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Hou TY, Weng CF, Leong MK. Insight Analysis of Promiscuous Estrogen Receptor α-Ligand Binding by a Novel Machine Learning Scheme. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:799-813. [PMID: 30019586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a significant role in occurrence of breast cancer and may cause various adverse side-effects when ERα is an off-target protein. A theoretical model was derived to predict the binding affinity of ERα using the pharmacophore ensemble/support vector machine (PhE/SVM) scheme to consider the promiscuous characteristic of ERα. The estimations by PhE/SVM were discovered to be in good agreement with the observed values for those training molecules ( n = 31, r2 = 0.80, qCV2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.57, s = 0.58), test molecules ( n = 179, q2 = 0.91-0.96, RMSE = 0.33, s = 0.26) and outliers ( n = 15, q2 = 0.80-0.86, RMSE = 0.56, s = 0.49). When subjected to various statistical validations, the PhE/SVM model consistently fulfilled the strictest criteria. A mock test also asserted its predictivity. When compared with crystal structures, the calculated results are consistent with the reported ERα-ligand co-complex structure, and the plasticity nature of ERα is also disclosed. Consequently, this precise, fast, and robust model can be adopted to predict ERα-ligand binding affinities and to design safer non-ERα-targeted pharmaceuticals in the process of drug discovery and development.
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Johansson Seechurn CCC, Gazić Smilović I, Colacot T, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Časar Z. Development of concise two-step catalytic approach towards lasofoxifene precursor nafoxidine. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2691-2697. [PMID: 29678534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have elaborated a two-step catalytic approach to nafoxidine, a key precursor to lasofoxifene. Firstly, an efficient α-arylation of 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one with chlorobenzene was developed, which operates at low 0.1 mol% Pd-132 catalyst loading in the presence of 1.9 equivalents of sodium tert-butoxide at 60 °C in 1,4-dioxane and provides 6-methoxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one in 90% yield. Secondly, we have demonstrated that 6-methoxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one can be converted to nafoxidine in 61% yield via CeCl3 promoted reaction with (4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)lithium, which is formed in-situ from the corresponding arylbromide precursor and n-butyllithium. Altogether, the shortest two-step approach to nafoxidine from simple tetralone commodity starting material has been developed with overall 55% yield. The developed synthetic approach to nafoxidine has several beneficial aspects over the one used in the synthetic route primarily developed for the preparation of lasofoxifene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Gazić Smilović
- Lek Pharmaceuticals, d.d., Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Verovškova ulica 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Colacot
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, Nolte Drive, West Deptford, USA
| | - Antonio Zanotti-Gerosa
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Lek Pharmaceuticals, d.d., Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Verovškova ulica 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wang J, Jia S, Okuyama K, Huang Z, Tokunaga E, Sumii Y, Shibata N. Synthesis of Sulfur Perfluorophenyl Compounds Using a Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl Hypervalent Iodonium Ylide. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11939-11945. [PMID: 28895393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylide 3 was designed and synthesized as a useful tool for the preparation of sulfur pentafluorophenyl compounds containing a C6F5S or C6F5SO2 unit. Electrophilic pentafluorophenylthiolation of enamines, formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of nitriles and alkynes, and intramolecular SNAr cyclization were achieved using iodonium ylide 3. The fluoro-click reaction was also demonstrated using one of the products via an intermolecular SNAr reaction with heterocentered nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shichong Jia
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Keri RS, Chand K, Budagumpi S, Balappa Somappa S, Patil SA, Nagaraja BM. An overview of benzo[b]thiophene-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1002-1033. [PMID: 28759875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among sulfur containing heterocycles, benzothiophene and its derivatives are at the focus as these candidates have structural similarities with active compounds to develop new potent lead molecules in drug design. Benzo[b]thiophene scaffold is one of the privileged structures in drug discovery as this core exhibits various biological activities allowing them to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant agents and many more. Further, numerous benzothiophene-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which has led to their extensive developments. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzothiophene, their structure activity relationships (SAR) have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules against numerous diseases. The present review is endeavoring to highlight the progress in the various pharmacological activities of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic benzothiophene-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes. Also, SAR studies that highlight the chemical groups responsible for evoking the potential activities of benzothiophene derivatives are studied and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Sasidhar Balappa Somappa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
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Min J, Guillen VS, Sharma A, Zhao Y, Ziegler Y, Gong P, Mayne CG, Srinivasan S, Kim SH, Carlson KE, Nettles KW, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Adamantyl Antiestrogens with Novel Side Chains Reveal a Spectrum of Activities in Suppressing Estrogen Receptor Mediated Activities in Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6321-6336. [PMID: 28657320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To search for new antiestrogens more effective in treating breast cancers, we explored alternatives to the acrylic acid side chain used in many antiestrogens. To facilitate our search, we used a simple adamantyl ligand core that by avoiding stereochemical issues enabled rapid synthesis of acrylate ketone, ester, and amide analogs. All compounds were high affinity estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligands but displayed a range of efficacies and potencies as antiproliferative and ERα-downregulating agents. There were large differences in activity between compounds having minor structural changes, but antiproliferative and ERα-downregulating efficacies generally paralleled one another. Some compounds with side chain polar groups had particularly high affinities. The secondary carboxamides had the best cellular activities, and the 3-hydroxypropylamide was as efficacious as fulvestrant in suppressing cell proliferation and gene expression. This study has produced structurally novel antiestrogens based on a simple adamantyl core structure with acrylate side chains optimized for cellular antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Saidalimu I, Suzuki S, Wang J, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Construction of Fluorinated Benzoxathiin Skeleton by Successive Perfluorophenylthiolation/Cyclization of Activated α-Methylene Ketones by Perfluorophenyl Diethylaminosulfur Difluoride. Org Lett 2017; 19:1012-1015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrayim Saidalimu
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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7
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Chen D, Feng Q, Yang Y, Cai XM, Wang F, Huang S. Metal-free O-H/C-H difunctionalization of phenols by o-hydroxyarylsulfonium salts in water. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1601-1606. [PMID: 28451289 PMCID: PMC5361865 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally benign method for C-H/O-H difunctionalization of phenols with sulfoxides under mild conditions has been developed. The reaction process is mediated by an electrophilic aromatic substitution and subsequent selective aryl or alkyl migration, involving C-S and C-O bond formations with broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
| | - Yunqin Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
| | - Xu-Min Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
| | - Shenlin Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , P. R. China .
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Zanotti-Gerosa A, Gazić Smilović I, Časar Z. Acid promoted Ir–P^N complex catalyzed hydrogenation of heavily hindered 3,4-diphenyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalenes: asymmetric synthesis of lasofoxifene tartrate. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric hydrogenation of minimally functionalized tetrasubstituted cyclic olefins has been developed using an Ir–P^N catalyst and an acid additive enabling the synthesis of lasofoxifene tartrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Gazić Smilović
- Lek Pharmaceuticals
- d.d
- Sandoz Development Center Slovenia
- SI-1526 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Lek Pharmaceuticals
- d.d
- Sandoz Development Center Slovenia
- SI-1526 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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Dadiboyena S. Recent advances in the synthesis of raloxifene: A selective estrogen receptor modulator. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:17-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Jain N, Xu J, Kanojia RM, Du F, Jian-Zhong G, Pacia E, Lai MT, Musto A, Allan G, Reuman M, Li X, Hahn D, Cousineau M, Peng S, Ritchie D, Russell R, Lundeen S, Sui Z. Identification and structure-activity relationships of chromene-derived selective estrogen receptor modulators for treatment of postmenopausal symptoms. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7544-69. [PMID: 19366247 DOI: 10.1021/jm900146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program aimed at the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), novel chromene scaffolds, benzopyranobenzoxapanes, were discovered. Many compounds showed binding affinity as low as 1.6-200 nM, displayed antagonist behaviors in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line as well in Ishikawa cell line with IC(50) values in the range 0.2-360 nM. On the basis of the side chain substitution, various compounds demonstrated strong inhibitory activity in anti-uterotropic assay. Compound 7-(R) and its major metabolites 5-(R) and 6-(R) were evaluated in several in vivo models of estrogen action. Relative to a full estrogen agonist (ethynyl estradiol) and the SERM raloxifene, 7-(R) was found to be a potent SERM that behaved as antagonist in the uterus and exhibited estrogen agonistic activity on bone, plasma lipids, hot flush, and vagina. The overall pharmacokinetic profile and stability were significantly improved compared to those of the phase 2 development compound 9-(R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareshkumar Jain
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA.
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11
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Taha MO, Tarairah M, Zalloum H, Abu-Sheikha G. Pharmacophore and QSAR modeling of estrogen receptor beta ligands and subsequent validation and in silico search for new hits. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 28:383-400. [PMID: 19850503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacophoric space of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) was explored using a set of 119 known ligands. Subsequently, genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to select optimal combinations of pharmacophoric models and physicochemical descriptors in self-consistent and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) (r(96)(2)=0.79-0.83, F-statistic=40.96-36.20, r(LOO)(2)=0.74-0.76 and r(PRESS)(2) against 23 external compounds=0.54-0.56, respectively). Four binding hypotheses emerged in two optimal QSAR equations suggesting the existence of distinct binding modes accessible to ligands within ERbeta binding pocket. The close similarity among the resulting pharmacophores prompted us to merge them in two hybrid models. The hybrid pharmacophores illustrated superior receiver operator characteristic curves (ROCs) and closely resembled binding interactions suggested by docking experiments. The resulting models and associated QSAR equations were employed to screen the national cancer institute (NCI) list of compounds and an in house built database of known drugs and agrochemicals to search for new ERbeta ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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Dykstra KD, Guo L, Birzin ET, Chan W, Yang YT, Hayes EC, DaSilva CA, Pai LY, Mosley RT, Kraker B, Fitzgerald PMD, DiNinno F, Rohrer SP, Schaeffer JM, Hammond ML. Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 16: 2-Aryl indoles as highly subtype selective ligands for ERalpha. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2322-8. [PMID: 17289385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of indole ligands for estrogen receptor alpha have been discovered which exhibit potent affinity and high selectivity. Substitution of the bazedoxifene skeleton to the linker present in the HTS lead 1a provided 22b which was found to be 130-fold alpha-selective and acted as an antagonist of estradiol activity in uterine tissue and MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Dykstra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, 800B-109 Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Chapter 10 Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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