine) as possible antiviral agents; (viii) the future of cidofovir (and alkoxyalkyl esters thereof) and ST-246 as potential antipoxvirus agents; (ix) the two decade journey from tivirapine to rilpivirine in the ultimate therapy of HIV infections; and (x) the extension of the therapeutic application of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) to the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, in addition to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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