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Godesi S, Lee J, Nada H, Quan G, Elkamhawy A, Choi Y, Lee K. Small Molecule c-KIT Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review on Synthesis, Design Strategies, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119450. [PMID: 37298401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic protein, c-KIT, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular transformation and differentiation processes, such as proliferation, survival, adhesion, and chemotaxis. The overexpression of, and mutations, in c-KIT can lead to its dysregulation and promote various human cancers, particularly gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); approximately 80-85% of cases are associated with oncogenic mutations in the KIT gene. Inhibition of c-KIT has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for GISTs. However, the currently approved drugs are associated with resistance and significant side effects, highlighting the urgent need to develop highly selective c-KIT inhibitors that are not affected by these mutations for GISTs. Herein, the recent research efforts in medicinal chemistry aimed at developing potent small-molecule c-KIT inhibitors with high kinase selectivity for GISTs are discussed from a structure-activity relationship perspective. Moreover, the synthetic pathways, pharmacokinetic properties, and binding patterns of the inhibitors are also discussed to facilitate future development of more potent and pharmacokinetically stable small-molecule c-KIT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Godesi
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Guofeng Quan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yan F, Zhuang J, Yu Q, Dou Z, Jiang X, Tan S, Han Y, Wu X, Zang Y, Li C, Li J, Chen H, Hu L, Li X, Chen G. Strategy of De Novo Design toward First-In-Class Imaging Agents for Simultaneously Differentiating Glioma Boundary and Grades. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3330-3339. [PMID: 34448576 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extent of resection and tumor grade are two predominant prognostic factors for glioma. Fluorescent imaging is promising to facilitate accurate resection and simultaneous tumor grading. However, no probe fulfilling this task has been reported. Herein, we proposed a strategy of de novo design toward first-in-class fluorescent probes for simultaneously differentiating glioma boundary and grades. By bioinformatics analysis in combination with experimental validation, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) was revealed as a promising biomarker for glioma imaging and grading. Then, fluorogenic probe PDGFP 1 was designed, guided by the structure-activity relationship study. Finally, the probe was demonstrated to stain glioma cells and tissues in the mice orthotopic glioma model with high selectivity over normal brain cells or tissues. Meanwhile, ex vivo experiments using patient-derived samples indicated that the fluorescence was significantly positively correlated with the tumor grades. This result highlighted the feasibility of the three-step de novo probe design strategy and suggested PDGFP 1 as a promising probe for simultaneously differentiating glioma boundary and grades, showing prospects of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuyu Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Libin Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Elsayed NM, Serya RA, Tolba MF, Ahmed M, Barakat K, Abou El Ella DA, Abouzid KA. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and dynamics simulation of indazole derivatives with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 82:340-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Kettle JG, Anjum R, Barry E, Bhavsar D, Brown C, Boyd S, Campbell A, Goldberg K, Grondine M, Guichard S, Hardy CJ, Hunt T, Jones RDO, Li X, Moleva O, Ogg D, Overman RC, Packer MJ, Pearson S, Schimpl M, Shao W, Smith A, Smith JM, Stead D, Stokes S, Tucker M, Ye Y. Discovery of N-(4-{[5-Fluoro-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-yl]amino}phenyl)-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]acetamide (AZD3229), a Potent Pan-KIT Mutant Inhibitor for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8797-8810. [PMID: 30204441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has been revolutionized by the application of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors capable of inhibiting KIT-driven proliferation, diverse mutations to this kinase drive resistance to established therapies. Here we describe the identification of potent pan-KIT mutant kinase inhibitors that can be dosed without being limited by the tolerability issues seen with multitargeted agents. This effort focused on identification and optimization of an existing kinase scaffold through the use of structure-based design. Starting from a series of previously reported phenoxyquinazoline and quinoline based inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase PDGFRα, potency against a diverse panel of mutant KIT driven Ba/F3 cell lines was optimized, with a particular focus on reducing activity against a KDR driven cell model in order to limit the potential for hypertension commonly seen in second and third line GIST therapies. AZD3229 demonstrates potent single digit nM growth inhibition across a broad cell panel, with good margin to KDR-driven effects. Selectivity over KDR can be rationalized predominantly by the interaction of water molecules with the protein and ligand in the active site, and its kinome selectivity is similar to the best of the approved GIST agents. This compound demonstrates excellent cross-species pharmacokinetics, shows strong pharmacodynamic inhibition of target, and is active in several in vivo models of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Kettle
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Rana Anjum
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Evan Barry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Deepa Bhavsar
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Crystal Brown
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Scott Boyd
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Goldberg
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grondine
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Sylvie Guichard
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Christopher J Hardy
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hunt
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Rhys D O Jones
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , 6 Taihe Road BDA , Beijing 100176 , P. R. China
| | - Olga Moleva
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Derek Ogg
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Ross C Overman
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Packer
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Pearson
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Wenlin Shao
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Park , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - James M Smith
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Darren Stead
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Stokes
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tucker
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Yang Ye
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , 6 Taihe Road BDA , Beijing 100176 , P. R. China
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El-Damasy AK, Cho NC, Pae AN, Kim EE, Keum G. Novel 5-substituted-2-anilinoquinolines with 3-(morpholino or 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy moiety as broad spectrum antiproliferative agents: Synthesis, cell based assays and kinase screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3307-3312. [PMID: 27241691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 2-anilinoquinolines possessing 3-(morpholino or 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy moiety at C5 of quinoline has been designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines at NCI and compared with gefitinib as a reference compound. Most of the tested compounds displayed potent and broad spectrum antiproliferative activities. Compounds 7d, 7f and 7g showed strong inhibitory and lethal effects at 10μM concentration. Moreover, they manifested superior potencies and efficacies than gefitinib across the most tested cell lines. Compound 7d, with 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl group, proved to be the most potent and efficacious derivative in this series, with mean GI50 and TGI values of 1.62μM and 3.47μM, respectively. Kinase screening of 7d against a panel of 47 oncogenic kinases revealed its selective inhibitory effect (96% inhibition) towards TrkA kinase. Furthermore, the most potent compounds showed low cytotoxic effects against HFF-1 normal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kareem El-Damasy
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajungro 217, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nam-Chul Cho
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajungro 217, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice Eunkyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajungro 217, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajungro 217, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hall AP, Ashton S, Horner J, Wilson Z, Reens J, Richmond GHP, Barry ST, Wedge SR. PDGFR Inhibition Results in Pericyte Depletion and Hemorrhage into the Corpus Luteum of the Rat Ovary. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:98-111. [PMID: 26534939 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315613452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth plate, ovary, adrenal gland, and rodent incisor tooth are sentinel organs for antiangiogenic effects since they respond reliably, quantitatively, and sensitively to inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Here we report that treatment of rats with platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) inhibitors that target pericytes results in severe ovarian hemorrhage with degeneration and eventual rupture of the corpus luteum. Evaluation of the growth plate, adrenal gland, and incisor tooth that are typical target organs for antiangiogenic treatment in the rodent revealed no abnormalities. Histologically, the changes in the ovary were characterized by sinusoidal dilatation, increased vessel fragility, and hemorrhage into the corpus luteum. Immunocytochemical staining of vessels with alpha smooth muscle actin and CD31 that recognize pericytes and vascular endothelium, respectively, demonstrated that this effect was due to selective pericyte deficiency within corpora lutea. Further experiments in which rats were treated concurrently with both PDGFRβ and VEGFR inhibitors ablated the hemorrhagic response, resulting instead in corpus luteum necrosis. These changes are consistent with the notion that selective pericyte loss in the primitive capillary network resulted in increased vessel fragility and hemorrhage, whereas concomitant VEGFR inhibition resulted in vessel regression and reduced vascular perfusion that restricted development of the hemorrhagic vessels. These results also highlight the utility of the rodent ovary to respond differentially to VEGFR and PDGFR inhibitors, which may provide useful information during routine safety assessment for determining target organ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Hall
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Susan Ashton
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMed, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Judith Horner
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Zena Wilson
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMed, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Jaimini Reens
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Simon T Barry
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMed, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Steve R Wedge
- AstraZeneca, Oncology iMed, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
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Sankaran M, Uvarani C, Chandraprakash K, Umamaheswari M, Mohan PS. An Expedient Approach for the Synthesis of Bioactive Pyrazole, Isoxazole and Benzodiazepine-Substituted Quinolin-2(1H)-one Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathan Sankaran
- School of Chemical Sciences; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore Tamilnadu 641046 India
| | - Chokkalingam Uvarani
- School of Chemical Sciences; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore Tamilnadu 641046 India
| | | | - Mani Umamaheswari
- School of Chemical Sciences; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore Tamilnadu 641046 India
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