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Liu F, Jiang L, Qiu H, Yi W. Bunte Salt CH 2FSSO 3Na: An Efficient and Odorless Reagent for Monofluoromethylthiolation. Org Lett 2018; 20:6270-6273. [PMID: 30226061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A practical and efficient monofluoromethylthiolation that employs the typical Bunte salt, sodium S-(fluoromethyl) sulfurothioate, as the sulfur source is described. This reagent reacts readily with a variety of aryl amines and aryl thiols. The high tolerance of functional groups demonstrates the potential of this reaction. In addition, this method is suitable for the late-stage monofluoromethylthiolation of complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Liu
- Chemical Engineering College , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , 210094 , China
| | - Lvqi Jiang
- Chemical Engineering College , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , 210094 , China
| | - Huangyao Qiu
- Chemical Engineering College , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , 210094 , China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- Chemical Engineering College , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , 210094 , China
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Lu J, Wang M, Wang Z, Fu Z, Lu A, Zhang G. Advances in the discovery of cathepsin K inhibitors on bone resorption. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:890-904. [PMID: 29723068 PMCID: PMC6010086 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1465417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (Cat K), highly expressed in osteoclasts, is a cysteine protease member of the cathepsin lysosomal protease family and has been of increasing interest as a target of medicinal chemistry efforts for its role in bone matrix degradation. Inhibition of the Cat K enzyme reduces bone resorption and thus, has rendered the enzyme as an attractive target for anti-resorptive osteoporosis therapy. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to design and develop highly potent, excellently selective and orally applicable Cat K inhibitors. These inhibitors are derived from synthetic compounds or natural products, some of which have passed preclinical studies and are presently in clinical trials at different stages of advancement. In this review, we briefly summarised the historic development of Cat K inhibitors and discussed the relationship between structures of inhibitors and active sites in Cat K for the purpose of guiding future development of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Maolin Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Aiping Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Rodnick ME, Shao X, Kozloff KM, Scott PJH, Kilbourn MR. Carbon-11 labeled cathepsin K inhibitors: syntheses and preliminary in vivo evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:384-9. [PMID: 24637099 PMCID: PMC4055946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a cysteine peptidase primarily located in osteoclasts, cells involved in normal growth and remodeling of bone but that are also responsible for bone loss in osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis. In vivo imaging of cathepsin K may provide a method to assess changes in osteoclast numbers in such disease states. To that end, two high-affinity and selective cathepsin K inhibitors were radiolabeled with carbon-11. In vivo microPET imaging studies demonstrated uptake and prolonged retention of radioactivity in actively growing or remodeling bone regions (e.g., distal ulnar, carpal, distal and proximal humeral, distal femur, proximal tibia, tail vertebrae). Uptake into bone could be blocked by pre- or co-injection of unlabeled ligand, supporting a specific and saturable binding mechanism for radiotracer localization. These proof-of-concept studies indicate that radiolabeled cathepsin K inhibitors may have potential as in vivo imaging radiotracers for assessing changes of osteoclast numbers in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Rodnick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xia Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michael R Kilbourn
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
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Dossetter AG, Bowyer J, Cook CR, Crawford JJ, Finlayson JE, Heron NM, Heyes C, Highton AJ, Hudson JA, Jestel A, Krapp S, MacFaul PA, McGuire TM, Morley AD, Morris JJ, Page KM, Ribeiro LR, Sawney H, Steinbacher S, Smith C. Isosteric replacements for benzothiazoles and optimisation to potent Cathepsin K inhibitors free from hERG channel inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5563-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Dossetter AG, Beeley H, Bowyer J, Cook CR, Crawford JJ, Finlayson JE, Heron NM, Heyes C, Highton AJ, Hudson JA, Jestel A, Kenny PW, Krapp S, Martin S, MacFaul PA, McGuire TM, Gutierrez PM, Morley AD, Morris JJ, Page KM, Ribeiro LR, Sawney H, Steinbacher S, Smith C, Vickers M. (1R,2R)-N-(1-Cyanocyclopropyl)-2-(6-methoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-b]indole-2-carbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (AZD4996): A Potent and Highly Selective Cathepsin K Inhibitor for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6363-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3007257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Beeley
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jonathan Bowyer
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Calum R. Cook
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - James J. Crawford
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | - Nicola M. Heron
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Christine Heyes
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Adrian J. Highton
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Julian A. Hudson
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Anja Jestel
- Proteros Biostructures, Am Klopferspitz 19, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter W. Kenny
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Stephan Krapp
- Proteros Biostructures, Am Klopferspitz 19, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Scott Martin
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Philip A. MacFaul
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | - Andrew D. Morley
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jeffrey J. Morris
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Ken M. Page
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | - Helen Sawney
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures, Am Klopferspitz 19, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Smith
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Madeleine Vickers
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
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