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Li Q, He C, Su J, Shao Y, Tang S, Sun J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Formal C═O Bond Insertion and Sequential Acyl 1,4-N-to-O Migratory Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16937-16940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chunlan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Luo RQ, Guo SP, Xiao HL, Li QH. Cross-coupling reaction of organoalane reagents with 2-mercaptobenzo-5-membered heterocycles for efficient synthesis of benzo-5-membered heterocycle sulfides. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu N, Huang L, Liu C, Gao W. New insights in drug development for Alzheimer's disease based on microglia function. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111703. [PMID: 34083109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in drug development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is how to effectively remove deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Recently, the relationship between microglia and Aβ has become a research hotspot. Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ-induced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation further aggravates the decline of cognitive function, while microglia are also involved in the process of Aβ clearance. Hence, microglia have become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of AD. An in-depth understanding of the role played by microglia in the development of AD will help us to broaden therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the dual roles of microglia in AD progression: the positive effect of phagocytosis of Aβ and its negative effect on neuroinflammation after over-activation. With the advantages of novel structure, high efficiency, and low toxicity, small-molecule compounds as modulators of microglial function have attracted considerable attention in the therapeutic areas of AD. In this review, we also summarize the therapeutic potential of small molecule compounds (SMCs) and their structure-activity relationship for AD treatment through modulating microglial phagocytosis and inhibiting neuroinflammation. For example, the position and number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring are the key to the activity of flavonoids, and the substitution of hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic acids. This review is expected to be useful for developing effective modulators of microglial function from SMCs for the amelioration and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Sindhu K, Abi T, Mathai G, Anilkumar G. An efficient protocol for the synthesis of thioethers via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and its mechanistic investigation. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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6
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Synthesis of new (trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazine-1,3(2H)-diones and (trifluoromethyl)benzo[5,6][1,2,4]triazino [1,2-b]phthalazine-8,13-diones. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Davis T, Brook AJC, Rokicki MJ, Bagley MC, Kipling D. Evaluating the Role of p38 MAPK in the Accelerated Cell Senescence of Werner Syndrome Fibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020023. [PMID: 27136566 PMCID: PMC4932541 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes show features of accelerated ageing and are used as models for human ageing, of which Werner syndrome (WS) is one of the most widely studied. WS fibroblasts show accelerated senescence that may result from p38 MAP kinase activation since it is prevented by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Thus, small molecule inhibition of p38-signalling may be a therapeutic strategy for WS. To develop this approach issues such as the in vivo toxicity and kinase selectivity of existing p38 inhibitors need to be addressed, so as to strengthen the evidence that p38 itself plays a critical role in mediating the effect of SB203580, and to find an inhibitor suitable for in vivo use. In this work we used a panel of different p38 inhibitors selected for: (1) having been used successfully in vivo in either animal models or human clinical trials; (2) different modes of binding to p38; and (3) different off-target kinase specificity profiles, in order to critically address the role of p38 in the premature senescence seen in WS cells. Our findings confirmed the involvement of p38 in accelerated cell senescence and identified p38 inhibitors suitable for in vivo use in WS, with BIRB 796 the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Amy J C Brook
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Michal J Rokicki
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
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Sindhu KS, Thankachan AP, Thomas AM, Anilkumar G. Iron-Catalyzed Sonogashira Type Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Terminal Alkynes in Water under Aerobic Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallikkakam S. Sindhu
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; PD Hills P O. Kottayam INDIA 686 560
| | - Amrutha P. Thankachan
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; PD Hills P O. Kottayam INDIA 686 560
| | - Anns Maria Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; PD Hills P O. Kottayam INDIA 686 560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; PD Hills P O. Kottayam INDIA 686 560
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC); Mahatma Gandhi University; PD Hills P O. Kottayam INDIA 686 560
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Mohammadizadeh MR, Saberi D, Taghavi SZ. A new, one-pot, efficient method for the synthesis of 5-methyl-3H,3′H-spiro[furan-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione derivatives in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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An efficient iron-catalyzed S-arylation of aryl and alkylthiols with aryl halides in the presence of water under aerobic conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bagley MC, Baashen M, Chuckowree I, Dwyer JE, Kipling D, Davis T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a MK2 Inhibitor by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling for Study in Werner Syndrome Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:257-76. [PMID: 26046488 PMCID: PMC4491660 DOI: 10.3390/ph8020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions have been employed towards the synthesis of three different MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitors to study accelerated aging in Werner syndrome (WS) cells, including the cross-coupling of a 2-chloroquinoline with a 3-pyridinylboronic acid, the coupling of an aryl bromide with an indolylboronic acid and the reaction of a 3-amino-4-bromopyrazole with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid. In all of these processes, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was fast and relatively efficient using a palladium catalyst under microwave irradiation. The process was incorporated into a rapid 3-step microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of a MK2 inhibitor involving 3-aminopyrazole formation, pyrazole C-4 bromination using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the pyrazolyl bromide with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid to give the target 4-arylpyrazole in 35% overall yield, suitable for study in WS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Mohammed Baashen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Irina Chuckowree
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Jessica E Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Terence Davis
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Thankachan AP, Sindhu KS, Krishnan KK, Anilkumar G. A novel and efficient zinc-catalyzed thioetherification of aryl halides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first Zn-catalyzed protocol for C–S cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of substituted aryl and alkyl sulfides with good yields under mild reaction conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. S. Sindhu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
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Nijmegen breakage syndrome fibroblasts expressing the C-terminal truncated NBN(p70) protein undergo p38/MK2-dependent premature senescence. Biogerontology 2014; 16:43-51. [PMID: 25214013 PMCID: PMC4305097 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts from the progeroid Nijmegen breakage syndrome that express a truncated version of the nibrin protein (NBNp70) undergo premature senescence and have an enlarged morphology with high levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, although they do not have F-actin stress fibres. Growth of these fibroblasts in the continuous presence of p38 inhibitors resulted in a large increase in replicative capacity and changed the cellular morphology so that the cells resembled young normal fibroblasts. A similar effect was seen using an inhibitor of the p38 downstream effector kinase MK2. These data suggest that NBNp70 expressing cells undergo a degree of stress-induced replicative senescence via p38/MK2 activation, potentially due to increased telomere dysfunction, that may play a role in the progeroid features seen in this syndrome.
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Wan Y, Wang C, Zhang XX, Shi J, Huang SY, Liu GX, Chen LF, Zhao LL, Wang HY, Wu H. Regioselective Synthesis of Amino Substituted Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and Pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-2-carbonitriles Catalyzed by 2-1′-Methylimidazolium-3-yl-1-ethyl Sulfate. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-xiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shu-ying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang-feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ling-ling Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis of Functional Material; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis of Functional Material; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou 221116 WPeople's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
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Bagley MC, Baashen M, Paddock VL, Kipling D, Davis T. Regiocontrolled synthesis of 3- and 5-aminopyrazoles, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolinones as MAPK inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Synthesis and spectral studies of some 4H-pyran derivatives: Crystal and molecular structure of isobutyl 6-amino-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goldsmith CS, Bell-Pedersen D. Diverse roles for MAPK signaling in circadian clocks. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2013; 84:1-39. [PMID: 24262095 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407703-4.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of genes aids cells in sensing both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and emerging data indicate that MAPKs have fundamental, yet diverse, roles in the circadian biological clock. In the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), MAPK pathways can function as inputs allowing the endogenous clock to entrain to 24h environmental cycles. MAPKs can also interact physically and/or genetically with components of the molecular circadian oscillator, implying that MAPKs can affect the cycling of the clock. Finally, circadian rhythms in MAPK pathway activation exist in many different tissue types and in model organisms, providing a mechanism to coordinately control the expression tissue-specific target genes at the proper time of day. As such, it should probably not come as a surprise that MAPK signaling pathways and circadian clocks affect similar biological processes and defects in either pathway lead to many of the same types of human diseases, highlighting the need to better define the mechanisms that link these two fundamental pathways together.
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Guan P, Cao C, Liu Y, Li Y, He P, Chen Q, Liu G, Shi Y. Efficient nickel/N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed C–S cross-coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Phatangare KR, Padalkar VS, Gupta VD, Patil VS, Umape PG, Sekar N. Phosphomolybdic Acid: An Efficient and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of 4,4′-(Arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.539759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - N. Sekar
- a Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
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Kidwai M, Chauhan R. Sulfamic acid: an efficient, cost-effective and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of triazole[1,2-a]indazole-trione derivatives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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One-pot and efficient synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones via reaction of arylaldehydes with urazole and dimedone catalyzed by silica nanoparticles prepared from rice husk. Molecules 2011; 16:9041-8. [PMID: 22031067 PMCID: PMC6264693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-1,3,8-trione derivatives by reaction of urazole, dimedone and aromatic aldehydes under conventional heating and microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions using silica nanoparticles prepared from rice husk ash as catalyst is described. The new method features high yields, multicomponent reactions and environmental friendliness.
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Synthesis of the highly selective p38 MAPK inhibitor UR-13756 for possible therapeutic use in Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:193-201. [PMID: 21426186 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UR-13756 is a potent and selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, reported to have good bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties and, thus, is of potential use in the treatment of accelerated aging in Werner syndrome. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Irradiation of 2-chloroacrylonitrile and methylhydrazine in ethanol at 100 °C gives 1-methyl-3-aminopyrazole, which reacts with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and a ketone, obtained by Claisen condensation of 4-picoline, in a Hantzsch-type 3-component hereocyclocondensation, to give the pyrazolopyridine UR-13756. UR-13756 shows p38 MAPK inhibitory activity in human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized HCA2 dermal fibroblasts, with an IC(50) of 80 nm, as shown by ELISA, is 100% efficacious for up to 24 h at 1.0 μm and displays excellent kinase selectivity over the related stress-activated c-Jun kinases. In addition, UR-13756 is an effective p38 inhibitor at 1.0 μm in Werner syndrome cells, as shown by immunoblot. CONCLUSION The convergent synthesis of UR-13756 is realized using microwave dielectric heating and provides a highly selective inhibitor that shows excellent selectivity for p38 MAPK over c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
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Ahmadi SJ, Sadjadi S, Hosseinpour M. Granulated copper oxide nanocatalyst: a mild and efficient reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 4-amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles under aqueous conditions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gram-scale synthesis of the p38α MAPK-inhibitor VX-745 for preclinical studies into Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1417-27. [PMID: 21426137 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor VX-745 exhibits an exquisite kinase selectivity profile, is effective in blocking p38 stress signaling in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts, has efficacy in clinical trials and may have therapeutic value against Werner syndrome. Previous synthetic routes, however, have only resulted in milligram quantities suitable for cell-based studies, whereas gram quantities would be required for in vivo use. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of VX-745. Ullmann-type C-S bond formation using thiophenol, chloropyridazine, copper(I) catalyst and diol ligand proceeds rapidly and efficiently in this apparatus for elaboration to the pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazinone core of VX-745 on gram scale and with good overall yield. CONCLUSION This method delivers the p38 inhibitor VX-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in Werner syndrome.
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Bagley M, Davis T, Latimer J, Kipling D. The contribution of biogerontology to quality ageing. QUALITY IN AGEING AND OLDER ADULTS 2011. [DOI: 10.5042/qiaoa.2011.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Use of p38 MAPK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Werner Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1842-1872. [PMID: 27713332 PMCID: PMC4033955 DOI: 10.3390/ph3061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome provides a convincing model for aspects of the normal ageing phenotype and may provide a suitable model for therapeutic interventions designed to combat the ageing process. Cultured primary fibroblast cells from Werner syndrome patients provide a powerful model system to study the link between replicative senescence in vitro and in vivo pathophysiology. Genome instability, together with an increased pro-oxidant state, and frequent replication fork stalling, all provide plausible triggers for intracellular stress in Werner syndrome cells, and implicates p38 MAPK signaling in their shortened replicative lifespan. A number of different p38 MAPK inhibitor chemotypes have been prepared rapidly and efficiently using microwave heating techniques for biological study in Werner syndrome cells, including SB203580, VX-745, RO3201195, UR-13756 and BIRB 796, and their selectivity and potency evaluated in this cellular context. Werner syndrome fibroblasts treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor reveal an unexpected reversal of the accelerated ageing phenotype. Thus the study of p38 inhibition and its effect upon Werner pathophysiology is likely to provide new revelations into the biological mechanisms operating in cellular senescence and human ageing in the future.
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Adharvana Chari M, Karthikeyan G, Pandurangan A, Siddulu Naidu T, Sathyaseelan B, Javaid Zaidi S, Vinu A. Synthesis of triazolo indazolones using 3D mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst with nanocage structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of a pyrazolyl ketone library for evaluation as p38 MAPK inhibitors in Werner syndrome cells. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:203-13. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pyrazolyl ketone motif of RO3201195, which exhibits good oral bioavailability and high selectivity for p38 MAPK over other kinases, is a key pharmacophore that could find application in the treatment of Werner syndrome. Results and discussion: Microwave irradiation promotes Knoevenagel condensation of a β-ketonitrile and formamidine, to give β-aminovinyl ketones, and their subsequent cyclocondensation with a subset of hydrazines to provide rapid access to a 24-membered library of pyrazolyl ketones. The library was evaluated in human hTERT-immortalized HCA2 dermal cells and Werner syndrome cells. Conclusion: Four compounds display comparable, if not slightly improved, potency over RO3201195.
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Bagley MC, Lin Z, Phillips DJ, Graham AE. Barium manganate in microwave-assisted oxidation reactions: synthesis of lactones by oxidative cyclization of diols. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bagley MC, Davis T, Dix MC, Fusillo V, Pigeaux M, Rokicki MJ, Kipling D. Microwave-Assisted Ullmann C−S Bond Formation: Synthesis of the P38α MAPK Clinical Candidate VX-745. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8336-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9017155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Bagley
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Matthew C. Dix
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Fusillo
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Morgane Pigeaux
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Michal J. Rokicki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - David Kipling
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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Bagley MC, Dix MC, Fusillo V. Rapid Ullmann-type synthesis of aryl sulfides using a copper(I) catalyst and ligand under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Davis T, Kipling D. Assessing the role of stress signalling via p38 MAP kinase in the premature senescence of ataxia telangiectasia and Werner syndrome fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2008; 10:253-66. [PMID: 18830681 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-008-9179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The premature ageing ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Werner syndromes (WS) are associated with accelerated cellular ageing. Young WS fibroblasts have an aged appearance and activated p38 MAP kinase, and treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB230580 extends their lifespan to within the normal range. SB203580 also extends the replicative lifespan of normal adult dermal fibroblasts, however, the effect is much reduced when compared to WS cells, suggesting that WS fibroblasts undergo a form of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). A small lifespan extension is seen in AT cells, which is not significant compared to normal fibroblasts, and the majority of young AT cells do not have an aged appearance and lack p38 activation, suggesting that the premature ageing does not result from SIPS. The lack of p38 activation is supported by the clinical manifestation, since AT is not associated with inflammatory disease, whereas WS individuals are predisposed to atherosclerosis, type II diabetes and osteoporosis, conditions known to be associated with p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Bagley MC, Davis T, Dix MC, Murziani PG, Rokicki MJ, Kipling D. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-aminopyrazol-4-yl ketones and the p38MAPK inhibitor RO3201195 for study in Werner syndrome cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3745-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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