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Gorbunova IA, Rogova A, Akhmetova DR, Sidorov RY, Priakhin EE, Makhmudov RR, Shipilovskikh DA, Epifanovskaya OS, Timin AS, Shipilovskikh SA. Design and one-pot synthesis of new substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine as potential antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107468. [PMID: 38781670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A new efficient and versatile one-pot three-component synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine derivatives has been developed. It is based on a multistep cascade reaction from 2-aminothiophenes and 2-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids, and derivatives of cyanoacetic acid catalyzed by diisopropylethylamine. As a result, novel pyrrolo[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine derivatives (21 compounds) were synthesized in a mild reaction conditions with a high yield. The structures of the developed compounds were confirmed by NMR and elemental analysis. The influence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donor substituents on the antitumor activity of the developed compounds has been identified. In vitro screening analysis of 21 compounds revealed six lead candidates (12aa, 12dc, 12hc, 12ic, 12lb, and 12mb) that demonstrated the most significant antitumor activity against B16-F10, 4T1 and CT26 cells. Necrosis/apoptosis assay showed that apoptosis was the predominant mechanism of cell death. Molecular docking analysis revealed several potential targets for tested compounds, i.e. phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase (PI5P4K2C), proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Pim-1), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The lead compound (12aa) can effectively induce cell apoptosis, possesses a high yield (98 %) and requires low-cost starting chemicals for its synthesis. In vivo experiments with melanoma-bearing mice confirmed that 12aa compound resulted in the significant tumor inhibition on 15 d after the therapy. In particular, tumor volume was ∼0.19 cm3 for 50 mg/kg versus ∼2.39 cm3 in case of untreated mice and tumor weight was ∼71.6 mg for 50 mg/kg versus ∼452.4 mg when considered untreated mice. Thus, our results demonstrated the high potential of the 12aa compound in the treatment of melanoma and can be recommended for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Gorbunova
- ITMO University, Kronverksky Prospekt 49, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation; Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Rogova
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Darya R Akhmetova
- ITMO University, Kronverksky Prospekt 49, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation; Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Yu Sidorov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russian Federation; Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene E Priakhin
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Ramiz R Makhmudov
- Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Daria A Shipilovskikh
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation; Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Prospekt, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Olga S Epifanovskaya
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Lva Tolstogo 6/8, St. Petersburg 191144, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei A Shipilovskikh
- ITMO University, Kronverksky Prospekt 49, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation; Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation.
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2
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Hu L, Fan M, Shi S, Song X, Wang F, He H, Qi B. Dual target inhibitors based on EGFR: Promising anticancer agents for the treatment of cancers (2017-). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113963. [PMID: 34749202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The EGFR family play a significant role in cell signal transduction and their overexpression is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human solid cancers. Inhibition of the EGFR-mediated signaling pathways by EGFR inhibitors is a widely used strategy for the treatment of cancers. In most cases, the EGFR inhibitors used in clinic were only effective when the cancer cells harbored specific activating EGFR mutations which appeared to preserve the ligand-dependency of receptor activation but altered the pattern of downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, cancer is a kind of multifactorial disease, and therefore manipulating a single target may result in treatment failure. Although drug combinations for the treatment of cancers proved to be successful, the use of two or more drugs concurrently still was a challenge in clinical therapy owing to various dose-limiting toxicities and drug-drug interactions caused by pharmacokinetic profiles changed. Therefore, a single drug targeting two or multiple targets could serve as an effective strategy for the treatment of cancers. In recent, drugs with diverse pharmacological effects have been shown to be more advantageous than combination therapies due to their lower incidences of side effects and more resilient therapies. Accordingly, dual target-single-agent strategy has become a popular field for cancer treatment, and researchers became more and more interest in the development of novel dual-target drugs in recent years. In this review, we briefly introduce the EGFR family proteins and synergisms between EGFR and other anticancer targets, and summarizes the development of potential dual target inhibitors based on wild-type and/or mutant EGFR for the treatment of solid cancers in the past five years. Additionally, the rational design and SARs of these dual target agents are also presented in detailed, which will lay a significant foundation for the further development of novel EGFR-based dual inhibitors with excellent druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China.
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Farghaly AM, AboulWafa OM, Baghdadi HH, Abd El Razik HA, Sedra SMY, Shamaa MM. New thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based derivatives: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation as antiproliferative agents, EGFR and ARO inhibitors inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105208. [PMID: 34365057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An array of newly synthesized thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based derivatives and thienotriazolopyrimidines hybridized with some pharmacophoric anticancer fragments were designed, synthesized and assessed for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines using erlotinib and pictilisib as reference standards in the MTT assay. In general, many compounds were endowed with considerable antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 0.43-1.31 µM). Some of the tested compounds, namely 3c, 5b, 5c, 9d, 10, 11b and 13 displayed remarkable antiproliferative activity against both cell lines. Meanwhile, compounds 2c-e, 3b, 4a, 5a, 9c and 15b showed noticeable selectivity against MCF-7 cells while compounds 2b, 3a, 4b, 6a-c, 7, 8, 9b and 12 exhibited considerable selectivity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Further mechanistic evidences for their anticancer activities were provided by screening the most potent compounds against MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cells for EGFR and ARO inhibitory activities using erlotinib and letrozole as reference standards respectively. Results proved that, in general, tested compounds were better EGFRIs than ARIs. In addition, significant overexpression in caspase-9 level in treated MCF-7 breast cell line samples was observed for all tested compounds with the 4-fluorophenylhydrazone derivative 2d exhibiting the highest activation. In treated MDA-MB-231 breast cell line samples, 11b was found to highly induce caspase-9 level thereby inducing apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay were also assessed for active compounds where results indicated that all tested compounds induced preG1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Compound 9d, as an inhibitor of ARO, was observed to downregulate the downstream signaling proteins HSP27 and p-ERK in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, compound 11b downregulated EGFR expression as well as the downstream signaling protein p-AKT. Docking experiments on EGFR and ARO enzymes supported their in vitro results. Thus, the thienotriazolopyrimidines 11b and 12 showing good EGFR inhibition and the thieno[3,2-d]-pyrimidine derivatives 3b and 9d, eliciting the best ARO inhibition activity, can be considered as new candidates as anti-breast cancer agents that necessitate further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omaima M AboulWafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Baghdadi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Abd El Razik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Samir M Y Sedra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marium M Shamaa
- Clinical and Biological Sciences (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
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Vyas VK, Qureshi G, Dayani H, Jha A, Ghate M. Pharmacophore-based identification and in vitro validation of apoptosis inducers as anticancer agents. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:869-881. [PMID: 33100034 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1827030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and virtual screening along with in vitro screening were performed as a rational strategy for the identification of novel compounds as apoptosis inducers and anticancer agents from the chemical database. Known apoptosis inducers were selected from the literature for generation of pharmacophore models, which were subjected to validation using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Günere-Henry (GH) scoring methods. Based on highest fitness score of 4680.61, ROC value of 0.872 and GH score of 0.758, pharmacophore model-2 was selected as the best model. Model-2 as 3D search query was searched against the IBS database to find novel compounds as hits. Three hits were selected with a QFIT value more than 82 for in vitro screening as apoptosis inducers and anticancer agents. In vitro anticancer activity was performed using resazurin cell variability assay, and apoptosis inducing activity was determined using caspase-3 activation and annexin-FITC assays. One of the retrieved hit, STOCK5S-44056 demonstrated IC50 value of 23.56 µM in cell variability assay, and had EC50 value of 26.95 µM in caspase-3 activation assay. STOCK5S-44056 also indicated late stage induction of apoptosis in annexin assay. The results of in vitro activity revealed that STOCK5S-44056 has a potential to become anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Vyas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad, India
| | - G Qureshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad, India
| | - H Dayani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad, India
| | - A Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad, India
| | - M Ghate
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad, India
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5
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Loidreau Y, Nourrisson MR, Fruit C, Corbière C, Marchand P, Besson T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Potential Bioactive Benzo-, Pyrido- or Pyrazino-thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidin-4-amine Analogs of MPC-6827. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090202. [PMID: 32825171 PMCID: PMC7558077 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient microwave-assisted chemical processes were applied to the synthesis of an array of novel N-(4-methoxyphenylamino)-2-methyl benzo-, pyrido- or pyrazino-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives. These heteroaromatic systems were envisioned as potent bioisosteric analogues of MPC-6827, an anticancer agent previously developed until phase II clinical studies. A brief evaluation and comparison of their antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and Caco-2, two human colorectal cancer cell lines, were also reported. At the tested concentrations (5 and 10 µM), thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines 4a and 4c exhibited an inhibitory effect similar to MPC-6827 on human colorectal cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonnick Loidreau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Marie-Renée Nourrisson
- Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Pascal Marchand
- Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (T.B.); Tel.: +33-253-009-155 (P.M.); +33-235-522-904 (T.B.)
| | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (T.B.); Tel.: +33-253-009-155 (P.M.); +33-235-522-904 (T.B.)
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6
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Al‐Ghorbani M, Gouda MA. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of some novel cyclohepta[
b
]thiophene‐3‐carboxamides bearing pyrazole moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al‐Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, UllaTaibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationThamar University Dhamar Yemen
| | - Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, UllaTaibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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7
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Antitubulin Agents Containing 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino)-3,6-disubstituted-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- c]pyridine Scaffold. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071690. [PMID: 32272719 PMCID: PMC7181277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel series of compounds based on the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton, characterized by the presence of a 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino moiety and a cyano or an alkoxycarbonyl group at its 2- or 3-position, respectively, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activity on a panel of cancer cell lines and for selected highly active compounds, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and cell cycle effects. We have identified the 2-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino)-3-cyano-6-methoxycarbonyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivative 3a and its 6-ethoxycarbonyl homologue 3b as new antiproliferative agents that inhibit cancer cell growth with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 4.7 μM against a panel of three cancer cell lines. Their interaction with tubulin at micromolar levels leads to the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to an apoptotic cell death. The cell apoptosis study found that compounds 3a and 3b were very effective in the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These two derivatives did not induce cell death in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that they may be selective against cancer cells. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the inhibitory activity of these molecules on tubulin polymerization derived from binding to the colchicine site.
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8
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Shiri F, Bakhshayesh S, Ghasemi JB. Computer-aided molecular design of (E)-N-Aryl-2-ethene-sulfonamide analogues as microtubule targeted agents in prostate cancer. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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9
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Romagnoli R, Prencipe F, Oliva P, Baraldi S, Baraldi PG, Schiaffino Ortega S, Chayah M, Kimatrai Salvador M, Lopez-Cara LC, Brancale A, Ferla S, Hamel E, Ronca R, Bortolozzi R, Mariotto E, Mattiuzzo E, Viola G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 6-Substituted Thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidine Analogues as Dual Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase and Microtubule Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1274-1290. [PMID: 30633509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical evidence for the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with microtubule-targeting agents prompted us to design and develop single agents that possess both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and tubulin polymerization inhibitory properties. A series of 6-aryl/heteroaryl-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino)thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivatives were discovered as novel dual tubulin polymerization and EGFR kinase inhibitors. The 4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino)-6-( p-tolyl)thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivative 6g was the most potent compound of the series as an antiproliferative agent, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the single- or double-digit nanomolar range. Compound 6g bound to tubulin in the colchicine site and inhibited tubulin assembly with an IC50 value of 0.71 μM, and 6g inhibited EGFR activity with an IC50 value of 30 nM. Our data suggested that the excellent in vitro and in vivo profile of 6g may be derived from its dual inhibition of tubulin polymerization and EGFR kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Filippo Prencipe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Paola Oliva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Luigi Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Santiago Schiaffino Ortega
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica , Facultad de Farmacia , Campus de Cartuja s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Mariem Chayah
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica , Facultad de Farmacia , Campus de Cartuja s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Kimatrai Salvador
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica , Facultad de Farmacia , Campus de Cartuja s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Luisa Carlota Lopez-Cara
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica , Facultad de Farmacia , Campus de Cartuja s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Cardiff University , King Edward VII Avenue , Cardiff CF10 3NB , U.K
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Cardiff University , King Edward VII Avenue , Cardiff CF10 3NB , U.K
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale Unità di Oncologia Sperimentale ed Immunologia , Università di Brescia , 25123 Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia , Università di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Elena Mariotto
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia , Università di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Elena Mattiuzzo
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia , Università di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia , Università di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) , Corso Stati Uniti 4 , 35128 Padova , Italy
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10
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Abstract
AbstractA novel Schiff base was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and theoretical methods. A potentially active agent 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylimino)naphthalen-1(4H)-one (PINQ) was designed and synthesized. The synthesis was carried out by a condensation reaction of 1-4-naphthoquinone and 2-amino-4-methyl phenol. The spectral and structural properties of the PINQ molecule were investigated by elemental analysis, 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR and Uv-vis spectroscopies. The energetic, atomic, electronic, molecular, vibrational and magnetic data were theoretically obtained using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Chemical shifts were calculated using gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. UV-vis spectrum for the title compound was also obtained by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The theoretical and experimental results were compared and interpreted. The theoretical data obtained from 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR and Uv-vis spectroscopies were quite compatible with experimental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güvenç Görgülü
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education, Burdur, Turkey
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11
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The First Catalytic Direct C–H Arylation on C2 and C3 of Thiophene Ring Applied to Thieno-Pyridines, -Pyrimidines and -Pyrazines. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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12
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A Greener and Efficient Method for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Nitrogen-Containing Fused Heterocycles. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030684. [PMID: 29562645 PMCID: PMC6017854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient methodology for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of nitrogen-containing fused heterocycles with interesting biological activities has been developed in an environmentally sound manner using polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the solvent, leading to the expected compounds in excellent yields in only five minutes.
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13
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Atapour-Mashhad H, Soukhtanloo M, Massoudi A, Shiri A, Bakavoli M. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxicity of 6-amino-4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Mohana Roopan S, Sompalle R. Synthetic chemistry of pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1165254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Atapour-Mashhad H, Soukhtanloo M, Massoudi A, Shiri A, Parizadeh SM, Bakavoli M. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of New Pyrimido[1,6- a]Thieno[2,3- d]Pyrimidine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Atapour-Mashhad
- Chemistry Department; Payame Noor University (PNU); 19395-4697 Tehran I. R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mohamadreza Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakavoli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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16
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, El-Malah AA, Abdelghany TM, Abdel-Bakky MS. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, Effect on Cell Cycle Profile, and Apoptosis-Inducing Ability of Novel Hexahydrocyclooctathieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:490-6. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elsayed Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
| | - Ehab Mohamed Gedawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
| | - Afaf Ali El-Malah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
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17
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Bozorov K, Zhao JY, Elmuradov B, Pataer A, Aisa HA. Recent developments regarding the use of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives in medicinal chemistry, with a focus on their synthesis and anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:552-73. [PMID: 26312434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is generally understood that the antitumor properties of synthetic heterocyclic compounds are among the most powerful properties that can be made use in medicinal chemistry. More specifically, their substantial cytotoxic effects against different types of human tumor cells, in addition to their roles as enzymes or receptors for various kinase inhibitors, make them critically important. In recent years, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives (TPs), which are analogs of quinazoline alkaloids, have frequently attracted the interest of medicinal chemistry researchers due to their promising anticancer properties. The present study is a review of the latest advances (i.e., since 2006) in TP derivative-related research, with a focus on how such derivatives are synthesized and on their anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshed Bozorov
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, PR China; Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 77, Mirzo Ulugbek Str., 100170 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Jiang-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, PR China
| | - Burkhon Elmuradov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 77, Mirzo Ulugbek Str., 100170 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Apar Pataer
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, PR China.
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18
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Helal MH, Salem MA, Gouda MA, Ahmed NS, El-Sherif AA. Design, synthesis, characterization, quantum-chemical calculations and anti-inflammatory activity of novel series of thiophene derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 147:73-83. [PMID: 25827768 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of 1-(4-morpholinophenyl)ethanone 1 with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate 2 afforded Knoevenagel-Cope product 3. In subsequent treatment of 3 with sulfur, the 2-aminothiophene derivatives (4a, 4b) are formed under basic conditions. The solvent-free reaction of thiophene derivative 4a with ethyl cyanoacetate afforded thieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine derivative 6. The base catalyzed condensation of 2-aminothiophene derivative (4a) with ethyl cyanoacetate afforded N-(thieno-2-yl) cyanoacetamide derivative 7. The latter was used to synthesize different heterocyclic derivatives comprising, pyridine and coumarin rings. Also, several substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been prepared from reaction of 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile 4b with some electrophilic reagents. The structure of the newly compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. The molecular modeling of the synthesized compounds has been drawn and their molecular parameters were calculated. Also, valuable information is obtained from calculation of the molecular parameters including electronegativity, net dipole moment of the compounds, total energy, electronic energy, binding energy, HOMO and LUMO energy. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the tested compounds was performed in albino rats by producing carrageenan induced paw oedema and measuring the zone of inflammation at different time intervals i.e. 1, 2, 3 and 4h after carrageenan injection. Results indicated that most of the tested compounds showed moderate to good activity comparable to indomethacin. Also, compound 16 with additional morpholine ring beside the thiophene ring inhibits carrageenan induced paw oedema more than the standard indomethacin drug at all the time scales studied. Thus, compound 16 is considered as a promising compound for further modification to obtain clinically useful anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11284 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11284 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Ulla 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - N S Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheres, Alex, Egypt
| | - A A El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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19
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Kandeel MM, Refaat HM, Kassab AE, Shahin IG, Abdelghany TM. Synthesis, anticancer activity and effects on cell cycle profile and apoptosis of novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine and thieno[3,2-e] triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:620-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Abbas SE, Abdel Gawad NM, George RF, Akar YA. Synthesis, antitumor and antibacterial activities of some novel tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Reddy MVR, Mallireddigari MR, Pallela VR, Cosenza SC, Billa VK, Akula B, Subbaiah DRCV, Bharathi EV, Padgaonkar A, Lv H, Gallo JM, Reddy EP. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (E)-N-aryl-2-arylethenesulfonamide analogues as potent and orally bioavailable microtubule-targeted anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5562-86. [PMID: 23750455 DOI: 10.1021/jm400575x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel (E)-N-aryl-2-arylethenesulfonamides (6) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. Some of the compounds in this series showed potent cytotoxicity against a wide spectrum of cancer cell-lines (IC50 values ranging from 5 to 10 nM) including all drug resistant cell-lines. Nude mice xenograft assays with compound (E)-N-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2',4',6'-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenesulfonamide (6t) showed dramatic reduction in tumor size, indicating their in vivo potential as anticancer agents. A preliminary drug development study with compound 6t is predicted to have increased blood-brain barrier permeability relative to many clinically used antimitotic agents. Mechanistic studies indicate that 6t and some other analogues disrupted microtubule formation, formation of mitotic spindles, and arrest of cells in mitotic phase. Compound 6t inhibited purified tubulin polymerization in vitro and in vivo and circumvented drug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein. Compound 6t specifically competed with colchicine binding to tubulin and with similar avidity as podophylltoxin, indicating its binding site on tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Ramana Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029-6514, United States
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22
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Kanawade SB, Toche RB, Rajani DP. Synthetic tactics of new class of 4-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile derivatives acting as antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel 2-pyridyl hexahyrocyclooctathieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Kandeel M, Abdelhameid MK, Eman K, Labib MB. Synthesis of Some Novel Thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidines as Potential Cytotoxic Small Molecules against Breast Cancer. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61:637-47. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c13-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Kandeel
- Organic Chemistry, Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
| | | | - Kamal Eman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University
| | - Madlen Berty Labib
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University
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25
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Shukla G, Verma GK, Nagaraju A, Verma RK, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. DMAP mediated one-pot domino thienannulation: a versatile, regioselective and green mechanochemical route to naphtho[2,3-b]thiophenes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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26
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One-pot synthesis of thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-ol derivatives mediated by polyphosphonic anhydride. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Behbehani H, Ibrahim HM, Makhseed S, Elnagdi MH, Mahmoud H. 2-Aminothiophenes as building blocks in heterocyclic synthesis: synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a new class of pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine, quinoline and pyridin-2-one derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:51-65. [PMID: 22464424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multisubstituted 2-aminothiophenes 1a-c can be readily cyanoacylated via reaction with cyanoacetic acid in presence of acetic anhydride under a microwave irradiation to form the corresponding cyanoacetamides 2a-c, which condensed with DMF-DMA to form the corresponding enamines 4 that reacted with hydrazine hydrate to yield the aminopyrazoles 5. Moreover the cyanoacetamides 2a-c reacted with a variety of arylidenmalononitrile to afford a novel pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine derivatives 12a-o. In addition the enamines 4a,b reacted with malononitrile to afford the pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine derivatives 19a,b. The cyanoacetamides 2a,b reacted also with salicylaldehyde to afford the quinoline derivatives 24a,b. Moreover the cyanoacetamides 2a,b reacted with the enaminones 25a-c to form the corresponding Pyridin-2-one derivatives 29a-c. Reactions of 2a,c with bezenediazonium chloride afford the arylhydrazones 30a,b that reacted with chloroacetonitrile to form the acyclic product 31 which could not be further cyclized to the corresponding 4-aminopyrazole. The X-ray crystallographic analyses of seven products could be obtained thus establishing with certainty the proposed structures in this work. Most of the synthesized compounds in this investigation were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Behbehani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
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28
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Huang XG, Liu J, Ren J, Wang T, Chen W, Zeng BB. A facile and practical one-pot synthesis of multisubstituted 2-aminothiophenes via imidazole-catalyzed Gewald reaction. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Atapour-Mashhad H, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Davoodnia A, Moloudi R, Mousavi SH. Antitumor activity of novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:271-6. [PMID: 21649481 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.545066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine is known to have a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor activity. The cytotoxic properties of six novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones in vitro were investigated on four different human cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, the role of apoptosis was explored. Malignant cells were cultured in RPMI medium and incubated with different concentrations. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and propidium iodide staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). We have identified new analogs as a novel class of antiproliferative agents by a cell-based screening method. All compounds inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of compounds 4 and 5 as the two most potent analogs was determined as 122.4 and 106.7 μM in HeLa cells, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 induced a sub-G1 peak in the flow-cytometry histogram of treated cells, compared to control, indicating that apoptotic cell death is involved in compound 4- and 5-induced toxicity. In conclusion, compounds 4 and 5 exert cytotoxic effects in different cancer cell lines in which apoptosis plays an important role. Thus, compounds 4 and 5 could be considered as potential chemotherapeutic agents.
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30
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Gangjee A, Zhao Y, Lin L, Raghavan S, Roberts EG, Risinger AL, Hamel E, Mooberry SL. Synthesis and discovery of water-soluble microtubule targeting agents that bind to the colchicine site on tubulin and circumvent Pgp mediated resistance. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8116-28. [PMID: 20973488 DOI: 10.1021/jm101010n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of molecules were designed and synthesized based on a 6-CH(3) cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine scaffold and a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized by reacting ethyl 2-cyano-4,4-diethoxybutanoate and acetamidine, which in turn was chlorinated and reacted with the appropriate anilines to afford 1 and 2. The cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines were obtained from 3-methyladapic acid, followed by reaction with acetamidine to afford the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine scaffold. Chlorination and reaction with appropriate anilines afforded (±)-3·HCl-(±)-7·HCl. Compounds 1 and (±)-3·HCl had potent antiproliferative activities in the nanomolar range. Compound (±)-3·HCl is significantly more potent than 1. Mechanistic studies showed that 1 and (±)-3·HCl cause loss of cellular microtubules, inhibit the polymerization of purified tubulin, and inhibit colchicine binding. Modeling studies show interactions of these compounds within the colchicine site. The identification of these new inhibitors that can also overcome clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance provides new scaffolds for colchicine site agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
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31
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Kumar KS, Chamakuri S, Vishweshwar P, Iqbal J, Pal M. AlCl3-induced (hetero)arylation of thienopyrimidine ring: a new synthesis of 4-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Abstract
The Gewald reaction of sulfur, cyanoacetic acid derivatives, and oxo-component (G-3CR) yielding highly substituted 2-aminothiophene derivatives has seen diverse applications in combinatorial and medicinal chemistry. Its products are of great use in pharmaceutical industry mainly as small molecular weight inhibitors. We herein review synthetic scope and variations, usage, and structural biology of Gewald products.
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33
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Huang Y, Dömling A. The Gewald multicomponent reaction. Mol Divers 2010; 15:3-33. [PMID: 20191319 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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