1
|
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the maintenance of muscle and bone and the support of male sexual-related functions, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, AR-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of related human diseases and conditions. AR agonists are an important class of drugs in the treatment of bone loss and muscle atrophy. AR antagonists have also been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, selective AR degraders (SARDs) have been reported. More recently, heterobifunctional degrader molecules of AR have been developed, and four such compounds are now in clinical development for the treatment of human prostate cancer. This review attempts to summarize the different types of compounds designed to target AR and the current frontiers of research on this important therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis of saturated nitrogen heterocycles by Strecker reaction – nucleophilic cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
3
|
Wang X, Han W, Li J. QSAR Analysis of a Series of Hydantoin-based Androgen Receptor Modulators and Corresponding Binding Affinities. Mol Inform 2019; 38:e1800147. [PMID: 30969473 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of intracellular ligand-dependent transcription factors, plays an indispensable role in normal male development through the regulation of androgen through the binding with endogenous androgens. Inappropriate amounts of androgens have a severe adverse effect on men. Excessive androgen may contribute to accelerate prostatic hypertrophy, even prostate cancer, while the absence of androgen may result in reduced muscle mass and strength, decreased bone mass, low energy, diminished sexual function and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture. In these cases, androgen receptor modulators are important to maintain the normal biological function of AR. So androgen receptor modulators are necessary for human being to improve their happy life index. To explore the relationships between molecular structures and corresponding binding abilities to aid the new AR modulator design, multiple linear regressions (MLR) are employed to analyze a series of hydantoin analogues, which can bind to androgen receptor acting as AR modulators. The obtained optimum model presents wonderful reliabilities and strong predictive abilities with R2 =0.858, Q L O O 2 =0.822, Q L M O 2 =0.813, Q F 1 2 =0.840, Q F 2 2 =0.807, Q F 3 2 =0.814, CCC=0.893, respectively. The derived model can be used to predict the binding abilities of unknown chemicals and may help to design novel molecules with better AR affinity activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenya Han
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiazhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Shan W, Balog A, Nation A, Zhu X, Chen J, Cvijic ME, Geng J, Rizzo CA, Spires T, Attar RM, Obermeier M, Traeger S, Dai J, Zhang Y, Galella M, Trainor G, Vite GD, Gavai AV. [2.2.1]-Bicyclic sultams as potent androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5707-5711. [PMID: 27836399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the discovery, synthesis, SAR, and biological activity of [2.2.1]-bicyclic sultams as potent antagonists of the androgen receptor. Optimization of the series led to the identification of compound 25, which displayed robust pharmacodynamic effects in rats after oral dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Shan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Aaron Balog
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Andrew Nation
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Jieping Geng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Cheryl A Rizzo
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Thomas Spires
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ricardo M Attar
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Mary Obermeier
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Sarah Traeger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Jun Dai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Michael Galella
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - George Trainor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Gregory D Vite
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V Gavai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harusawa S, Shioiri T. Diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC): a versatile reagent for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Li J, Bai F, Liu H, Gramatica P. Ligand Efficiency Outperforms pIC50on Both 2D MLR and 3D CoMFA Models: A Case Study on AR Antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015. [PMID: 26198098 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Li
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 West Donggang Road 730000 Lanzhou China
- The Separating Scientific Institute of Lanzhou; 3 Weiyi Road 730000 Lanzhou China
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 West Donggang Road 730000 Lanzhou China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 West Donggang Road 730000 Lanzhou China
| | - Paola Gramatica
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; via Dunant 3 21100 Varese Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nyrönen TH, Söderholm AA. Structural basis for computational screening of non-steroidal androgen receptor ligands. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 5:5-20. [PMID: 22823968 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903468680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Deep structural and chemical understanding of the protein target and computational methods for detection of receptor-selective ligands are important for the early drug discovery in the steroid receptor field. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on the use of currently available structural information of the androgen receptor (AR) and known AR ligands to make computational strategies for the discovery of AR ligands in order to offer new chemical platforms for drug development. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN AR is a challenging target for drug discovery and modeling even if there is a wealth of experimental data available. First, only the active structure of AR is currently known, which hampers the design of AR antagonists. Second, the structural similarity between the ligand-binding sites of AR and its mutated forms and closely related steroid receptors (SRs) such as progesterone receptors presents challenges for the development of drugs with receptor-selective function. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Research indicates that a very small chemical change in the structure of a non-steroidal ligand can cause a complete change in its activity. One source of this effect arises from binding to similar binding sites in related SRs and other proteins in the signaling pathway. Currently, computational methods are not able to predict the subtle differences between AR ligand activities but modeling does offer the possibility of generating new lead structures that might have the desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommi H Nyrönen
- CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd., P.O. Box 405, Espoo, FI-02101, Finland +358 9 4572235 ; +358 9 4572302 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu B, Su L, Geng J, Liu J, Zhao G. Developments in Nonsteroidal Antiandrogens Targeting the Androgen Receptor. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1651-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
10
|
Xiao HY, Balog A, Attar RM, Fairfax D, Fleming LB, Holst CL, Martin GS, Rossiter LM, Chen J, Cvjic ME, Dell-John J, Geng J, Gottardis MM, Han WC, Nation A, Obermeier M, Rizzo CA, Schweizer L, Spires T, Shan W, Gavai A, Salvati ME, Vite G. Design and synthesis of 4-[3,5-dioxo-11-oxa-4,9-diazatricyclo[5.3.1.0(2,6)]undec-4-yl]-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitriles as androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4491-5. [PMID: 20584610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of 4-[3,5-dioxo-11-oxa-4,9-diazatricyclo[5.3.1.0(2,6)]undec-4-yl]-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitriles has been synthesized. The ability of these compounds to act as antagonists of the androgen receptor was investigated and several were found to have potent activity in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Xiao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hussain A, Hameed S, Stoeckli-Evans H. 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl-sulfon-yl)-5-methyl-5-phenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1207-8. [PMID: 21583077 PMCID: PMC2969567 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809016092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(17)H(16)N(2)O(5)S, crystallized in the chiral monoclinic space group P2(1), with two enanti-omeric mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. It is composed of a methyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione unit substituted with a phenyl group and a 4-methoxy-phenyl-sulfonyl group. The benzene ring mean planes are inclined to one another by 22.20 (14)° in mol-ecule A and by 15.82 (13)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal structure, the A and B mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers. A number of C-H⋯O inter-actions are also present in the crystal structure, leading to the formation of a three-dimensinoal network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Helen Stoeckli-Evans
- Institute of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang X, Xu JF. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2,5-Dihydro-1H-pyrroles, 1,3-Dioxo-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles and 1,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines Using a Supported Selenium Resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:350-4. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (XixiCampus), Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (XixiCampus), Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Narayanan R, He Y, Hwang DJ, Dalton JT, Miller DD. Nonsteroidal Tissue‐Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527623297.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Narayanan R, Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2008; 6:e010. [PMID: 19079612 PMCID: PMC2602589 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the function of several organs including primary and accessory sexual organs, skeletal muscle, and bone, making it a desirable therapeutic target. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) bind to the AR and demonstrate osteo- and myo-anabolic activity; however, unlike testosterone and other anabolic steroids, these nonsteroidal agents produce less of a growth effect on prostate and other secondary sexual organs. SARMs provide therapeutic opportunities in a variety of diseases, including muscle wasting associated with burns, cancer, or end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and hypogonadism. This review summarizes the current standing of research and development of SARMs, crystallography of AR with SARMs, plausible mechanisms for their action and the potential therapeutic indications for this emerging class of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Shen Y, van Oeveren A, Marschke KB, Zhi L. Discovery of a novel series of nonsteroidal androgen receptor modulators: 5- or 6-oxachrysen-2-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3431-5. [PMID: 18442912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxachrysenone series (2) of nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) was developed based on the 6-aryl-2-quinolinones (1). Synthesis and preliminary SAR results based on in vitro assays are discussed. In the cotransfection assay, lead compound 5d showed AR agonist activity more potent than dihydrotestosterone (DHT), whereas compound 17b was a potent antagonist similar to bicalutamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Discovery Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc., 10275 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salvati ME, Balog A, Shan W, Rampulla R, Giese S, Mitt T, Furch JA, Vite GD, Attar RM, Jure-Kunkel M, Geng J, Rizzo CA, Gottardis MM, Krystek SR, Gougoutas J, Galella MA, Obermeier M, Fura A, Chandrasena G. Identification and optimization of a novel series of [2.2.1]-oxabicyclo imide-based androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1910-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Murray RG, Whitehead DM, Le Strat F, Conway SJ. Facile one-pot synthesis of 5-substituted hydantoins. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:988-91. [PMID: 18327322 DOI: 10.1039/b719675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
5-Substituted and 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins are synthesised from the corresponding aldehydes or ketones, using a one-pot, gallium(III) triflate-catalysed procedure that is compatible with a range of substrates and solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross G Murray
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stereoselective synthesis of substituted 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes by iodine-mediated cyclization of optically pure compounds containing the 4,5-diamino-1,7-octadiene and 1,2-diamino-4-alkene moieties. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Bohl CE, Wu Z, Miller DD, Bell CE, Dalton JT. Crystal structure of the T877A human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain complexed to cyproterone acetate provides insight for ligand-induced conformational changes and structure-based drug design. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:13648-55. [PMID: 17311914 PMCID: PMC2080778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611711200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a steroidal antiandrogen used clinically in the treatment of prostate cancer. Compared with steroidal agonists for the androgen receptor (AR) (e.g. dihydrotestosterone, R1881), CPA is bulkier in structure and therefore seemingly incompatible with the binding pockets observed in currently available x-ray crystal structures of the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD). We solved the x-ray crystal structure of the human AR LBD bound to CPA at 1.8A in the T877A variant, a mutation known to increase the agonist activity of CPA and therefore facilitate purification and crystal formation of the receptor.drug complex. The structure demonstrates that bulk from the 17alpha-acetate group of CPA induces movement of the Leu-701 side chain, which results in partial unfolding of the C-terminal end of helix 11 and displacement of the loop between helices 11 and 12 in comparison to all other AR LBD crystal structures published to date. This structural alteration leads to an expansion of the AR binding cavity to include an additional pocket bordered by Leu-701, Leu-704, Ser-778, Met-780, Phe-876, and Leu-880. Further, we found that CPA invokes transcriptional activation in the L701A AR at low nanomolar concentrations similar to the T877A mutant. Analogous mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and progesterone receptor were constructed, and we found that CPA was also converted into a potent agonist in the M560A GR. Altogether, these data offer information for structure-based drug design, elucidate flexible regions of the AR LBD, and provide insight as to how CPA antagonizes the AR and GR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Amino Acids
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Cyproterone Acetate/chemistry
- Cyproterone Acetate/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mutation, Missense
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid
- Receptors, Progesterone
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Bohl
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun C, Robl JA, Wang TC, Huang Y, Kuhns JE, Lupisella JA, Beehler BC, Golla R, Sleph PG, Seethala R, Fura A, Krystek SR, An Y, Malley MF, Sack JS, Salvati ME, Grover GJ, Ostrowski J, Hamann LG. Discovery of Potent, Orally-Active, and Muscle-Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Based on anN-Aryl-hydroxybicyclohydantoin Scaffold†. J Med Chem 2006; 49:7596-9. [PMID: 17181141 DOI: 10.1021/jm061101w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel, N-aryl-bicyclohydantoin selective androgen receptor modulator scaffold was discovered through structure-guided modifications of androgen receptor antagonists. A prototype compound (7R,7aS)-10b from this series is a potent and highly tissue-selective agonist of the androgen receptor. After oral dosing in a rat atrophied levator ani muscle model, (7R,7aS)-10b demonstrated efficacy at restoring levator ani muscle mass to that of intact controls and exhibited >50-fold selectivity for muscle over prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Sun
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Post Office Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang X, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Synthesis and SAR of novel hydantoin derivatives as selective androgen receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5763-6. [PMID: 16959487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of hydantoin derivatives were identified by in vivo studies as tissue selective androgen receptor modulators. SAR around this series revealed that the function of the ligand could be altered by minor structural modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parent EE, Dence CS, Sharp TL, Welch MJ, Katzenellenbogen JA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a fluorine-18-labeled nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist, N-(3-[18F]fluoro-4-nitronaphthyl)-cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic imide. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:615-24. [PMID: 16843836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen receptor (AR), which is overexpressed in most prostate cancers, is the target of androgen ablation and antiandrogen therapies: it is also the target for the receptor-mediated imaging of AR-positive prostate cancer using radiolabeled ligands. Previous AR imaging agents were based on a steroidal core labeled with fluorine. To develop a novel class of nonsteroidal imaging agents, with binding and pharmacological characteristics that are more similar to those of clinically used AR antagonists, we synthesized N-(3-fluoro-4-nitronaphthyl)-cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic imide (3-F-NNDI), an analog of recently reported AR antagonist ligands. METHODS 3-F-NNDI was synthesized in six steps starting with 1-nitronaphthalene, with fluorine incorporation as the final step. The labeling of 3-F-NNDI with fluorine-18 was achieved through a novel, extremely mild, S(N)Ar displacement reaction of an o-nitro-activated arene trimethylammonium salt, and 3-[(18)F]F-NNDI was prepared in high specific activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3-F-NNDI was found to have an AR-binding affinity similar to that of its parent compound. In vitro assays demonstrated high stability of the labeled compound under physiological conditions in buffer and in the blood. Androgen target tissue uptake in diethylstilbestrol-pretreated male rats, however, was minimal, probably because of extensive metabolic defluorination the radiolabeled ligand. CONCLUSIONS This study is part of our first look at a novel class of nonsteroidal AR antagonists as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents that are alternatives to steroidal AR agonist-based imaging agents. Although 3-[(18)F]F-NNDI has significant affinity for AR, it showed limited promise as a PET imaging agent because of its poor target tissue distribution properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim E Parent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Gao
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fiorelli C, Marchioro C, Martelli G, Monari M, Savoia D. Iodine-Mediated Cyclization of (4R,5R)-4,5-Diamino-N,N′-bis[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-1,7-octadiene - A Stereoselective Route to 2,5-Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Bohl CE, Miller DD, Chen J, Bell CE, Dalton JT. Structural basis for accommodation of nonsteroidal ligands in the androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:37747-54. [PMID: 16129672 PMCID: PMC2072880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507464200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which the androgen receptor (AR) distinguishes between agonist and antagonist ligands is poorly understood. AR antagonists are currently used to treat prostate cancer. However, mutations commonly develop in patients that convert these compounds to agonists. Recently, our laboratory discovered selective androgen receptor modulators, which structurally resemble the nonsteroidal AR antagonists bicalutamide and hydroxyflutamide but act as agonists for the androgen receptor in a tissue-selective manner. To investigate why subtle structural changes to both the ligand and the receptor (i.e. mutations) result in drastic changes in activity, we studied structure-activity relationships for nonsteroidal AR ligands through crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis, comparing bound conformations of R-bicalutamide, hydroxyflutamide, and two previously reported nonsteroidal androgens, S-1 and R-3. These studies provide the first crystallographic evidence of the mechanism by which nonsteroidal ligands interact with the wild type AR. We have shown that changes induced to the positions of Trp-741, Thr-877, and Met-895 allow for ligand accommodation within the AR binding pocket and that a water-mediated hydrogen bond to the backbone oxygen of Leu-873 and the ketone of hydroxyflutamide is present when bound to the T877A AR variant. Additionally, we demonstrated that R-bicalutamide stimulates transcriptional activation in AR harboring the M895T point mutation. As a whole, these studies provide critical new insight for receptor-based drug design of nonsteroidal AR agonists and antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Bohl
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salvati ME, Balog A, Shan W, Wei DD, Pickering D, Attar RM, Geng J, Rizzo CA, Gottardis MM, Weinmann R, Krystek SR, Sack J, An Y, Kish K. Structure based approach to the design of bicyclic-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione based androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:271-6. [PMID: 15603938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of isoindoledione based compounds were identified as potent antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR). Co-crystallization of members of this family of inhibitors was successfully accomplished with the T877A AR LBD. A working model of how this class of compounds functions to antagonize the AR was created. Based on this model, it was proposed that expanding the bicyclic portion of the molecule should result in analogs which function as effective antagonists against a variety of AR isoforms. In contrast to what was predicted by the model, SAR around this new series was dictated by the aniline portion rather than the bicyclic portion of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Salvati
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|