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Mokrov GV. Multitargeting in cardioprotection: An example of biaromatic compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300196. [PMID: 37345968 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitarget drug design approach is actively developing in modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, especially with regard to multifactorial diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. A detailed study of many well-known drugs developed within the single-target approach also often reveals additional mechanisms of their real pharmacological action. One of the multitarget drug design approaches can be the identification of the basic pharmacophore models corresponding to a wide range of the required target ligands. Among such models in the group of cardioprotectors is the linked biaromatic system. This review develops the concept of a "basic pharmacophore" using the biaromatic pharmacophore of cardioprotectors as an example. It presents an analysis of possible biological targets for compounds corresponding to the biaromatic pharmacophore and an analysis of the spectrum of biological targets for the five most known and most studied cardioprotective drugs corresponding to this model, and their involvement in the biological effects of these drugs.
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2
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Mokrov GV. Linked biaromatic compounds as cardioprotective agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100428. [PMID: 34967027 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are widespread in the modern world, and their number is constantly growing. For a long time, CVDs have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Drugs for the treatment of CVD have been developed almost since the beginning of the 20th century, and a large number of effective cardioprotective agents of various classes have been created. Nevertheless, the need for the design and development of new safe drugs for the treatment of CVD remains. Literature data indicate that a huge number of cardioprotective agents of various generations and mechanisms correspond to a single generalized pharmacophore model containing two aromatic nuclei linked by a linear linker. In this regard, we put forward a concept for the design of a new generation of cardioprotective agents with a multitarget mechanism of action within the indicated pharmacophore model. This review is devoted to a generalization of the currently known compounds with cardioprotective properties and corresponding to the pharmacophore model of biaromatic compounds linked by a linear linker. Particular attention is paid to the history of the creation of these drugs, approaches to their design, and analysis of the structure-action relationship within each class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory V Mokrov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Moscow, Russia
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3
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El-Marrouki D, Touchet S, Abdelli A, M’Rabet H, Lotfi Efrit M, Gros PC. Tuneable access to indole, indolone, and cinnoline derivatives from a common 1,4-diketone Michael acceptor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1722-1731. [PMID: 32733616 PMCID: PMC7372239 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent strategy is reported for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from common substrates: 1,4-diketones and primary amines. Indeed, by just varying the substrates, the substituents, or the heating mode, it is possible to selectively synthesize indole, indolone (1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one), or cinnoline (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocinnoline) derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel El-Marrouki
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-5400 Nancy, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, SOHES-LR17ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Hédi M’Rabet
- Université de Tunis El Manar, SOHES-LR17ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
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4
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Zhao Z, Ruan S, Ma X, Feng Q, Xie Z, Nie Z, Fan P, Qian M, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Challenges Faced with Small Molecular Modulators of Potassium Current Channel Isoform Kv1.5. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E10. [PMID: 31861703 PMCID: PMC7022446 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5, which mediates the cardiac ultra-rapid delayed-rectifier (IKur) current in human cells, has a crucial role in atrial fibrillation. Therefore, the design of selective Kv1.5 modulators is essential for the treatment of pathophysiological conditions involving Kv1.5 activity. This review summarizes the progress of molecular structures and the functionality of different types of Kv1.5 modulators, with a focus on clinical cardiovascular drugs and a number of active natural products, through a summarization of 96 compounds currently widely used. Furthermore, we also discuss the contributions of Kv1.5 and the regulation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of synthetic Kv1.5 inhibitors in human pathophysiology. SAR analysis is regarded as a useful strategy in structural elucidation, as it relates to the characteristics that improve compounds targeting Kv1.5. Herein, we present previous studies regarding the structural, pharmacological, and SAR information of the Kv1.5 modulator, through which we can assist in identifying and designing potent and specific Kv1.5 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases involving Kv1.5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Songsong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhuosong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhuang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Peinan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China;
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
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Wang DL, Xing JJ, Liu L, Zhang L. One-Pot Synthesis of 3-(Guaiazulen-3-yl)dihydro-1H- indol-4(5H)-ones via Domino Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Shinde VV, Lee SM, Oh JS, Lim KT, Jeong YT. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of diversely functionalized tetrahydro-1H-Indole-4(5H)-one using Brønsted base silica sodium carbonate (SSC) as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1189575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Vilas Shinde
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- LED Convergence Engineering Department, Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ramireddy N, Abbaraju S, Ding D, Arman H, Zhao JCG. Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-4 H-chromene Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Ramireddy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - Santhi Abbaraju
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - Derong Ding
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - John C.-G. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio Texas 78249-0698 USA
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8
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Abstract
The voltage gated Kv1.5 channels conduct the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (IKur) and play critical role in repolarization of action potential duration. It is the most rapidly activated channel and has very little or no inactivated states. In human cardiac cells, these channels are expressed more extensively in atrial myocytes than ventricle. From the evidences of its localization and functions, Kv1.5 has been declared a selective drug target for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this present study, we have tried to identify the rapidly activating property of Kv1.5 and studied its mode of inhibition using molecular modeling, docking, and simulation techniques. Channel in open conformation is found to be stabilized quickly within the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membrane, whereas most of the secondary structure elements were lost in closed state conformation. The obvious reason behind its ultra-rapid property is possibly due to the amino acid alteration in S4-S5 linker; the replacement of Lysine by Glutamine and vice versa. The popular published drugs as well as newly identified lead molecules were able to inhibit the Kv1.5 in a very similar pattern, mainly through the nonpolar interactions, and formed sable complexes. V512 is found as the main contributor for the interaction along with the other important residues such as V505, I508, A509, V512, P513, and V516. Furthermore, two screened novel compounds show surprisingly better inhibitory potency and can be considered for the future perspective of antiarrhythmic survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajabrata Bhuyan
- a BIF Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Nadia, Kalyani 741235 , West Bengal , India
| | - Alpana Seal
- b Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , University of Kalyani , Nadia, Kalyani 741235 , West Bengal , India
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9
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Alizadeh A, Bayat F. Regioselective One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalised 6,7-Dihydro-1H-Indol-4(5H)-Ones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14242775299602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot two-step synthesis of functionalised 6,7-dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-ones from 1,3-cyclohexanediones, benzylamines, and 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione has been achieved. The advantages of this approach are operational simplicity, good yields of the products and avoidance of the use of any ligands, metal catalysts, acidic media, or column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Alizadeh
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bayat
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Feng X, Wang J, Lin W, Zhang J, Huang Z, Shi D. Catalyst-Free Reaction in Water: Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroindole Derivatives via Three-Component Domino Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Ernst JT, Neubert T, Liu M, Sperry S, Zuccola H, Turnbull A, Fleck B, Kargo W, Woody L, Chiang P, Tran D, Chen W, Snyder P, Alcacio T, Nezami A, Reynolds J, Alvi K, Goulet L, Stamos D. Identification of novel HSP90α/β isoform selective inhibitors using structure-based drug design. demonstration of potential utility in treating CNS disorders such as Huntington's disease. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3382-400. [PMID: 24673104 DOI: 10.1021/jm500042s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A structure-based drug design strategy was used to optimize a novel benzolactam series of HSP90α/β inhibitors to achieve >1000-fold selectivity versus the HSP90 endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial isoforms (GRP94 and TRAP1, respectively). Selective HSP90α/β inhibitors were found to be equipotent to pan-HSP90 inhibitors in promoting the clearance of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) in vitro, however with less cellular toxicity. Improved tolerability profiles may enable the use of HSP90α/β selective inhibitors in treating chronic neurodegenerative indications such as Huntington's disease (HD). A potent, selective, orally available HSP90α/β inhibitor was identified (compound 31) that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Compound 31 demonstrated proof of concept by successfully reducing brain Htt levels following oral dosing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Ernst
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals , 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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12
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Wang HY, Shi DQ. Efficient synthesis of functionalized dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-ones via one-pot three-component reaction under catalyst-free conditions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:261-6. [PMID: 23597107 DOI: 10.1021/co4000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient one-pot procedure for the preparation of functionalized dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-ones by a catalyst-free, three-component reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, arylglyoxal monohydrate and enaminones under mild conditions in excellent yield is reported. This synthesis was confirmed to follow the group-assisted-purification (GAP) chemistry process, which can avoid traditional purifications, chromatography, and recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University,
Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University,
Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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13
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Gartshore CJ, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones and Indolones: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4113-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Gartshore CJ, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones and Indolones: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Batchu H, Batra S. Versatile Synthesis of 2-(Substituted phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-ones from Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates of 2-Oxo-2-(substituted phenyl)acetaldehyde. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Wang S, Li Y, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang L, Yu H, Hou T. ADMET evaluation in drug discovery. 12. Development of binary classification models for prediction of hERG potassium channel blockage. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:996-1010. [PMID: 22380484 DOI: 10.1021/mp300023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel may result in QT interval prolongation, which causes severe cardiac side effects and is a major problem in clinical studies of drug candidates. The development of in silico tools to filter out potential hERG potassium channel blockers in early stages of the drug discovery process is of considerable interest. Here, a diverse set of 806 compounds with hERG inhibition data was assembled, and the binary hERG classification models using naive Bayesian classification and recursive partitioning (RP) techniques were established and evaluated. The naive Bayesian classifier based on molecular properties and the ECFP_8 fingerprints yielded 84.8% accuracy for the training set using the leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation procedure and 85% accuracy for the test set of 120 molecules. For the two additional test sets, the model achieved 89.4% accuracy for the WOMBAT-PK test set, and 86.1% accuracy for the PubChem test set. The naive Bayesian classifiers gave better predictions than the RP classifiers. Moreover, the Bayesian classifier, employing molecular fingerprints, highlights the important structural fragments favorable or unfavorable for hERG potassium channel blockage, which offers extra valuable information for the design of compounds avoiding undesirable hERG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials-FUNSOM and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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17
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Bortolini O, Fantin G, Fogagnolo M, Giovannini PP, Massi A, Pacifico S. Thiazolium-catalyzed intermolecular Stetter reaction of linear and cyclic alkyl α-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8437-44. [PMID: 22027902 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed conjugate addition of acetyl anions to various α,β-unsaturated acceptors (Stetter reaction) has been optimized by using 2,3-butandione (biacetyl) as an alternative surrogate of acetaldehyde. The disclosed procedure proved to be compatible with microwave dielectric heating for reaction time reduction and with the use of different linear α-diketones as acyl anion donors (e.g. 3,4-hexanedione for propionyl anion additions). Moreover, the unprecedented umpolung reactivity of cyclic α-diketones in the atom economic nucleophilic acylation of chalcones is herein presented. Mechanistic aspects of the thiazolium-based catalysis involving linear and cyclic α-diketone substrates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Ren Q, Gao Y, Wang J. Chiral indane skeleton based thiourea catalyzed highly stereoselective cascade Michael-enolation-cyclization reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5297-302. [PMID: 21647521 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05477e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An efficient asymmetric cascade reaction catalyzed by a chiral bifunctional indane amine-thiourea catalyst has been developed. From a broad substrate scope, chiral dihydro-2H-pyran complexes that contained two stereogenic centers were obtained in a one-pot manner in good to excellent yields (72-97%) and high to excellent stereoselectivities (92-97% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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19
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Castle NA. Pharmacological modulation of voltage-gated potassium channels as a therapeutic strategy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1471-503. [PMID: 20726689 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.513384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The human genome encodes at least 40 distinct voltage-gated potassium channel subtypes, which vary in regional expression, pharmacological and biophysical properties. Voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channels help orchestrate many of the physiological and pathophysiological processes that promote and sometimes hinder the healthy functioning of our bodies. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review summarizes patent and scientific literature reports from the past decade highlighting the opportunities that Kv channels offer for the development of new therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an insight from an analysis of the associations of different Kv family members with disease processes, summary and evaluation of the development of therapeutically relevant pharmacological modulators of these channels, particularly focusing on proprietary agents being developed. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Development of new drugs that target Kv channels continue to be of great interest but is proving to be challenging. Nevertheless, opportunities for Kv channel modulators to have an impact on a wide range of disorders in the future remain an exciting prospect.
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20
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Ding D, Zhao CG, Guo Q, Arman H. Enantioselective synthesis of bicylco[3.2.1]octan-8-ones using a tandem Michael-Henry reaction. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:4423-4427. [PMID: 20532185 PMCID: PMC2880813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ones have been prepared from a tandem Michael-Henry reaction between cyclohexane-1,2-diones and nitroalkenes using a quinine-derived thiourea as the catalyst. Although four stereogenic centers were created during the reaction, only two diastereomers were obtained in good diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity (92-99% ee). When 3-methylcyclohexane-1,2-dione (R(1) = Me) was used as the substrate, only the regioisomeric product of the corresponding thermodynamic enolate was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698, USA
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Ding D, Zhao CG. Organocatalyzed synthesis of 2-amino-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:1322. [PMID: 20161684 PMCID: PMC2821098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-8-oxo-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles were synthesized for the first time from a tandem Michael addition - cyclization reaction between cyclohexane-1,2-dione and benzylidenemalononitriles. An enantioselective synthesis of these compounds was achieved in moderate ee values (up to 63% ee) by using a cinchona alkaloid-derived thiouea catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
| | - Cong-Gui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698
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22
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Spyridonidou K, Fousteris M, Antonia M, Chatzianastasiou A, Papapetropoulos A, Nikolaropoulos S. Tricyclic indole and dihydroindole derivatives as new inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4810-3. [PMID: 19560917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new tricyclic fused indole and dihydroindole derivatives and preliminary results from their in vitro inhibitory activity against soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Spyridonidou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Rueping M, Kuenkel A, Tato F, Bats J. Eine asymmetrische organokatalytische Domino-Michael-Aldol- Reaktion: enantioselektiver Zugang zu chiralen Cycloheptanonen, Tetrahydrochromenonen und polyfunktionalisierten Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Rueping M, Kuenkel A, Tato F, Bats J. Asymmetric Organocatalytic Domino Michael/Aldol Reactions: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Cycloheptanones, Tetrahydrochromenones, and Polyfunctionalized Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3699-702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Yang Q, Du L, Tsai KC, Wang X, Li M, You Q. Pharmacophore Mapping for Kv1.5 Potassium Channel Blockers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Yang Q, Du L, Wang X, Li M, You Q. Modeling the binding modes of Kv1.5 potassium channel and blockers. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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New Drugs Targeting the Cardiac Ultra-Rapid Delayed-Rectifier Current (IKur): Rationale, Pharmacology and Evidence for Potential Therapeutic Value. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 52:105-20. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181719b0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Piras L, Ghiron C, Minetto G, Taddei M. Microwave-assisted synthesis of tetrahydroindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Yang Q, Wang X, Du L, Li M, You Q. Strategies for atrial fibrillation therapy: focusing onIKurpotassium channel. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.12.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Synthesis of novel 7-substituted 5,6-dihydroindol-2-ones via a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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