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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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2
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Cao Y, Zhang S, Antilla JC. Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4-Reduction of α-Branched 2-Vinyl-azaarenes by a Chiral SPINOL-Derived Borophosphate. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shouqi Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jon C. Antilla
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310018, P. R. China
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
| | - Dina Scarpi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
| | - Ernesto G. Occhiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
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4
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Fang W, Wei Y, Shi M. Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cascade Cyclization of Methylenecyclopropanes with Aromatic Alkynes: Construction of Spirocyclic Compounds Containing Indene and 1,2‐Dihydronaphthalene Moieties. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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5
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Niharika P, Satyanarayana G. [Pd]-Catalyzed Intermolecular Coupling and Acid Mediated Intramolecular Cyclodehydration: One-Pot Synthesis of Indenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedireddi Niharika
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad; Kandi 502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad; Kandi 502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
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6
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Yang H, Wang E, Yang P, Lv H, Zhang X. Pyridine-Directed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 1,1-Diarylalkenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5062-5065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Erfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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7
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Matalová P, Urbánek K, Anzenbacher P. Specific features of pharmacokinetics in children. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:70-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1135941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Li Y, Pan Y, Wang J, Lin F, Wang C, Zhang S, Yang L. Computational Analysis of Structure-Based Interactions for Novel H₁-Antihistamines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010129. [PMID: 26797608 PMCID: PMC4730370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic disorder, insomnia affects approximately 10% of the population at some time during their lives, and its treatment is often challenging. Since the antagonists of the H₁ receptor, a protein prevalent in human central nervous system, have been proven as effective therapeutic agents for treating insomnia, the H₁ receptor is quite possibly a promising target for developing potent anti-insomnia drugs. For the purpose of understanding the structural actors affecting the antagonism potency, presently a theoretical research of molecular interactions between 129 molecules and the H₁ receptor is performed through three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) techniques. The ligand-based comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) model (Q² = 0.525, R²ncv = 0.891, R²pred = 0.807) has good quality for predicting the bioactivities of new chemicals. The cross-validated result suggests that the developed models have excellent internal and external predictability and consistency. The obtained contour maps were appraised for affinity trends for the investigated compounds, which provides significantly useful information in the rational drug design of novel anti-insomnia agents. Molecular docking was also performed to investigate the mode of interaction between the ligand and the active site of the receptor. Furthermore, as a supplementary tool to study the docking conformation of the antagonists in the H₁ receptor binding pocket, molecular dynamics simulation was also applied, providing insights into the changes in the structure. All of the models and the derived information would, we hope, be of help for developing novel potent histamine H₁ receptor antagonists, as well as exploring the H₁-antihistamines interaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yanqiu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Boblak KN, Klumpp DA. Cyclodehydrations Leading to Indene Products Having N-Heterocyclic Substituents. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5852-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5007416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N. Boblak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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Saini V, Liao L, Wang Q, Jana R, Sigman MS. Pd(0)-catalyzed 1,1-diarylation of ethylene and allylic carbonates. Org Lett 2013; 15:5008-11. [PMID: 24047468 DOI: 10.1021/ol4023358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the one-step synthesis of biologically relevant 1,1-diarylalkanes has been described. This reaction introduces two different aryl groups across the terminal end of simple feedstock alkenes such as ethylene and allylic carbonates. The propensity to generate π-benzylpalladium intermediates dictates the exclusive 1,1-regioselectivity observed in the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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11
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Chen HY, Chang SS, Chan YC, Chen CYC. Discovery of novel insomnia leads from screening traditional Chinese medicine database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:776-91. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.790849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Bess EN, Sigman MS. Distinctive Meta-Directing Group Effect for Iridium-Catalyzed 1,1-Diarylalkene Enantioselective Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2013; 15:646-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303465c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Bess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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13
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Greene MA, Yonova IM, Williams FJ, Jarvo ER. Traceless directing group for stereospecific nickel-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:4293-6. [PMID: 22568515 DOI: 10.1021/ol300891k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stereospecific nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of benzylic 2-methoxyethyl ethers are reported for the preparation of enantioenriched 1,1-diarylethanes. The 2-methoxyethyl ether serves as a traceless directing group that accelerates cross-coupling. Chelation of magnesium ions is proposed to activate the benzylic C-O bond for oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Greene
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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14
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Histamine receptors in the CNS as targets for therapeutic intervention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:242-9. [PMID: 21324537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has long been known to trigger allergic reactions and gastric acid secretion. However, it was later discovered that, in the brain, histamine regulates basic homeostatic and higher functions, including cognition, arousal, circadian and feeding rhythms. The sole source of brain histamine is neurons localized in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nuclei. These neurons project axons to the whole brain, are organized into functionally distinct circuits influencing different brain regions and display selective control mechanisms. Although all histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R) are expressed in the brain, only the H3R has become a drug target for the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the pharmacological manipulation of H3Rs and the implications for H3R-related therapies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The legacy of Sir James Black.
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15
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Influence of pKa on the biotransformation of indene H1-antihistamines by CYP2D6. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:947-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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