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Miyachi H. Structural Biology-Based Exploration of Subtype-Selective Agonists for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179223. [PMID: 34502131 PMCID: PMC8430769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as nuclear receptors that have pleiotropic effects on biological responses has enabled the exploration of new subtype-selective PPAR ligands. Such ligands are useful chemical biology/pharmacological tools to investigate the functions of PPARs and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research of more than 20 years on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists, which has been based on two working hypotheses, the ligand superfamily concept and the helix 12 (H12) holding induction concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our agonists complexed with each PPAR subtype validate our working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Kadayat TM, Shrestha A, Jeon YH, An H, Kim J, Cho SJ, Chin J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10109-10134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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3
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Gütz C, Stenglein A, Waldvogel SR. Highly Modular Flow Cell for Electroorganic Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gütz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Stenglein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Synthesis and characterization of new 3-(4,5-dihydro-5-aryl)isoxazol-3-yl)-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones and 3-(4-styryl)isoxazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-one derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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5
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Kinarivala N, Suh JH, Botros M, Webb P, Trippier PC. Pharmacophore elucidation of phosphoiodyn A - Potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonists with neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1889-93. [PMID: 26988304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the pharmacophore of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist natural product phosphoiodyn A is the phosphonate core. Synthesis of simplified phosphonate esters 13 and 15 provide structurally novel, highly selective and potent PPARδ agonists (EC50=78 and 112 nM, respectively). Further, both compounds demonstrate significant neuroprotective activity in an in vitro cellular model indicating that phosphonates may be an effective novel scaffold for the design of therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Program, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mina Botros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Paul Webb
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Program, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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6
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Cao G, Wang Y, Cui T, Huang L, Teng D. Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/SO2 extrusion of benzoisothiazole-2,2-dioxide-3-ylidenes with nitrile oxides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An straightforward synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddtion/SO2 extrusion of benzoisothiazole-2,2-dioxide-3-ylidenes with nitrile oxides is reported using 4 Å molecular sieves as dehydrochlorinating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Tao Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Longjiang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
| | - Dawei Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
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Galenko AV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Pakalnis VV, Rostovskii NV. Recent advances in isoxazole chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Anthranilic acid derivatives as nuclear receptor modulators--development of novel PPAR selective and dual PPAR/FXR ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:499-514. [PMID: 25583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, especially the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) fulfill crucial roles in metabolic balance. Their activation offers valuable therapeutic potential which has high clinical relevance with the fibrates and glitazones as PPAR agonistic drugs. With growing knowledge about the various functions of nuclear receptors in many disorders, new selective or dual ligands of these pharmaceutical targets are however still required. Here we report the class of anthranilic acid derivatives as novel selective PPAR or dual FXR/PPAR ligands. We identified distinct molecular determinants that govern selectivity for each PPAR subtype or FXR as well as the amplitude of activation of the respective receptors. We thereby discovered several lead compounds for further optimization and developed a highly potent dual PPARα/FXR partial agonist that might have a beneficial synergistic effect on lipid homeostasis by simultaneous activation of two nuclear receptors involved in lipid metabolism.
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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Structural Development Studies of Subtype-Selective Ligands for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Based on the 3,4-Disubstituted Phenylpropanoic Acid Scaffold as a Versatile Template. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:689859. [PMID: 18566690 PMCID: PMC2430034 DOI: 10.1155/2008/689859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in our understanding of the functions of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as pleiotropic regulators of biological responses, including lipid, lipoprotein, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, differentiation and proliferation of various cancer cells, and memory, have provided an opportunity to develop novel PPAR ligands with characteristic subtype selectivity. Such ligands are not only chemical tools to investigate the functions of PPARs, but also candidates for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, inflammation, dementia, and cancer. This minireview summarizes our work on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists based on the use of 3,4-disubstituted phenylpropanoic acid as a versatile template.
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11
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Discovery of isoindoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as potent, selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:492-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Luckhurst CA, Ratcliffe M, Stein L, Furber M, Botterell S, Laughton D, Tomlinson W, Weaver R, Chohan K, Walding A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkylated 8-oxybenz[c]azepine derivatives as selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:531-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Epple R, Cow C, Xie Y, Azimioara M, Russo R, Wang X, Wityak J, Karanewsky DS, Tuntland T, Nguyêñ-Trân VTB, Cuc Ngo C, Huang D, Saez E, Spalding T, Gerken A, Iskandar M, Seidel HM, Tian SS. Novel bisaryl substituted thiazoles and oxazoles as highly potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:77-105. [PMID: 19928766 DOI: 10.1021/jm9007399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, synthesis, and optimization of compound 1 from a high-throughput screening hit to highly potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) agonists are reported. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship in this series are described in detail. On the basis of a general schematic PPAR pharmacophore model, scaffold 1 was divided into headgroup, linker, and tailgroup and successively optimized for PPAR activation using in vitro PPAR transactivation assays. A (2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid headgroup, a flexible linker, and a five-membered heteroaromatic center ring with two hydrophobic aryl substituents were required for efficient and selective PPARdelta activation. The fine-tuning of these aryl substituents led to an array of highly potent and selective compounds such as compound 38c, displaying an excellent pharmacokinetic profile in mouse. In an in vivo acute dosing model, selected members of this array were shown to induce the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) and uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3), genes that are known to be involved in energy homeostasis and regulated by PPARdelta in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Epple
- Deparment of Chemistry, The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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14
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Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of 3-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxamides as a new class of TGR5 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1363-7. [PMID: 20097073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxamides identified from a high-throughput screening campaign as novel, potent agonists of the human TGR5 G-protein-coupled receptor is described. Many analogues were readily accessible via solution-phase synthesis which resulted in the rapid identification of key structure-activity relationships (SAR), and the discovery of potent exemplars (up to pEC50=9). Details of the SAR and optimization of this series are presented herein.
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15
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Avupati VR, Kurre PN, Bagadi SR, Muthyala MK, Yejella RP. De novo Based Ligand generation and Docking studies of PPARδ Agonists: Correlations between Predicted Biological activity vs. Biopharmaceutical Descriptors. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.10.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Rao Avupati
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Andhra University
| | - Purna Nagasree Kurre
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Andhra University
| | - Santoshi Rupa Bagadi
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Andhra University
| | | | - Rajendra Prasad Yejella
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Andhra University
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16
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Kasuga JI, Oyama T, Nakagome I, Makishima M, Hirono S, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Determination of the critical amino acids involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta selectivity of phenylpropanoic acid-derived agonists. ChemMedChem 2009; 3:1662-6. [PMID: 18924220 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Zhang R, DeAngelis A, Wang A, Sieber-McMaster E, Li X, Russell R, Pelton P, Xu J, Zhu P, Zhou L, Demarest K, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Discovery and SAR of para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids as potent and selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1101-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Pérez-Rodríguez S, Ortiz MA, Pereira R, Rodríguez-Barrios F, de Lera AR, Piedrafita FJ. Highly twisted adamantyl arotinoids: synthesis, antiproliferative effects and RXR transactivation profiles. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2434-46. [PMID: 19216008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid-related molecules with an adamantyl group (adamantyl arotinoids) have been described with selective activities towards the retinoid receptors as agonists for NR1B2 and NR1B3 (RARbeta,gamma) (CD437, MX3350-1) or RAR antagonists (MX781) that induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Since these molecules induce apoptosis independently of RAR transactivation, we set up to synthesize novel analogs with impaired RAR binding. Here we describe adamantyl arotinoids with 2,2'-disubstituted biaryl rings prepared using the Suzuki coupling of the corresponding fragments. Those with cinnamic and naphthoic acid end groups showed significant antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines, and this effect correlated with the induction of apoptosis as measured by caspase activity. Strikingly, some of these compounds, whereas devoid of RAR binding capacity, were able to activate RXR.
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Shang Y, Ren L, Wu J. Novel Method for Soluble‐Polymer‐Supported Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Isoxazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701797988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Shang
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
| | - Lianbing Ren
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
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20
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Havranek M, Sauerberg P, Mogensen JP, Kratina P, Jeppesen CB, Pettersson I, Pihera P. Novel selective PPARδ agonists: Optimization of activity by modification of alkynylallylic moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4144-9. [PMID: 17553681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Y-shaped molecules bearing alkynylallylic moieties were found to be potent and selective PPARdelta activators. The alkynylallylic moiety was synthesized from alkyn-1-ols by hydroalumination followed by a cross-coupling reaction. Series of active compounds 6 were obtained by stepwise changing the structure of the known PPARpan agonist 5 into Y-shaped compounds. The most active and selective compound, 6f, had a PPARdelta potency of 0.13 microM, which is 50-fold more potent than compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Havranek
- RE&D VUFB, s.r.o., Podebradská 56/186, 180 66 Praha 9, Czech Republic.
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21
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Kasuga JI, Nakagome I, Aoyama A, Sako K, Ishizawa M, Ogura M, Makishima M, Hirono S, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5177-90. [PMID: 17532641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPARalpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPARdelta transactivation activity and highest PPARdelta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPARdelta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPARdelta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPARdelta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Epple R, Azimioara M, Russo R, Xie Y, Wang X, Cow C, Wityak J, Karanewsky D, Bursulaya B, Kreusch A, Tuntland T, Gerken A, Iskandar M, Saez E, Martin Seidel H, Tian SS. 3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles as novel PPARδ agonists. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5488-92. [PMID: 16931011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of PPARdelta-selective agonists was investigated and optimized for a favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Isoxazole LCI765 (17d) was found to be a potent and selective PPARdelta agonist with good in vivo PK properties in mouse (C(max)=5.1 microM, t(1/2)=3.1 h). LCI765 regulated expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis in relevant tissues when dosed orally in C57BL6 mice. A co-crystal structure of compound LCI765 and the LBD of PPARdelta is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Epple
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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