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Munir R, Zahoor AF, Javed S, Parveen B, Mansha A, Irfan A, Khan SG, Irfan A, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Mojzych M. Simmons-Smith Cyclopropanation: A Multifaceted Synthetic Protocol toward the Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5651. [PMID: 37570621 PMCID: PMC10420228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation is a widely used reaction in organic synthesis for stereospecific conversion of alkenes into cyclopropane. The utility of this reaction can be realized by the fact that the cyclopropane motif is a privileged synthetic intermediate and a core structural unit of many biologically active natural compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, amino acids, fatty acids, polyketides and drugs. The modified form of Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation involves the employment of Et2Zn and CH2I2 (Furukawa reagent) toward the total synthesis of a variety of structurally complex natural products that possess broad range of biological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. This review aims to provide an intriguing glimpse of the Furukawa-modified Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation, within the year range of 2005 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Munir
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Asim Mansha
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ali Irfan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (R.M.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (S.G.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Laboratory of Experimental Cytology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3-go Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Osawa T, Yano N, Aoyama H, Obika S. Synthesis, Duplex-Forming Ability, and Nuclease Resistance of Oligonucleotides Containing a Thymidine Derivative with a 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decane Skeleton. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:699-706. [PMID: 36184452 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleic acids are essential for the therapeutic application of oligonucleotides. In this study, 6'-C-spiro-thymidine exhibiting a fixed torsion angle γ was designed, synthesized, and incorporated into oligonucleotides. The conformational analysis of the 6'-C-spiro-thymidine monomer revealed that its torsion angle γ was in the +synclinal range (approx. 60°), which is similar to that in a natural RNA duplex, as expected. On the other hand, the sugar conformation of the RNA duplex is known to be predominantly an N-type, whereas that of the synthesized monomer was an S-type. The results of the UV melting analysis demonstrated that the duplex-forming ability of 6'-C-spiro-thymidine was inferior to that of natural DNA. Contrarily, 6'-C-spiro-thymidine could enhance the stability of oligonucleotides toward nucleases. Particularly, the incorporation of 6'-C-spiro-thymidine on the 3'-ends of the oligonucleotides significantly increased the nuclease resistance of the oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Natsumi Yano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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